2023年考研外語(yǔ)考前沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試卷5

考研外語(yǔ)考前沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試卷5

一、UseofEnglish

1、Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.

Booksarebeing(1)intodigitalform,bythethousands.

Themostimportant(2)forwardmaybein“digitalink,“

thetechnologyusedfor(3)lettersonascreen.Asmall

companycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor(4)tiny

blackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand(5)withan

electroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused(6)thereader

changesthepage,deviceswiththetechnologycouldgo(7)

20booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas

(8)asinkonaprintedpage.

Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake(9)ofthe

technology.Thisyear,itwillmarkettheSonyReader,which

usesEInkandclosely(10)thesize,weight,and(11)

ofabook.TheReaderwillsell(12)about$400.Sonyalso

willofferroughly10,000book(13)fordownloadfromits

onlinestore,(14)newsstones.

Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunity,too.Atleasttwo

(15)companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.

Andscoresofcompanies,fromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.,are

planningotherwaysto(16)fromdigitalbooks.Allthis

(17)totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPod,

Applehas(18)thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarry

arounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent,(19)

music,whynotnovelsandnonfiction?AccordingtooneCEOwith

alargepublishingcompany,theiPodledthewayingetting

peoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthings

arenotonly(20),butagoodidea.

A.scanned

B.compiled

C.skimmed

D.edited

2、(2)

A.pace

B.step

C.rhythm

D.march

3、⑶

A.displaying

B.indicating

C.manifesting

D.providing

4、(4)

A.organizing

B.sorting

C.ordering

D.arranging

5、(5)

A.visions

B.pictures

C.images

D.sights

6、(6)

A.if

B.until

C.unless

D.as

7、⑺

A.aslongas

B.assoonas

C.asearlyas

D.asgoodas

8、⑻

A.clear

B.obvious

C.sharp

D.acute

9、(9)

A.profit

B.superiority

C.benefit

D.advantage

10、(10)

A.mimics

B.imitates

C.estimates

D.stimulates

IK(11)

A.sense

B.feel

C.feeling

D.appearance

12、(12)

A.of

B.for

C.at

D.out

13、(13)

A.lists

B.names

C.ranks

D.titles

14、(14)

A.inaddition

B.inspiteof

C.asfor

D.alongwith

15、(15)

A.spare

B.more

C.further

D.extra

16、(16)

A.benefit

B.enhance

C.promote

D.profit

17、(17)

A.belongs

B.leads

C.owes

D.comes

18、(18)

A.displayed

B.demonstrated

C.determined

D.discovered

19、(19)

A.After

B.From

C.Apart

D.Beside

20、(20)

A.inevitable

B.inexhaustible

C.inexpressible

D.inflexible

二、ReadingComprehension

1PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

WhenexecutivesatGooglewentlookingforWallStreet

investmentbankerstounderwritethecompany，smassiveinitial

publicoffering,theylaiddownstricttermsofengagement:

bringusnewideasonhowtosellthedealtoinvestorsandsave

theusualpoliticalgamesmanship.Butwithsuchahugepayday

atstake一anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingthe

offering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybythe

Googlerules?Ofcoursenot.JustaskGoldmanSachs.

TowinachunkoftheGooglebusiness,Goldman,thenation，s

premierinvestmentbank,setfreeitsCEO,HankPaulson,topul1

somestrings.PaulsonisoneofWal1Street'sbest“callmen”,

whocanwaveaPalmPDAful1ofconnectionswhenit'scrunch

timetobringhomeadeal.ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulson

triedtosidestepGoogle'sordersbyreachingouttooneof

Google'slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerful

venture-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.Themove

helpeddoomGoldman，seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,

whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorgan

Stanley.

