2023年考研外語(yǔ)高分通關(guān)試卷6

考研外語(yǔ)高分通關(guān)試卷6

一、UseofEnglish

1、Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthe

public,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocate

thesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccination

isoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe(1)population

ofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe(2)graverisk.The

processofvaccinationallowsthepatient'sbodyto(3)

immunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,

onecanfightit(4)naturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmall

weakordead(5)ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedinto

thepatientinacontrolledenvironment,(6)hisbody's

immunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader(7).

Information(8)howtopenetratethedisease'sdefenses

is(9)toallelementsofthepatient'simmunesystemin

aprocessthatoccursnaturally,inwhichgeneticinformation

ispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat(10)_____the

patientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbody

iswellequippedandtrainedto(11)withit,having

alreadydonesobefore.

Thereare,however,dangers(12)intheprocess.(13);

eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthe

vaccineproves(14)muchforthebodytohandle,resulting

intheimmunesystem(15),and,therefore,thepatient's

death.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,(16)to

eradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly(17)thewhole

NativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof

settlers.(18)1in10,000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine

(19)thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies

fromit.Consequently,theprocess,whichistrulya(20),

mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

Notes:

proportions(pl.)規(guī)模；程度；大小

affliction(疾病)苦痛

vaccinationn.接種疫苗

eradicatev,根除，毀滅

A.entire

B.total

C.complete

D.complex

2、⑵

A.in

B.at

C.under

D.beyond

3、(3)

A.eliminate

B.identify

C.develop

D.deliver

4、(4)

A.up

B.against

C.with

D.off

5、⑸

A.strain

B.spell

C.series

D.fit

6、(6)

A.onlyif

B.sothat

C.incase

43

D.seeingthat

7、(7)

A.radically

B.directly

C.properly

D.presumably

8、(8)

A.for

B.of

C.to

D.on

9、(9)

A.transmitted

B.transferred

C.transported

D.transformed

10、(10)

A.would

B.should

C.ifonly

D.evenif

IK(ID

4

A.handle

B.familiarize

C.deal

D.tackle

12、(12)

A.available

B.plausible

C.accessible

D.inherent

13、(13)

A.Onoccasion

B.Bycontrast

C.Inaddition

D.Onthecontrary

14、(14)

A.so

B.too

C.rather

D.quite

15、(15)

A.hurting

B.hindering

5

C.deteriorating

D.endangering

16、(16)

A.invented

B.discovered

C.investigated

D.designed

17、(17)

A.wipedout

B.ruledout

C.breakdown

D.diedout

18、(18)

A.Fortunately

B.Approximately

C.Naturally

D.Specifically

19、(19)

A.infects

B.affects

C.effects

D.contracts

6

20、(20)

A.luck

B.triumph

C.blessing

D.promise

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Itmayturnoutthatthe“digitaldivide”—oneofthemost

fashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyearsislargely

fiction.Asyouwillrecall,theargumentwentwellbeyondthe

unsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthan

thepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsociety

wasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology“haves"and

“have-nots“andthatthissegregationwould,inturn,worsen

alreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthat

iseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated.

Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterall,computers

havespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyand

easiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggest

thatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink一andsoit

has.Now,anewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.

Thestudy,byeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityof

California,Berkeley,challengesthenotionthatcomputers

havesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhow

thissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraise

thedemandforhigh-skilledworkers,increasingtheirwages.

Meanwhile,computerization一byautomatingmanyroutine

tasks一reducesthedemandforlowskilledworkersand,thereby

theirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens.

Superficially,wagestatisticssupportthetheory.Consider

theratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistribution

andthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodid

thewagegap.

Butwait,pointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblaming

computersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurred

primarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowing,the

wagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpand,ifitwasbeingdriven

byashiftingdemandforskills.Indeed,CardandDiNardofind

muchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.They

concludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.

wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.”

Thepopularperceptionofcomputers'impactonwagesishugely

不_____Q

q8

overblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuch,ormore.

Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980s,forexample,

almostcertainlyreflectedthedeep19811982recessionandthe

fallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.

