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考研外語考前沖刺預測試卷5
一、UseofEnglish
1、Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.
Booksarebeing(1)intodigitalform,bythethousands.
Themostimportant(2)forwardmaybein“digitalink,“
thetechnologyusedfor(3)lettersonascreen.Asmall
companycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor(4)tiny
blackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand(5)withan
electroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused(6)thereader
changesthepage,deviceswiththetechnologycouldgo(7)
20booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas
(8)asinkonaprintedpage.
Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake(9)ofthe
technology.Thisyear,itwillmarkettheSonyReader,which
usesEInkandclosely(10)thesize,weight,and(11)
ofabook.TheReaderwillsell(12)about$400.Sonyalso
willofferroughly10,000book(13)fordownloadfromits
onlinestore,(14)newsstones.
Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunity,too.Atleasttwo
(15)companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.
Andscoresofcompanies,fromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.,are
planningotherwaysto(16)fromdigitalbooks.Allthis
(17)totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPod,
Applehas(18)thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarry
arounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent,(19)
music,whynotnovelsandnonfiction?AccordingtooneCEOwith
alargepublishingcompany,theiPodledthewayingetting
peoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthings
arenotonly(20),butagoodidea.
A.scanned
B.compiled
C.skimmed
D.edited
2、(2)
A.pace
B.step
C.rhythm
D.march
3、⑶
A.displaying
B.indicating
C.manifesting
D.providing
4、(4)
A.organizing
B.sorting
C.ordering
D.arranging
5、(5)
A.visions
B.pictures
C.images
D.sights
6、(6)
A.if
B.until
C.unless
D.as
7、⑺
A.aslongas
B.assoonas
C.asearlyas
D.asgoodas
8、⑻
A.clear
B.obvious
C.sharp
D.acute
9、(9)
A.profit
B.superiority
C.benefit
D.advantage
10、(10)
A.mimics
B.imitates
C.estimates
D.stimulates
IK(11)
A.sense
B.feel
C.feeling
D.appearance
12、(12)
A.of
B.for
C.at
D.out
13、(13)
A.lists
B.names
C.ranks
D.titles
14、(14)
A.inaddition
B.inspiteof
C.asfor
D.alongwith
15、(15)
A.spare
B.more
C.further
D.extra
16、(16)
A.benefit
B.enhance
C.promote
D.profit
17、(17)
A.belongs
B.leads
C.owes
D.comes
18、(18)
A.displayed
B.demonstrated
C.determined
D.discovered
19、(19)
A.After
B.From
C.Apart
D.Beside
20、(20)
A.inevitable
B.inexhaustible
C.inexpressible
D.inflexible
二、ReadingComprehension
1PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions
beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)
WhenexecutivesatGooglewentlookingforWallStreet
investmentbankerstounderwritethecompany,smassiveinitial
publicoffering,theylaiddownstricttermsofengagement:
bringusnewideasonhowtosellthedealtoinvestorsandsave
theusualpoliticalgamesmanship.Butwithsuchahugepayday
atstake一anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingthe
offering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybythe
Googlerules?Ofcoursenot.JustaskGoldmanSachs.
TowinachunkoftheGooglebusiness,Goldman,thenation,s
premierinvestmentbank,setfreeitsCEO,HankPaulson,topul1
somestrings.PaulsonisoneofWal1Street'sbest“callmen”,
whocanwaveaPalmPDAful1ofconnectionswhenit'scrunch
timetobringhomeadeal.ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulson
triedtosidestepGoogle'sordersbyreachingouttooneof
Google'slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerful
venture-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.Themove
helpeddoomGoldman,seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,
whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorgan
Stanley.
PaulsonthoughthisbestshotwasJohnDoerr,oneofKleiner's
toppartners.Badmove.WhenwordofPaulson'smisstepgotback
toGoogle'stopexecutives,Goldmanwasquicklybumpedfromthe
topoftheshortlist."ThepeopleatGoogleweresuch
enthusiastsabouttherules,“saidoneexecutivewhoworksat
arivalWallStreetfirm."Whentheyheardaboutthis,theywent
ape."Noneofthepartiesinvolved一Google,GoldmanSachsor
Doerr一wouldcomment.
Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalow
profile.JohnMack,CSFB,sfamouslywell-connectedchief
executive,purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessforfear
thathemighttipthescalestoanotherplayer,peoplewith
knowledgeofthemattersay.Meanwhile,newrulesforWall
StreetresearchanalystsappeartohavepreventedMaryMeeker,
MorganStanley,stopInternetanalyst,fromplayingadirect
role,eventhoughsheandDoerrhavedonebusinesstogetherfor
years.
Goldman,meanwhile,can'tblameitslossjustonPaulson.
Peopleclosetothedealsaybankersforthefirmbraggedto
GoogleabouttheGo1dmanname,anddidn'tgenerateenoughideas
abouthowtosellsharestoinvestorsthroughanauction."Their
lackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,“
saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.Sometimes,itreallydoes
paytoplaybytherules.
Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?
A.GooglefollowedtherulesofWallStreet.
B.GoldmanSachsdisobeyedGoogle'srules.
C.GoldmanSachsfollowedGoogle'srules.
D.BigfirmsinWallStreetareafraidofGoogle.
2、
HankPaulson'snameismentionedtoshowthat
A.heisafamousbankerinWallStreet.
B.hefailedbyfollowingGoogle'srules.
C.helostGoogle'sdealbyusinggamesmanship.
D.helostGoogle'sdealtohisrivals.
3、
Thespeakerinthethirdparagraphthinksthat
A.JohnDoerrwasthebestshotforPaulson.
B.GoldmanwaswronginGoogle'sdeal.
C.GooglemadeafussaboutPaulson'sact.
D.Googlefollowedtherulesperfectly.
4、
JohnMackandMaryMeekersharedsimilaritiesinthattheyboth
A.behavedwithdeliberaterestraintormodesty.
B.purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocess.
C.workedtogetherwithDoerrforyears.
D.tippedthescaletotheirrivals.
5、
Go1dmanmightlearnalessonfromGoogle,sdealthat
A.theyshouldnotunleasheditsCEOtopullsomestrings.
B.theyshouldalwaysplaybytherules.
C.Paulsonisnottherightpersontoleadthebank.
D.it'svitaltohavegoodperceptioninmarketing.
6、Lastyear,America,sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjects
Agency,DARPA,thoughtitwouldbeagoodideatoorganizea
robotraceacrosstheNevadadesert.TheideaoftheGrand
Challenge,asDARPAdubbedit,wasforautonomousrobot
vehiclestosteera227km(142mile)courseandclaima$1m
jackpot.ThiswouldbeafirststeptowardsDARPA'sultimate
goalofbeingabletobuildunmannedself-drivingmilitary
vehiclesandthuskeepAmericantroopsoutofharm,swayonthe
battlefield.
Thisyear'scropof23entrantswereofferedanevengreater
incentive一a$2mprizeforthewinner.That,plusthe
intervening18months,seemstohavedonethetrick.Thistime,
fivevehiclesfinishedthe211kmcourse.Thewinner,amodified
VolkswagenTouaregdubbedStanleybyitsmakers,ateamfrom
StanfordUniversity,diditinameresixhoursand54minutes.
Stanleywas,ofcourse,speciallyhardenedbyitsdesignersfor
theroughterrainoftheNevadadesert.Thecleverbit,however,
wasthevehicle'sbrain.Thiswasdesignedandbuiltbythe
StanfordArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(SAIL).
Stanley'sbrainconsistsofsixtop-of-the-rangePentiumchips
wiredcollaborativelytogether.Itisprogrammedwithspecial
softwarethatisabletolearnfromitsmistakes.Thissoftware
masteredthetricksofcol1ision-avoidanceinaseriesof
deserttestrunsconductedbeforetheracestarted.
