新概念第四冊(cè)課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記 Lesson8全套

新概念第四冊(cè)課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記：Lesson8【課文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。Whatmakestradingbetweenrichcountriesdifficult?ChickensslaughteredintheUnitedStates,claimofficialsinBrussels,arenotfittograceEuropeantables.No,saytheAmerican:ourfowlarefine,wesimplycleantheminadifferentway.Thesedays,itisdifferencesinnationalregulations,farmorethantariffs,thatputsandinthewheelsoftradebetweenrichcountries.Itisnotjustfarmerswhoarecomplaining.AnelectricrazorthatmeetstheEuropeanUnion'ssafetystandardsmustbeapprovedbyAmericantestersbeforeitcanbesoldintheUnitedStates,andanAmerican-madedialysismachineneedstheEU'sokaybeforeishitsthemarketinEurope.Asithappens,arazorthatissafeinEuropeisunlikelytoelectrocuteAmericans.So,askbusinessesonbothsidesoftheAtlantic,whyhavetwolotsoftestswhereonewoulddo?Politiciansagree,inprinciple,soAmericaandtheEUhavebeentryingtoreachadealwhichwouldeliminatetheneedtodouble-testmanyproducts.TheyhopetofinishintimeforatradesummitbetweenAmericaandtheEUonMay28th.Althoughnegotiatorsareoptimistic,thedetailsarecomplexenoughthattheymaybehard-pressedtogetadealatall.Why?Onedifficultyistoconstructtheagreements.TheAmericanswouldhappilyreachoneaccordonstandardsformedicaldevicesandthenhammeroutdifferentpactscovering,say,electronicgoodsanddrugmanufacturing.TheEU--followingfinecontinentaltraditions--wantsagreementongeneralprinciples,whichcouldbeappliedtomanytypesofproductsandperhapsextendedtoothercountries.From:TheEconomist,May24th,1997【Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)】slaughterv.屠宰fitadj.適合gracev.給...增光tariffn.關(guān)稅standardn.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)dialysisn.分離，分解;透析，滲析electrocutev.使觸電身亡eliminatev.消滅accordn.協(xié)議devicen.儀器，器械hammeroutv.推敲pactn.合同，條約，公約【課文注釋】1.Chickensslaughteredin...tograceEuropeantables.在這句話中引用了布魯塞爾官員的評(píng)論，卻沒(méi)有放在引號(hào)之中。這種方式常用語(yǔ)報(bào)刊文章，對(duì)讀者的直接影響更大。在claimofficialsinBrussels中，動(dòng)詞claim置于名詞前。2.slaughter，屠殺，殺戮。例句：Thousandswereslaughteredbytheinvadingarmy.數(shù)以千計(jì)的人被侵略軍殺害了。在運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽中，可以用slaughter表示慘敗。例句：Thetotalslaughterofthehometeamdisappointedallfans.主隊(duì)的慘敗讓所有球迷失望不已。3.itisdifferencesinnationalregulations...betweenrichcountries，是各國(guó)管理?xiàng)l例上的差異，而不是關(guān)稅阻礙了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間的貿(mào)易。這是一個(gè)it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型：Itis...that...(強(qiáng)調(diào)人或事物)/Itis...who...(強(qiáng)調(diào)人)。在通常情況下，去掉這個(gè)句型，句子依然是成立的——這是判斷一個(gè)句子是否為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要標(biāo)志。例句：Itwasmymotherwhofinallycalledthepolice.最終報(bào)警的是我母親。去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：Mymotherfinallycalledthepolice.意思沒(méi)有變，只是語(yǔ)氣減弱了。特別注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that/who不可省。4.put/throwsandinthewheelsof，阻礙，阻撓。例句：Theterroristattackputsandinthewheelsoftheongoingpeacetalk.恐怖襲擊阻撓了正在進(jìn)行的和平談判的進(jìn)程。5.So,askbusinessesonbothsidesoftheAtlantic,whyhavetwolotsoftestswhereonewoulddo?這是另一個(gè)沒(méi)有引號(hào)的直接引語(yǔ)的例子。注意whyhavetwo...do中的語(yǔ)序，這是非?？谡Z(yǔ)化的直接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序。6.hard-pressedIfyouwillbehard-pressedtodosomething,youwillhavegreatdifficultydoingit.做某事很困難。例句：Thisyeartheairlinewillbehard-pressedtomakeaprofit.今年，航空公司想要盈利很困難。7.applyto，適用于、應(yīng)用于。例句：Thelawsapplytoeveryoneirrespectiveofrace,creedorcolour.法律適用于所有的人，不分種族、信仰或膚色。applyfor，申請(qǐng)。例句：Don'tapplyforthatjob:you'reindangerofoverreachingyourself.不要申請(qǐng)那份工作，以免有不自量力之嫌。8.extendto，拓展至、延伸至，可表示空間、時(shí)間、范圍、領(lǐng)域上的延伸。例句：Itmightbepossibletoextendthetechniquetoothercropplants.或許有可能將該技術(shù)拓展應(yīng)用到其它作物的種植上?！緟⒖甲g文】布魯塞爾的官員說(shuō)，在美國(guó)屠宰的雞不適于用來(lái)裝點(diǎn)歐洲的餐桌。不，美國(guó)人說(shuō)，我們的家禽很好，只是我們使用了另一種清洗方式。當(dāng)前，是各國(guó)管理?xiàng)l例上的差異，而不是關(guān)稅阻礙了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間的貿(mào)易。并不僅僅是農(nóng)民在抱怨。一把符合歐洲聯(lián)盟安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電動(dòng)剃須刀必須得到美國(guó)檢測(cè)人員的認(rèn)可，方可在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上銷(xiāo)售;而美國(guó)制造的透析儀也要得到歐盟的首肯才能進(jìn)入歐洲市場(chǎng)。碰巧在歐洲使用安全的剃須刀不大可能使美國(guó)人觸電身亡，因此，大西洋兩岸的企業(yè)都在問(wèn)，當(dāng)一套測(cè)試可以解決問(wèn)題時(shí)，為什么需要兩套呢?政治家在原則上同意了，因此，美國(guó)和歐洲一直在尋求達(dá)成協(xié)議，以便為許多產(chǎn)品取消雙重檢查。他們希望盡早達(dá)成協(xié)