Tosurvive,theyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewages

oftheirleastskilled,leastmobileandyoungestworkers.

The“digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolution(computers)

foracomplexproblem(poverty).Withmorecomputeraccess,the

poorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesource

ofanyone'spovertyand,asforescaping,whatpeopledofor

themselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem.

Itisgenerallybelievedthatthedigitaldivideissomething

A.thatisresponsibleforeconomicinequalities.

B.deemedtobepositiveinpovertyrelief.

C.thatresultsfromfallingcomputerprices.

D.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet.

2、

Accordingtotheauthor,thenotionthatcomputersaretoblame

forthewagegapis

A.quiteinsightful.

B.verycontradictory.

C.rathershallow.

D.fairlyilluminating.

3、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheopinionheldbyCardand

DiNardoisoneof

A.reservedconsent.

B.strongdisapproval.

C.slightcontempt.

D.enthusiasticsupport.

4、

Theauthorseemstobelievethatwidenedwagegapcanbe

attributedto

A.theimpactofcomputersonroutinework.

B.thedelayedeffectsintheearly1980s.

C.thecomplexityofpovertyproblem.

D.thenarrowingofthedigitaldivide.

5、

Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextis

A.toadvocatetheeliminationofpoverty.

B.tojustifytheinfluenceofthedigitaldivide.

C.todemocratizecomputeraccesstoday.

D.toexposethemythsofthedigitaldivide.

6、TheTuscantownofVinci,birthplaceofLeonardoandhome

toamuseumofhismachines,shouldfittinglyputonashowof

thetelevision-robotsculpturesofNamJunPaik.This

Korean-bornAmericanartistandtheRenaissancemasterare

kindredspirits:Leonardosawhumanisticpotentialinhis

scientificexperiments,Mr.Paikendeavorstoharnessmedia

technologyforartisticpurposes.Apioneerofvideoartinthe

late1960s,hetreatstelevisionasaspaceforartimagesand

asmaterialforrobotsandinteractivesculptures.

Mr.Paikwasnotalone.Heandfellowartistspickedonthevideo

camerasbecausetheyofferedaneasywaytorecordtheir

performanceart.Now,tomarkvideoart'scomingofage,New

York'sMuseumofModernArtislookingbackattheirefforts

inafilmseriescalled"TheFirstDecade”.Itcelebratesthe

earlydaysofvideobyscreeningthearchivesofElectronicArts

Intermix(EAI),oneoftheworld'sleadingdistributorsof

videoandnewmediaart,founded30yearsago.

OneofEAI'smostfamousalumniisBillViola.Partofthesecond

generationofvideoartists,whoemergedinthe1970s,Mr.Viola

experimentedwithvideo'sexpressivepotentialHiscamera

exploresreligiousritualanduniversalideas.TheViolashow

attheDeutscheGuggenheiminBerlinshowsusmoving-image

frescoesthatcoverthegallerywallsandenveloptheviewer

inall-embracingcyclesoflifeanddeath.

OnenewstarisaCalifornian,DougAitken,whotookover

London'sSerpentineGallerylastOctoberwithaninstallation

called"NewOcean”.SomesayMr.AitkenistovideowhatJackson

Pollockwastopainting.Hedripshisimagesfromfloorto

ceiling,creatingsequencesofroomsinwhichthespace

surroundstheviewerinhallucinatoryimages,ofsoundand

light.

AttheSerpentine,Mr.Aitkencreatedacollageofmovingimages,

onthethemeofwater'sflowaroundtheplanetasaforceof

life."Iwantedtocreateanewtopographyinthiswork,aliquid

image,toshowaworldthatneverstandsstill,“hesays.The

boundarybetweenthephysicalworldandtheworldofimagesand

information,hethinks,isblurring.