Likeallbrains,Stanley(shasarangeofsensoryinputsto
process.Aglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)receivertellsit
whereontheEarth'ssurfaceitis.Televisioncameras,radar
andfourlaserbaseddistancemonitorstellitwhatits
surroundingsare1ike.BycomparingitsGPSlocationwithits
pre-programmeddestination(announcedonlyafewhoursbefore
theracebegan),itknewwhichwayitwantedtogo.And,by
studyingitssurroundings,itcouldworkoutwhatlooked1ike
thesafestroutethatwasalsoinapproximatelytheright
direction.
AlthoughStanleycarriedoffthelaurels,theotherfour
finishersdidrespectably.Sandstormmanagedatimejustten
minutesbehindthewinnerwhilehersistervehicleHighlander
cameintenminutesafterthat.GrayBotandTerraMax,theother
twocourse-completers,cameinatsevenhours30minutesand
12hours51minutes,respectively.
Sosmart,autonomousvehiclescan,indeed,findtheirway
acrossseveralhundredkilometresofdesert.Thequestionis,
whatnext?DARPA'sanswer,ofcourse,willbetogodownthe
militaryroute.Butthissortoftechnologyhasobvious
civilianapplicationsaswell,asSebastianThrun,theheadof
bothSAILandtheStanfordracingteam,iskeentoemphasize.
Dr.Thrunthinksthatitcouldleadtoself-drivingroad
vehicleswithin30yearsand—moreimmediately一togreatly
improvedcollision-avoidancesystems.Whetherthefreewaysof
Californiawillproveaseasytonavigateasthegulchesof
Nevada,though,remainstobeseen.
Thepurposeofholdingarobotraceisto
A.adventurethroughtheNevadadesert.
B.delevopunpilotedvehiclesformilitaryuse.
C.wina$lmjackpot.
D.keepAmericantroopsunharmed.
7、
Stanleywontheracemostprobablybecause
A.therewereonly23vehiclescompetingintherace.
B.ithas18monthstopreparefortherace.
C.itisspeciallymadeforthedesert.
D.thebrainofthevehiclewasdelicateandintelligent.
8、
Ifputinnewsurroundings,Stanleymay
A.gettotallylost.
B.needtobecontrolledbypeople.
C.studyandworkoutitsownway.
D.waitfororderstomove.
9、
Dr.Thrunstronglyholdthattheautonomousvehicles
A.playanimportantroleinmilitaryfield.
B.willbeappliedindailytransportation.
C.willsoonbemoreaccessibleforcommonpeople.
D.havegreatmarketvalue.
10、
Fromthetextwecanconcludethattherobotrace
A.wasawasteoftimeandmoney.
B.attractednationwideattention.
C.encouragedthedevelopmentofautonomousvehicles.
D.willnotbeorganizedagain.
11、Thekakapoiswidelyregardedastheworld'smostabsurd
bird.Itisaflightless,night-activeparrotthatlivesinNew
Zealand.Itisthusaprimeexampleofthesortofevolutionary
experimentthathappensonislandsthatlackseriouspredators.
Now,sadly,thekakapopopulationhasbeenreducedtoafew
dozenindividuals.Buteffortstopreservethespecieshaveled
toanothersortofexperiment一onethathasproducedthebest
evidencesofarforasocalledsex-allocationtheory.
BruceRobertson,oftheUniversityofCanterbury,andhis
colleagues,havebeenstudyingamystery.Tokeepthekakapo
populationgoing,conservationistshavebeenfeedingthe
birds一inparticular,thefemales—sothattheystayabovethe
minimumweighttheyneedtobreed.Thatworkedsplendidlyas
farasitwent.Between1997and2022theadultpopulationrose
from50to83.Butthesexratiowenthaywire.Those83birds
aredividedinto45malesand38females.Moreover,femaleswere
producingtwiceasmanysonsasdaughters.Sinceanotherofthe
kakapo,speculiaritiesisitsbreedingsysteminwhichthemale
playsnopartinraisingtheyoung,thesurvivalprospectsof
thespeciesarenotenhancedbythisbiasedsexratio.
