Architecture 古希臘古羅馬建筑英文版

A

Brief

introduction

of

ancientGreek&RomanAncientGreekArchitecture

(BC800-AD300)Specific

dimensionalcomposition特定的平面構成Most

ofthe

architectures

are

rectangular(onascale

of

1:1.618

or

1:2)in

shape,

essentiallyconsistedof ahall

surrounded

by

columns.（平面構成為1:1.618或1:2的矩形，中央是廳堂，大殿殿，周圍是柱子，可統(tǒng)稱為環(huán)柱式建筑））Threefamouskindsof

columns/orders(柱式）:Decorationofdepiment(山花墻裝飾）Corinthian

Column（科林斯式）Ionic

Column（愛奧尼克式）Doric

Column（陶立克）陶立克柱式形態(tài)簡潔，其柱高是直徑的6倍，雄健威武，向征男性美；愛奧尼柱式纖巧修長，柱高是直徑的8~9倍，柱頭用卷渦裝飾，富有曲線美，象征女性美。科林斯柱式形態(tài)更復雜、更修長，上部是藤蔓似的卷渦，下面是曼妙的花紋，更具女性美。The

Donic

style

is

simple

and

itreveals

the

males’

strength.LincolnMemorial

is

in

the

formofaGreekDorictemple.林肯紀念堂It

isalways

decoratedwithspiral（螺旋形的）orvolute（渦形的）

ornaments.It’s

slim

andmuch

more

likea

gentleandgraceful

younglady.Templeof

Athena

Nike勝利女神神廟女神廊柱（Erechtheion伊瑞克提翁神神廟）Pediment（山花墻）Greek

temple

with

a

pediment(Sicily)The

pediment（山花墻）

isthetriangularplaceunder

theroofofaGreek

temple.

Eachtemplehas

two,one

on

the

front

and

one

on

theback.Atfirstpediments

wereprobably

plain,butsoon

the

Greeks

beganto

decoratepediments

withstonesculpture.

Oneoftheearliest

pediments,onthetempleofArtemison

theislandofGreek

temple

wiCthorafup,ehdaimsaensct(aSriycMilye)dusaon

it.Later

Greeksculptorsput

whole

scenes

onpediments,

usually

oneexciting

partof

a

well-knownmyth.Templeof

Artemis,

Corfu

(ca.580

BC)Templeof

Aphaea

at

Aegina

(ShowstheTheParthenon（帕特農神廟）has

the

storyofthebirthofAthenaon

oneside,and

thestory

ofAthena

andPoseidonfighting

to

bethe

maingodofAthenson

theother

side.TheParthenon（帕特農神廟）AncientRomanArchitecture(BC300-AD365)AncientRomanarchitectureadoptedcertainaspects

ofAncientGreekarchitecture,but

itdidcreated

lots

ofnewarchitecturalstyles.The

five

mainachievements

of

AncientRoman

architecture1.Ancient

Roman

Aqueducts(渡槽)2.Pantheon

萬神廟3.Publicbaths羅馬公共浴場4.Colosseum圓形大劇場5.SquareThe

Romans

constructed

aqueducts

tobringa

constant

flow

of

water

fromdistant

sources

into

cities

and

towns,

supplying

public

baths,toilets,fountains

and

private

households.

Wastewaterwas

removed

bythe

sewagesystems

and

released

into

nearby

bodies

of

water,

keepingthe

towns

cleanand

free

from

noxious

waste.

Someaqueducts

also

served

waterfor

mining,processing,

manufacturing,

and

agriculture.2.Pantheon

萬神廟Thedome(穹頂)structure

providedus

withlarger

space.The

Romans

basedmuchoftheirarchitectureon

thedome,suchasPantheon,whichis

the

highestrepresentativeof

Rome

architecturaltechnique.Pantheon(萬神殿）Dome3.Public

baths

羅馬公共浴場They

are

recreational

and

social

centerforRoman

citizens./f/201102/97a578a1-7ac7-4783-94ce-05cfbd0c87fa.shtml4.Colosseum圓形大劇場It

were

usedforgladiatorialcontests,

publicdisplays,

public

meetingsandbullfights,thelast

of

which

survives

in

Spain.Theyareamongthe

most

impressive

remainso