Theinterplayofillusionandreality,soundandimage,

referencestoarthistory,politics,filmandtelevisionin

thisartform,thatisbarely30yearsoldcanmakevideoart

difficulttodefine.Manycallitfilm-basedormoving-image

arttoincludeartistswhoworkwithothercinematicmedia.At

itsbest,theappealofvideoartliesinitsversatility,its

powertocapturethepassingoftimeandonitsabilityto

communicatebothinsideandoutsidegallerywalls.

ThebirthplaceofLeonardoismentionedinthetext

A.tointroducethetopicofvideoarttechnology.

B.topaytributetothisRenaissancemaster.

C.tohonorhiscontributiontoscientificdiscoveries.

D.tooutlinethedevelopmentofarttelevision.

7、

Towardthenovelliteraryidea,theauthor%attitudeseemsto

bethatof

A.disapproval.

B.neutrality.

C.appreciation.

D.suspicion.

8、

Aspointedoutinthetext,thevideoarttechnologyis

characterizedbyits

A.humaningenuity

B.complexdefinition.

C.strongappeal.

D.extremeinteractivity.

9、

ThevideoscreatedbyDoughAitkenisusedtoshowa

combinationof

A.televisionandrobotics.

B.illusionandreality.

C.sculpturesandpaintings.

D.spaceandplanets.

10、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewGenerationofArtists.

B.VideoArtisGoingNowhere.

C.ACradleofFamousArtists.

D.NewArtfortheMTVGeneration.

11、ThetitleofthebiographyTheAmericanCivilWarFighting

fortheLadycouldhardlybemoreprovocative.ThomasKeneally,

anAustralianwriter,isunapologetic.Inlabelingaheroof

theAmericancivilwaranotoriousscoundrelheswitchesthe

spotlightfromthebraveactionsofDanSicklesatthebattle

ofGettysburgtohisearlierpre-meditatedmurder,ofthelover

ofhisyoungandprettyItalian-Americanwife,Teresa.Itis

notthemurderitselfthatdisgustsMr.KeneallybutSickles's

treatmentofhiswifeafterwards,andhowhisbehavior,

mirroredthehypocriticalmisogynyof19th-centuryAmerica.

Themurdervictim,PhilipBartonKey,TeresaSickles'slover,

camefromafamousoldsouthernfamily.Hewasthenephewof

thechiefjusticeoftheAmericanSupremeCourtandthesonof

thewriterofthecountry，snationalanthem.Sickles,aTammany

Hal1politicianinNewYorkturnedDemocraticcongressmanin

Washington,shotKeydeadin1859atacornerofLafayette

Square,withinshoutingdistanceoftheWhiteHouse.Butthe

murdertrialwasmelodramatic,evenbythestandardsoftheday.

Withthehelpofeightlawyers,Sickleswasfoundnotguilty

afterusingthenovelpleaoftemporaryinsanity”.Thecountry

atlargewasjustasforgiving,viewingKey'smurderasa

gallantcrimeofpassion.Withinthreeyears,Sickleswasa

generalontheUnionistsideintheAmericancivilWarand,as

anewfriendofAbrahamandMaryLincoln,afrequentsleepover

guestattheWhiteHouse.

Mrs.Sickleswaslessfortunate.Shewasshunnedbyfriendsshe

hadmadeasthewifeofarisingpolitician.Herhusband,a

serialadultererwhosemanymistressesincludedQueen

IsabellallofSpainandthemadamofanindustrializedNewYork

whorehouse,refusedtobeseeninhercompany.Laura,the

Sickles'sdaughter,wasaninnocentvictimofherfather's

vindictivenessandeventuallydiedofdrinkintheBowery

districtofNewYork.

Sickles5sboldactionsatGettysburgare,intheirownway,just

ascontroversial.Argumentcontinuestorageamongscholars,

astowhetherhehelpedtheUniontovictoryornearlycaused

itsdefeatwhenhemovedhisforcesoutoflinetooccupywhat

hethoughtwasbetterground.JamesLongstreet,theConfederate

generalwholedtheattackagainstthenewposition,wasinno

doubtaboutthebrillianceofthemove.