PaulsonthoughthisbestshotwasJohnDoerr,oneofKleiner's

toppartners.Badmove.WhenwordofPaulson'smisstepgotback

toGoogle'stopexecutives,Goldmanwasquicklybumpedfromthe

topoftheshortlist."ThepeopleatGoogleweresuch

enthusiastsabouttherules,“saidoneexecutivewhoworksat

arivalWallStreetfirm."Whentheyheardaboutthis,theywent

ape."Noneofthepartiesinvolved一Google,GoldmanSachsor

Doerr一wouldcomment.

Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalow

profile.JohnMack,CSFB，sfamouslywell-connectedchief

executive,purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessforfear

thathemighttipthescalestoanotherplayer,peoplewith

knowledgeofthemattersay.Meanwhile,newrulesforWall

StreetresearchanalystsappeartohavepreventedMaryMeeker,

MorganStanley，stopInternetanalyst,fromplayingadirect

role,eventhoughsheandDoerrhavedonebusinesstogetherfor

years.

Goldman,meanwhile,can'tblameitslossjustonPaulson.

Peopleclosetothedealsaybankersforthefirmbraggedto

GoogleabouttheGo1dmanname,anddidn'tgenerateenoughideas

abouthowtosellsharestoinvestorsthroughanauction."Their

lackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,“

saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.Sometimes,itreallydoes

paytoplaybytherules.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

A.GooglefollowedtherulesofWallStreet.

B.GoldmanSachsdisobeyedGoogle'srules.

C.GoldmanSachsfollowedGoogle'srules.

D.BigfirmsinWallStreetareafraidofGoogle.

2、

HankPaulson'snameismentionedtoshowthat

A.heisafamousbankerinWallStreet.

B.hefailedbyfollowingGoogle'srules.

C.helostGoogle'sdealbyusinggamesmanship.

D.helostGoogle'sdealtohisrivals.

3、

Thespeakerinthethirdparagraphthinksthat

A.JohnDoerrwasthebestshotforPaulson.

B.GoldmanwaswronginGoogle'sdeal.

C.GooglemadeafussaboutPaulson'sact.

D.Googlefollowedtherulesperfectly.

4、

JohnMackandMaryMeekersharedsimilaritiesinthattheyboth

A.behavedwithdeliberaterestraintormodesty.

B.purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocess.

C.workedtogetherwithDoerrforyears.

D.tippedthescaletotheirrivals.

5、

Go1dmanmightlearnalessonfromGoogle,sdealthat

A.theyshouldnotunleasheditsCEOtopullsomestrings.

B.theyshouldalwaysplaybytherules.

C.Paulsonisnottherightpersontoleadthebank.

D.it'svitaltohavegoodperceptioninmarketing.

6、Lastyear,America，sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjects

Agency,DARPA,thoughtitwouldbeagoodideatoorganizea

robotraceacrosstheNevadadesert.TheideaoftheGrand

Challenge,asDARPAdubbedit,wasforautonomousrobot

vehiclestosteera227km(142mile)courseandclaima$1m

jackpot.ThiswouldbeafirststeptowardsDARPA'sultimate

goalofbeingabletobuildunmannedself-drivingmilitary

vehiclesandthuskeepAmericantroopsoutofharm，swayonthe

battlefield.

Thisyear'scropof23entrantswereofferedanevengreater

incentive一a$2mprizeforthewinner.That,plusthe

intervening18months,seemstohavedonethetrick.Thistime,

fivevehiclesfinishedthe211kmcourse.Thewinner,amodified

VolkswagenTouaregdubbedStanleybyitsmakers,ateamfrom

StanfordUniversity,diditinameresixhoursand54minutes.

Stanleywas,ofcourse,speciallyhardenedbyitsdesignersfor

theroughterrainoftheNevadadesert.Thecleverbit,however,

wasthevehicle'sbrain.Thiswasdesignedandbuiltbythe

StanfordArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(SAIL).

Stanley'sbrainconsistsofsixtop-of-the-rangePentiumchips

wiredcollaborativelytogether.Itisprogrammedwithspecial

softwarethatisabletolearnfromitsmistakes.Thissoftware

masteredthetricksofcol1ision-avoidanceinaseriesof

deserttestrunsconductedbeforetheracestarted.