Dr.Robertsonsuspectedthatthesexratiowasnotanaccident.
Inallspeciesthenumberofdescendantsleftbyindividual
malesismorevariablethanthenumberleftbyindividual
females.Thatmeansyourdaughtersaremorelikelytohaveat
leastsomechildrenthanyoursons,butsuccessfulsonshave
manymorechildrenthansuccessfuldaughters.Inaspecieslike
thekakapo,wherethemaleshavetodisplaytothefemalesin
afashionshow,andwhereonlytheshowiestmalesgetpicked
toreproduce,itmakessensetohavesonsonlyiftheyarelikely
tobethebestmalesaround.Otherwiseitisbettertohave
daughters.
Andsoitseemstobewiththekakapo.Byprovisioningthebirds
withasmuchfoodastheycaneat,femaleshavebeenbrought
tothepeakofcondition—theidealstatetoproducetop-class
sons.Andtheyhavedoneso,inabundance.
Totestthecorrectnessofthisidea,Dr.Robertsonandhisteam
devisedamoresophisticatedfeedingschedulethattookaccount
ofeachfemale'sstartingweightandfattenedheruptothe
pointatwhichshewascapableofreproducing,butnotmuch
further,Theresult,justpublishedinBiologyLetters,was
thatthesexratiosettleddownatamoresensible50:50.Though
itdidnotactuallydroptofavordaughters,thatisstillan
impressiveagreementwiththeory.Itmightevensavethekakapo
fromextinction.
Whatcanbeinferredfromthedescriptionofkakapo?
A.Itistheresultofanevolutionaryexperiment.
B.Itsharesmanycommonfeaturesofparrot.
C.Mostparrotscanflyandareactiveinthedaytime.
D.ItisbroughttoNewZealandbyimmigrants.
12、
Theword//haywire,/(Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans
A.unexpected.
B.uncontrollable.
C.broken.
D.normal.
13、
BruceRobertsonandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingon
A.theminimumweightofthefemalesneededforbreeding.
B.thepeculiaritiesofkakapo'sbreedingsystem.
C.thecausesofunevensexratioexistedinkakapo.
D.theprotectionofkakapo.
14、
Thefourthparagraphexplainedthat
A.maledescendantstendtooutnumberfemaledescendants.
B.femaledescendantstendtooutnumbermaledescendants.
C.kakapostendtohavesonsiftheyarethebestmalesaround.
D.kakapofemalesneedtobetheshowiestaround.
15、
Thestudyprovedthatthecauseofthesex-ratioproblemis
A.thebornrateofthemalekakapo.
B.thefeedingamountofthefemalekakapo.
C.thestartingweightofthefemalekakapo.
D.thetotalamountofthemalekakapo.
16、IBM'syear-old,$2.5billioncomputer-chipplantinEast
Fishkill,N.Y.,isamanufacturingmarvel.Three-hundred
robotictools,sixmilesofnetworkingcableandmorecomputing
powerthanNASAusestolaunchthespaceshuttleallwork
togethertoproducetensofmillionsofchipsayear—eachwith
circuitry800timesthinnerthanahumanhair.Notthatyou,11
findmuchhumanhairaroundtheplant.Otherchipplantsneed
about400employeesatalltimestooperatetheComplex
machinery.ButtodayatEastFishkill,100engineerspershift
overseeatotallyautomatedproductionline.Lastwinter,when
afiercesnowstormsenteveryonehomeearly,themachines
hummedalongovernightwithoutanyproblem."Theproductivity
increasesforIBMareamazing,“saysPerryHartswick,the
seniorprogrammanagerattheplant.