Mr.Keneallyisbetterknownasanovelist.Hereheshows

himselfjustasadeptatbiography,andachievesbothhismain

aims.HerestoresthereputationofTeresaSickles,“this

beautiful,pleasantandintelligentgirl”,andbreathesful1

andcontroversiallifeintoafamousmilitaryengagement.

Keneally'sbiographyisintendedmainlyto

A.launchasurpriseattackonDemocraticcongressman.

B.showsympathyforanabusedbutreputedlady,Teresa.

C.cursebitterlyatthehypocrisyofnotoriousheroes.

D.exposethetruecharacterofacivilwargeneral.

12、

TheauthorisoftheopinionthatKeneally，sperspectivesare

A.insightful.

B.superficial.

C.biased.

D.skeptical.

13、

ThecaseofMrs.Sickles'unfortunatestoryismentionedto

illustrate

A.Key'smurdersolelyasagallantcrimeofpassion.

B.thecontroversyraisedoveranotorioushero,Sickles.

C.thebrillianceofstrategiesasdisplayedbySickles.

D.thehypocriticalmisogynyof19th-centuryAmerica.

14、

ItisgenerallybelievedthatSicklesshotKey,theloverof

hiswife,

A.topromotehispopularity.

B.outofanuncontrollableimpulse.

C.torevengehisopponents.

D.inviewofthelady'sreputation.

15、

Thistextappearstobeadigestof

A.ahistorytextbook.

B.amagazinefeature.

C.abookreview.

D.anewspapereditorial.

16、Inascience-fictionmoviecalled/，Species，/,amysterious

signalfromouterspaceturnsouttodescribethegenomeofan

unknownorganism.Whentheinevitablemadscientist

synthesizestheDNAdescribedbytheinstructions,thecreature

hebreedsfromitturnsouttoresembleNatashaHenstridge,an

athleticactress.Unfortunately,thealienharborswithinher

delicateform,thedestructivepowersofaPanzerdivision,and

itallendsbadlyfortherashgeneticistandhislaboratory.

GlenEvans,chiefexecutiveofEgeaBiosciencesinSanDiego,

California,acknowledgesregretfullythatdespiteseekinghis

expertopinion一inreturnforwhichhewaspresentedwiththe

posterofthestrikingMr.Henstridgethathangsonhisoffice

wall一theproducersof"Species“didnothewverycloselyto

hissuggestionsaboutthefeasibilityoftheirscript,ideas.

Still,theyhadcometotherightman.DrEvansbelievesthat

hisfirmwillsoonbeabletocreate,ifnotanaliensuccubus,

atleastatinybiologicalmachinemadeofartificialproteins

thatcouldmimicthebehavior,ofalivingcell.

Makingsuchproteinswillrequiretheabilitytosynthesize

longstretchesofDNA.ExistingtechnologyforsynthesizingDNA

canmanagetomakegenesthatencodeafewdozenaminoacids,

butthisistooshorttoproduceanyinterestingproteins.

Egea'stechnology,bycontrast,wouldallowbiologiststo

manufacturegeneswholesale.Thefirm'sscientistscanmake

geneslongenoughtoencode6,000aminoacids.Theyaimto

synthesizeagenefor30,000aminoacidswithintwoyears.

Usingalibraryoftheroughly1,500possible"motifs"orfolds

thataproteincanadopt,Egea'sscientistsemploycomputers

todesignnewproteinsthatarelikelytohavedesirableshapes

andproperties.TosynthesizetheDNAthatencodesthese

proteins,Egeausesamachineithasdubbedthe”

AsEgeaextendsthelengthofDNAitcansynthesize,Dr.Evans

likensthisdevicetoawordprocessorforDNA,onwhichyou

cantypeinthesequenceoflettersdefiningapieceofDNAand

getthatmoleculeout.

AsEgeaextendsthelengthofDNAitcansynthesize,Dr.Evans

envisagesencodingnotjustproteins,butentirebiochemical

pathways,whichareteamsofproteinsthatconductmetabolic

processes.Acollectionofsuchmoleculescouldconceivably

functionasaminiaturemachinethatwouldoperateinthebody

andattackdisease,justasthebody'sowndefensivecellsdo.