Likeallbrains,Stanley(shasarangeofsensoryinputsto

process.Aglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)receivertellsit

whereontheEarth'ssurfaceitis.Televisioncameras,radar

andfourlaserbaseddistancemonitorstellitwhatits

surroundingsare1ike.BycomparingitsGPSlocationwithits

pre-programmeddestination(announcedonlyafewhoursbefore

theracebegan),itknewwhichwayitwantedtogo.And,by

studyingitssurroundings,itcouldworkoutwhatlooked1ike

thesafestroutethatwasalsoinapproximatelytheright

direction.

AlthoughStanleycarriedoffthelaurels,theotherfour

finishersdidrespectably.Sandstormmanagedatimejustten

minutesbehindthewinnerwhilehersistervehicleHighlander

cameintenminutesafterthat.GrayBotandTerraMax,theother

twocourse-completers,cameinatsevenhours30minutesand

12hours51minutes,respectively.

Sosmart,autonomousvehiclescan,indeed,findtheirway

acrossseveralhundredkilometresofdesert.Thequestionis,

whatnext?DARPA'sanswer,ofcourse,willbetogodownthe

militaryroute.Butthissortoftechnologyhasobvious

civilianapplicationsaswell,asSebastianThrun,theheadof

bothSAILandtheStanfordracingteam,iskeentoemphasize.

Dr.Thrunthinksthatitcouldleadtoself-drivingroad

vehicleswithin30yearsand—moreimmediately一togreatly

improvedcollision-avoidancesystems.Whetherthefreewaysof

Californiawillproveaseasytonavigateasthegulchesof

Nevada,though,remainstobeseen.

Thepurposeofholdingarobotraceisto

A.adventurethroughtheNevadadesert.

B.delevopunpilotedvehiclesformilitaryuse.

C.wina$lmjackpot.

D.keepAmericantroopsunharmed.

7、

Stanleywontheracemostprobablybecause

A.therewereonly23vehiclescompetingintherace.

B.ithas18monthstopreparefortherace.

C.itisspeciallymadeforthedesert.

D.thebrainofthevehiclewasdelicateandintelligent.

8、

Ifputinnewsurroundings,Stanleymay

A.gettotallylost.

B.needtobecontrolledbypeople.

C.studyandworkoutitsownway.

D.waitfororderstomove.

9、

Dr.Thrunstronglyholdthattheautonomousvehicles

A.playanimportantroleinmilitaryfield.

B.willbeappliedindailytransportation.

C.willsoonbemoreaccessibleforcommonpeople.

D.havegreatmarketvalue.

10、

Fromthetextwecanconcludethattherobotrace

A.wasawasteoftimeandmoney.

B.attractednationwideattention.

C.encouragedthedevelopmentofautonomousvehicles.

D.willnotbeorganizedagain.

11、Thekakapoiswidelyregardedastheworld'smostabsurd

bird.Itisaflightless,night-activeparrotthatlivesinNew

Zealand.Itisthusaprimeexampleofthesortofevolutionary

experimentthathappensonislandsthatlackseriouspredators.

Now,sadly,thekakapopopulationhasbeenreducedtoafew

dozenindividuals.Buteffortstopreservethespecieshaveled

toanothersortofexperiment一onethathasproducedthebest

evidencesofarforasocalledsex-allocationtheory.

BruceRobertson,oftheUniversityofCanterbury,andhis

colleagues,havebeenstudyingamystery.Tokeepthekakapo

populationgoing,conservationistshavebeenfeedingthe

birds一inparticular,thefemales—sothattheystayabovethe

minimumweighttheyneedtobreed.Thatworkedsplendidlyas

farasitwent.Between1997and2022theadultpopulationrose

from50to83.Butthesexratiowenthaywire.Those83birds

aredividedinto45malesand38females.Moreover,femaleswere

producingtwiceasmanysonsasdaughters.Sinceanotherofthe

kakapo,speculiaritiesisitsbreedingsysteminwhichthemale

playsnopartinraisingtheyoung,thesurvivalprospectsof

thespeciesarenotenhancedbythisbiasedsexratio.