ProductivityimprovementslikethoseatIBMcanbeaboonin
ahealthyeconomy,helpingtomakeAmericanbusinessmore
competitiveabroadandkeepingalidoninflationasemployees
workhardertomeetstrongdemandfortheirproducts.But
today,ssoaringproductivityishavingaharmfulsideeffect:
it'sholdingbackjobgrowth.LastThursdaytheCommerce
DepartmentreportedthatGDPgrewatanannualrateof2.4
percent.Butunemploymentwashoveringatanuncomfortablyhigh
6.2percentinJuly,and44,000additionaljobswereaxedfrom
payrolls,markingthesixthmonthinarowtheeconomyhaslost
jobs.
Onefaultisthatseeminglyprofligatespendingonhightech
duringthe'90sboom.Morethanthreeyearsafterthebust,it's
continuingtogenerateaproductivitypayoffinsidecompanies.
Evenindustrieslikeentertainmentandhighereducation,once
thoughttobelargelyimmunetoproductivityimprovements,have
beenrevolutionizedbydigitalmedia,onlineresearchtools,
cel1phonesande-mail.
Butthat'snottheonlyreasonfortheproblem.Overthelast
threeyears,Americanmanufacturershaveshipped2.6million
jobstolow-WagecountrieslikeChina.Meanwhile,afloodof
white-collarjobs—likecomputertechniciansandcustomer
servicereps——havegonetocountrieswithwell-educatedwork
forces,suchasIndia.
Thereisofcourseasimplesolutiontoallthis-ahotter
economy,withstrongerdemandthatwouldforcecompaniesto
hireworkers.Buttheseven-pointdeclineinJulyofthe
ConsumerConfidenceIndexdoesn'toffermuchnear-termhope.
SomeeconomistsalsoworrythatBush'sdeeptaxcutsare“avery
expensivewayofgettinganamountofstimulusthatistoo
small,“saysJanetYellen,aprofessorattheHaasSchoolof
BusinesswhoalsochairedClinton'sCouncilofEconomic
Advisers.TheBushadministrationrespondsbyaskingAmericans
towaituntilthefulleffectofthecutsarefeltandthe
economykicksintoahighgeargrowthrateof3percentto4
percent.ForthemillionsofAmericanswhoareoutofwork,that
daycan'tcomesoonenough.
Bycitingthedetailednumbersrelatedtotheplant,theauthor
intendstoshowthat
A.theproductivityincreaseshereareamazing.
B.theplantishighlyeffectiveandsophisticated.
C.IBMissuccessfulinproducingcomputer-chips.
D.EastFishkillisfamousfortheproductionof
computer-chips.
17、
Totoday'sAmericans,productivityimprovements
A.isatimelybenefit.
B.helpstheirbusinesstobemorecompetitive.
C.restrainsthejobgrowth.
D.holdbacktheGDPgrowth.
18、
Accordingtothepassage,industrieslikeentertainmentand
highereducationusedto
A.adoptlatesttechnologies.
B.bethoughtnottobe'affectedbyproductivityimprovements.
C.generateaproductivitypayoff.
D.takeinrevolutionizedideas.
19、
Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthattheauthorbelieves
A.Americanmanufacturersshouldnotshipjobstoother
countries.
B.theChineseandtheIndiantookawaymanyjobsfromthe
American.
C.Newbranchesofmanufacturersinothercountriesleadto
thejobproblem.
D.ChinaandIndiaarerisinginmanufactureindustries.
20、
Prof.JanetYellenthinksthatBush'sdeeptaxcutsare
A.acostlybuteffectivewayofsolvingtheemployment
problem.
B.ahelpfulattemptapproachingthejobproblem.
C.worthlesspolicythatwillendinvain.
D.anexpensiveattemptwithlimitedeffect.
21、PartB(10points)
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For
Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese
paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist
A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)
A.Peoplecanlearntoimprovetheirskillsatrecognizing
burnoutandatdoingsomethingaboutit,Lauderdalesuggests.