PerhapsDr.Evansandhiscolleaguesoughttogetintouchwith

theirfriendsinHollywood.

Thispassageismainly

A.aboutanewapplicationofcomputers.

B.areviewofascience-fictionmovie.

C.aboutthesynthesizinginterestingDNA.

D.asurveyofscientificbreakthroughs.

17、

Theexpression"hewverycloselyto“canbebestreplacedby

A.shedlighton.

B.adherestrictlyto.

C.stayawayfrom.

D.giveplayto.

18、

TheDNAdesignedbyEvan'stechnologydiffersstrikinglyfrom

thatsynthesizedbyexistingtechnologyinthattheformeris

characterizedbyits

A.desirableshapeandlength.

B.imitationofalivingcell.

C.delicatebutdestructivepower.

D.resistancetoepidemics.

19、

ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesynthesizingDNA

technologyshouldbeused

A.extravagantlyandfreely.

B.flexiblyandexcessively.

C.reasonablyandcautiously.

D.openlyandvigorously.

20、

ElenEvans'technologyofnewproteindesignmayproveuseful

A.inathletictrainingprograms.

B.infilmmakingspectacles.

C.insoftwareprogramming.

D.inmedicaltreatments.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E、F、G....)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

InFrance,asinmanyEuropeancountries,friendsgenerallyarc

ofthesamesex,andfriendshipisseenasbasicallya

relationshipbetweenmen.(41).

AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendship

betweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationship

withinagroup一menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherfora

longtime,whomaybeveryclose,sharinggreatloyaltyand

warmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother—copains—aword

thatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof

"pals"or"buddies”.InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendship,

althoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.

FortheFrench,friendshipisoneto-onerelationshipthat

demandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson'sintellect,

temperamentandparticularinterests.(42).

Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepth,appreciationof

aplaybecomessharper,tasteinfoodorwineisenhanced,

enjoymentofasportisintensified.

AndFrenchfriendshipsaredividedintocategories.Amanmay

playchesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghis

politicalopinion,orhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforalong

timewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriends

filldifferentnichesineachperson'slife.(43).These

duties,alsoseriousandrequired,areprimarilyforrelatives.

Menwhoarefriendsmaymeetinacafe.Intellectualfriends

maymeetinlargegroupsforeveningsofconversation.Working

peoplemaymeetatthelittlebistrowheretheydrinkandtalk,

farfromthefamily.(44).

InthepastinFrance,friendshipsofthiskindseldomwereopen

toanybutintellectualwomen.(45).Thespecial

relationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvalue

mostonthemind,onhavingthesameoutlook,onvivida

awarenessofsomechosenareaoflife.

A.Thesefriendshipsarenotmadepartoffamilylife.Afriend

isnotexpectedtospendeveningsbeingnicetochildrenor

courteoustoadeafgrandmother.

B.AFrenchmanexplains,“IfIweretosaytoyouinFrance,

,Thisismygoodfriend',thatpersonwouldnotbeascloseto

meassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly,'Thisismyfriend.(Anyone

aboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless.”

C.Sincemostwomen,slivescenteredontheirhomes,their

warmestrelationswithotherwomenoftenwentbacktotheir

girlhood.

D.Marriagedoesnotaffectsuchfriendship;wivesdon'thave

tobetakenintoaccount.

E.Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan,tbefriends”,

buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"itisadifferent

thing”.

F.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthe

similarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementand

sharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.

G.Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualities,

withwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendship

drawsupon.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Radiationoccursfromthreenaturalsources,radioactive

materialintheenvironment,suchasinsoil,rock,orbuilding

materials;cosmicrays;andsubstancesinthehumanbody,such

asradioactivepotassiuminboneandradioactivecarbonin

tissues.Thesenaturalsourcesaccountforanexposureofabout

100millionayearfortheaverageAmerican.

Thelargestsinglesourceofman-maderadiationinmedical

X-rays,yetmostscientistsagreethathazardsfromthissource