Dr.Robertsonsuspectedthatthesexratiowasnotanaccident.

Inallspeciesthenumberofdescendantsleftbyindividual

malesismorevariablethanthenumberleftbyindividual

females.Thatmeansyourdaughtersaremorelikelytohaveat

leastsomechildrenthanyoursons,butsuccessfulsonshave

manymorechildrenthansuccessfuldaughters.Inaspecieslike

thekakapo,wherethemaleshavetodisplaytothefemalesin

afashionshow,andwhereonlytheshowiestmalesgetpicked

toreproduce,itmakessensetohavesonsonlyiftheyarelikely

tobethebestmalesaround.Otherwiseitisbettertohave

daughters.

Andsoitseemstobewiththekakapo.Byprovisioningthebirds

withasmuchfoodastheycaneat,femaleshavebeenbrought

tothepeakofcondition—theidealstatetoproducetop-class

sons.Andtheyhavedoneso,inabundance.

Totestthecorrectnessofthisidea,Dr.Robertsonandhisteam

devisedamoresophisticatedfeedingschedulethattookaccount

ofeachfemale'sstartingweightandfattenedheruptothe

pointatwhichshewascapableofreproducing,butnotmuch

further,Theresult,justpublishedinBiologyLetters,was

thatthesexratiosettleddownatamoresensible50:50.Though

itdidnotactuallydroptofavordaughters,thatisstillan

impressiveagreementwiththeory.Itmightevensavethekakapo

fromextinction.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthedescriptionofkakapo?

A.Itistheresultofanevolutionaryexperiment.

B.Itsharesmanycommonfeaturesofparrot.

C.Mostparrotscanflyandareactiveinthedaytime.

D.ItisbroughttoNewZealandbyimmigrants.

12、

Theword//haywire，/(Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans

A.unexpected.

B.uncontrollable.

C.broken.

D.normal.

13、

BruceRobertsonandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingon

A.theminimumweightofthefemalesneededforbreeding.

B.thepeculiaritiesofkakapo'sbreedingsystem.

C.thecausesofunevensexratioexistedinkakapo.

D.theprotectionofkakapo.

14、

Thefourthparagraphexplainedthat

A.maledescendantstendtooutnumberfemaledescendants.

B.femaledescendantstendtooutnumbermaledescendants.

C.kakapostendtohavesonsiftheyarethebestmalesaround.

D.kakapofemalesneedtobetheshowiestaround.

15、

Thestudyprovedthatthecauseofthesex-ratioproblemis

A.thebornrateofthemalekakapo.

B.thefeedingamountofthefemalekakapo.

C.thestartingweightofthefemalekakapo.

D.thetotalamountofthemalekakapo.

16、IBM'syear-old,$2.5billioncomputer-chipplantinEast

Fishkill,N.Y.,isamanufacturingmarvel.Three-hundred

robotictools,sixmilesofnetworkingcableandmorecomputing

powerthanNASAusestolaunchthespaceshuttleallwork

togethertoproducetensofmillionsofchipsayear—eachwith

circuitry800timesthinnerthanahumanhair.Notthatyou,11

findmuchhumanhairaroundtheplant.Otherchipplantsneed

about400employeesatalltimestooperatetheComplex

machinery.ButtodayatEastFishkill,100engineerspershift

overseeatotallyautomatedproductionline.Lastwinter,when

afiercesnowstormsenteveryonehomeearly,themachines

hummedalongovernightwithoutanyproblem."Theproductivity

increasesforIBMareamazing,“saysPerryHartswick,the

seniorprogrammanagerattheplant.