Afrequentlyusedlow-riskstrategyisonehecalls“thequick
break.〃Examplesincluderearrangingthefurniture,gettinga
newhaircutornewclothes,takingavacation,orgoingtoa
concertorfootballgame.Othermajorchangeresponsesinclude
compromisingandtryingtoacceptthecurrentlevelofsuccess
orincome,movingtoanewenvironmentorsituation,orchanging
oneselfbyloweringexpectationsofworkorredefiningits
meaning.
B.Schoolteachersandfull-timehousewiveswithchildrenat
homeareamongthehighest-riskgroupslikelytosufferfrom
burnout,saysMichaelLauderdale,directoroftheUniversity
ofTexasSchoolofSocialWork;sresearchcenter,whobegan
studyingburnout10yearsago.Hefirstnoticedsymptomsofthe
conditionamonghumanserviceagencyworkers,butsaysthe
conditionaffectseveryonetoadegree.Burnout,hebelieves,
comeswhen“wehaveexpectationsofourjobs,careers,
marriages,orlives,andtherealityweareexperiencingisless
thanourexpectations”.
C.Moderateburnoutischaracterizedbymoreillnessand
absenteeism,anda"cocoonphenomenon“begins.Inthatstate,
workers“seemtohavegrayfacesat3p.m.intheoffice,but
afterfive,it'slikeabutterflycomingoutofacocoon.Their
voicesliltandtheyarespontaneouswhentheywalkoutofthe
office.The"cocoonphenomenon"isaresultofpeople
compartmentalizingtheirlives,Lauderdalefeels.
Accompanyingthatis"lotsofclock-watchingandcountingthe
daysuntilFriday.”
D.We'reinatimeofhighambiguityaboutwhat1ifemeansin
termsofsocialrolesandintermsofwhatwe'retodowithour
lives.Idon'tthinkthatpeoplehavegreaterexpectationsnow
thaninthepast一Ithinkit'sjusthardertokeepyour
experiencesinplacebecausethetimekeepchangingonyou.An
exampleoftherapidlychangingtimeswouldbeayoungcollege
studentwhoisadvisedtogetadegreeinbusiness."Ifyou're
asophomorenow,bythetimeyougetthedegree,peoplewith
businessdegreescouldbeaglutonthemarket.Theideathat
theprivatesectorcouldsolvemostoftheworld'sproblems
couldvanishbythen.”
E.Inthethirdstageofburnout,whichhetermsdespair,“the
personpullsintoashellandminimizesworkandsocialcontacts
asmuchaspossible.Thereisdepressionandcrying,anincrease
indrinking,risk-takinganddrugs.Irelatedalotofmywork
withabusingparentsasbeingthethirdstageofburnout.They
arehighlyburnedoutasparents.”
F.Lauderdaledividesthesymptomsofburnoutintothreestages.
Firstisconfusion.Theworkermayvoicegeneralcomplaints,
suchas”Idon,tfeelverygood"or"Ijustdon'thaveanypep.”
Sometimes,chronicbackaches,headaches,orcoldsappear.A
workermayseemtolosehissenseofhumor.Hemayseem
inattentiveinadiscussionbecauseofthelistofthingsto
dorunningthroughhismind.
G.Althoughthebulkofliteratureaboutburnoutis
work-related,thesyndromecanoccurinanyofthemultiple
rolesmostpeopleperform—spouse,friend,parent,employee,
supervisor.Also,burnoutinajobmaynotbeginatwork,but
maybeaspilloverfromtheworker(sdissatisfactionwithother
roles,suchasbeingtheparentofateenager.
Order:ThefirstparagraphisBandthelastoneisA.
22、(42)
23、(43)
24、(44)
25、(45)
26、PartC
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen
translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)
AsasymbolofAmericanconquest,it'seasytoforgethow
McDonald,swasfirstreceivedoverseas.Backin1974,Britons
queuedforhoursattheopeningofaMickeyD'sinLondon.
(46)WhentheGoldenArchessprangupinMoscownotlongafter
thefall
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