ProductivityimprovementslikethoseatIBMcanbeaboonin

ahealthyeconomy,helpingtomakeAmericanbusinessmore

competitiveabroadandkeepingalidoninflationasemployees

workhardertomeetstrongdemandfortheirproducts.But

today，ssoaringproductivityishavingaharmfulsideeffect:

it'sholdingbackjobgrowth.LastThursdaytheCommerce

DepartmentreportedthatGDPgrewatanannualrateof2.4

percent.Butunemploymentwashoveringatanuncomfortablyhigh

6.2percentinJuly,and44,000additionaljobswereaxedfrom

payrolls,markingthesixthmonthinarowtheeconomyhaslost

jobs.

Onefaultisthatseeminglyprofligatespendingonhightech

duringthe'90sboom.Morethanthreeyearsafterthebust,it's

continuingtogenerateaproductivitypayoffinsidecompanies.

Evenindustrieslikeentertainmentandhighereducation,once

thoughttobelargelyimmunetoproductivityimprovements,have

beenrevolutionizedbydigitalmedia,onlineresearchtools,

cel1phonesande-mail.

Butthat'snottheonlyreasonfortheproblem.Overthelast

threeyears,Americanmanufacturershaveshipped2.6million

jobstolow-WagecountrieslikeChina.Meanwhile,afloodof

white-collarjobs—likecomputertechniciansandcustomer

servicereps——havegonetocountrieswithwell-educatedwork

forces,suchasIndia.

Thereisofcourseasimplesolutiontoallthis-ahotter

economy,withstrongerdemandthatwouldforcecompaniesto

hireworkers.Buttheseven-pointdeclineinJulyofthe

ConsumerConfidenceIndexdoesn'toffermuchnear-termhope.

SomeeconomistsalsoworrythatBush'sdeeptaxcutsare“avery

expensivewayofgettinganamountofstimulusthatistoo

small,“saysJanetYellen,aprofessorattheHaasSchoolof

BusinesswhoalsochairedClinton'sCouncilofEconomic

Advisers.TheBushadministrationrespondsbyaskingAmericans

towaituntilthefulleffectofthecutsarefeltandthe

economykicksintoahighgeargrowthrateof3percentto4

percent.ForthemillionsofAmericanswhoareoutofwork,that

daycan'tcomesoonenough.

Bycitingthedetailednumbersrelatedtotheplant,theauthor

intendstoshowthat

A.theproductivityincreaseshereareamazing.

B.theplantishighlyeffectiveandsophisticated.

C.IBMissuccessfulinproducingcomputer-chips.

D.EastFishkillisfamousfortheproductionof

computer-chips.

17、

Totoday'sAmericans,productivityimprovements

A.isatimelybenefit.

B.helpstheirbusinesstobemorecompetitive.

C.restrainsthejobgrowth.

D.holdbacktheGDPgrowth.

18、

Accordingtothepassage,industrieslikeentertainmentand

highereducationusedto

A.adoptlatesttechnologies.

B.bethoughtnottobe'affectedbyproductivityimprovements.

C.generateaproductivitypayoff.

D.takeinrevolutionizedideas.

19、

Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthattheauthorbelieves

A.Americanmanufacturersshouldnotshipjobstoother

countries.

B.theChineseandtheIndiantookawaymanyjobsfromthe

American.

C.Newbranchesofmanufacturersinothercountriesleadto

thejobproblem.

D.ChinaandIndiaarerisinginmanufactureindustries.

20、

Prof.JanetYellenthinksthatBush'sdeeptaxcutsare

A.acostlybuteffectivewayofsolvingtheemployment

problem.

B.ahelpfulattemptapproachingthejobproblem.

C.worthlesspolicythatwillendinvain.

D.anexpensiveattemptwithlimitedeffect.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Peoplecanlearntoimprovetheirskillsatrecognizing

burnoutandatdoingsomethingaboutit,Lauderdalesuggests.

Afrequentlyusedlow-riskstrategyisonehecalls“thequick

break.〃Examplesincluderearrangingthefurniture,gettinga

newhaircutornewclothes,takingavacation,orgoingtoa

concertorfootballgame.Othermajorchangeresponsesinclude

compromisingandtryingtoacceptthecurrentlevelofsuccess

orincome,movingtoanewenvironmentorsituation,orchanging

oneselfbyloweringexpectationsofworkorredefiningits

meaning.

B.Schoolteachersandfull-timehousewiveswithchildrenat

homeareamongthehighest-riskgroupslikelytosufferfrom

burnout,saysMichaelLauderdale,directoroftheUniversity

ofTexasSchoolofSocialWork;sresearchcenter,whobegan

studyingburnout10yearsago.Hefirstnoticedsymptomsofthe

conditionamonghumanserviceagencyworkers,butsaysthe

conditionaffectseveryonetoadegree.Burnout,hebelieves,

comeswhen“wehaveexpectationsofourjobs,careers,

marriages,orlives,andtherealityweareexperiencingisless

thanourexpectations”.

C.Moderateburnoutischaracterizedbymoreillnessand

absenteeism,anda"cocoonphenomenon“begins.Inthatstate,

workers“seemtohavegrayfacesat3p.m.intheoffice,but

afterfive,it'slikeabutterflycomingoutofacocoon.Their

voicesliltandtheyarespontaneouswhentheywalkoutofthe

office.The"cocoonphenomenon"isaresultofpeople

compartmentalizingtheirlives,Lauderdalefeels.

Accompanyingthatis"lotsofclock-watchingandcountingthe

daysuntilFriday.”

D.We'reinatimeofhighambiguityaboutwhat1ifemeansin

termsofsocialrolesandintermsofwhatwe'retodowithour

lives.Idon'tthinkthatpeoplehavegreaterexpectationsnow

thaninthepast一Ithinkit'sjusthardertokeepyour

experiencesinplacebecausethetimekeepchangingonyou.An

exampleoftherapidlychangingtimeswouldbeayoungcollege

studentwhoisadvisedtogetadegreeinbusiness."Ifyou're

asophomorenow,bythetimeyougetthedegree,peoplewith

businessdegreescouldbeaglutonthemarket.Theideathat

theprivatesectorcouldsolvemostoftheworld'sproblems

couldvanishbythen.”

E.Inthethirdstageofburnout,whichhetermsdespair,“the

personpullsintoashellandminimizesworkandsocialcontacts

asmuchaspossible.Thereisdepressionandcrying,anincrease

indrinking,risk-takinganddrugs.Irelatedalotofmywork

withabusingparentsasbeingthethirdstageofburnout.They

arehighlyburnedoutasparents.”

F.Lauderdaledividesthesymptomsofburnoutintothreestages.

Firstisconfusion.Theworkermayvoicegeneralcomplaints,

suchas”Idon，tfeelverygood"or"Ijustdon'thaveanypep.”

Sometimes,chronicbackaches,headaches,orcoldsappear.A

workermayseemtolosehissenseofhumor.Hemayseem

inattentiveinadiscussionbecauseofthelistofthingsto

dorunningthroughhismind.

G.Althoughthebulkofliteratureaboutburnoutis

work-related,thesyndromecanoccurinanyofthemultiple

rolesmostpeopleperform—spouse,friend,parent,employee,

supervisor.Also,burnoutinajobmaynotbeginatwork,but

maybeaspilloverfromtheworker(sdissatisfactionwithother

roles,suchasbeingtheparentofateenager.

Order:ThefirstparagraphisBandthelastoneisA.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

AsasymbolofAmericanconquest,it'seasytoforgethow

McDonald，swasfirstreceivedoverseas.Backin1974,Britons

queuedforhoursattheopeningofaMickeyD'sinLondon.

(46)WhentheGoldenArchessprangupinMoscownotlongafter

thefall