廣東省東莞市四校聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期12月期中英語(yǔ)試題（ 含答案解析 ）

2023-2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期期中考試四校聯(lián)考高一英語(yǔ)試卷考試時(shí)間：120分鐘滿(mǎn)分：150分注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考生號(hào)、試室號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類(lèi)型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分20分)第一節(jié)聽(tīng)力理解(兩段共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)每段播放兩遍。各段后有幾個(gè)小題，各段播放前每小題有5秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間。請(qǐng)根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中所給的選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.Whatisthemangoingtodothisevening?A.Gotoabookstore.B.Seeaplay.C.Stayatthehotel.2.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Acomedy.B.Astory.C.Amovie.3.Whatwillthewomando?A.Takethemtothetheatre.B.Bookticketsforthem.C.Thankthemanforthetip.聽(tīng)第二段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第4~5題。4.Whatdoesthemanliketodoafterwork?A.Playtabletennisandgolf,andgoforarun.B.Playtennisandgolf,andgofishing.C.Playtennisandgolf,andgoforarun.5.Howoftendoesthemanplaygolf?A.Aboutonceaweek.B.Aboutonceamonth.C.Aboutonceayear.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)取信息(共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)。根據(jù)題目要求，從所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容中獲取信息，填入答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為6-10的空格中。聽(tīng)錄音前，你將有10秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間，錄音讀兩遍。你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。When/WhatEighto’clockGotoschoolAt6BeginyourclassAt2:00pm.or3:00pm7OnThursdayWeneedtostaylongerfor8.Whatdoyoustudy?Westudy9,reading,math,gym.Wheredoyoueatlunch?Weeatinthe10.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAnimalsweretherealpioneersofspaceflight.Letuslearnaboutsomeanimalsthathavebeentospace.A.FruitfliesOnFebruary20,1947,theUnitedStatessentsomefruitfliesintospacetostudytheimpactthatcosmicradiation(宇宙輻射)mightpotentiallyhaveonastronautsinthefuture.Theychosefliesbecausetheyaregeneticallysimilartohumans.WhentheyreturnedtoEarth,thescientistsfoundthefliesalive,withnoevidenceoftheeffectsofradiation.B.MiceMicehavelongbeenusedtofindoutmoreabouthowspacetravelwillaffectthehumanbody.Infact,NASAhasrecentlypublishedastudyofmicehousedattheInternationalSpaceStation.Itshowsthatmicequicklyadapttomicrogravity(微重力)conditions.Theveryfirstmousewentintospacein1950,reachinganaltitudeof137km.However,unlikethefruitflies,themousediedwhentherocketbrokeintopartsduetoaparachute(降落傘)failure.C.DogsLaika,aRussianhomelessdog,wenttospaceonNovember3,1957.Shewaspickeduponthestreetsandwasthoughtsuitablebecauseshehadagentletemperament(性情)andbehavedwell.Thescientistsalsobelievedahomelessdogwouldbebetteratdealingwithdifficultconditionslikemicrogravitythanapetdog.Laikaisfamousforbeingthefirstanimaltoorbit(環(huán)繞……運(yùn)行)theEarth.However,sheneverreturned.D.SpidersIn1973,twogardenspiderscalledAnitaandArabellawereusedinanexperimenttoseeiftheycouldstillbuildwebsinspace.Bothspidersmanagedtobuildwebs,eventhoughthewebswereslightlyfinerthanonEarth.Thestudyshowedagreatdealabouttheeffectsofmicrogravityonmotorresponse(運(yùn)動(dòng)反應(yīng)).1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemouseastronaut?A.Itfailedtocomebackalive.B.Itcouldn’tsurviveinmicrogravityconditions.C.Itsgenesweresimilartohumans’.D.Itwasthefirstanimaltobesenttospace.2.LaikawaschosenbythescientistsforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.A.hergoodtemperament B.heridentityasapetdogC.herabilitytodealwithmicrogravity D.hergoodbehavior3.What’sthepurposeofsendingthetwospiderstospace?A.TocomparethequalityofwebstheymadeonEarthandinspace.B.Tostudytheimpactofcosmicradiationontheirsurvival.C.Toseehowfasttheycouldbuildwebsinspace.D.Toseewhethertheycouldbuildwebsinspace.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了動(dòng)物在太空探索中的歷史和作用?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)B.Mice部分中“However,unlikethefruitflies,themousediedwhentherocketbrokeintopartsduetoaparachute(降落傘)failure.(然而，與果蠅不同的是，當(dāng)火箭因降落傘故障而破裂時(shí)，老鼠就死了)”可知，老鼠宇航員沒(méi)能活著返回。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)C.Dogs部分中“Shewaspickeduponthestreetsandwasthoughtsuitablebecauseshehadagentletemperament(性情)andbehavedwell.Thescientistsalsobelievedahomelessdogwouldbebetteratdealingwithdifficultconditionslikemicrogravitythanapetdog.(她是在街上撿來(lái)的，因?yàn)樗郧闇睾停憩F(xiàn)得很好，所以被認(rèn)為很合適?？茖W(xué)家們還認(rèn)為，流浪狗比寵物狗更能適應(yīng)微重力等惡劣環(huán)境)”可知，流浪狗Laika被選中有三個(gè)原因：性情溫和、表現(xiàn)得很好、更能適應(yīng)微重力等惡劣環(huán)境。B項(xiàng)中的“她的寵物狗身份”這一錯(cuò)誤表述。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)D.Spiders部分中“In1973,twogardenspiderscalledAnitaandArabellawereusedinanexperimenttoseeiftheycouldstillbuildwebsinspace.(1973年，兩只名叫安妮塔和阿拉貝拉的花園蜘蛛被用于一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，看看它們是否還能在太空中織網(wǎng)。)”可知，把兩只蜘蛛送上太空的目的是為了看它們能否能在太空中織網(wǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。BAsachild,therewasnothingIlikedbetterthanSundayafternoonsatmygrandfather’sfarminwesternPennsylvania.Surroundedbymilesofstonewalls,thehouseandfieldprovidedendlesshoursoffunforacitykidlikeme.Sincemyfirstvisittothefarm,Ihadwantedmorethananythingtobeallowedtoclimbthestonewallssurroundingthehouses.Myparentswouldneveragreebecausethewallsweresooldthatsomestoneswerelooseandfalling.However,myideatoclimbacrossthosewallsgrewsostrongthatfinallyIhadallmycouragetoenterthelivingroom,wheretheadultshadgatheredafterSundaydinner.“Iwanttoclimbthestonewalls.”Isaid.“Heavens,no!You’llhurtyourself!”TheresponsewasjustasI’dexpected.ButbeforeIlefttheroom,Iwasstoppedbymygrandfather’sloudvoice.“Nowholdonjustaminute.”Iheardhimsay.“Lettheboyclimbthestonewalls.Hehastolearntodothingsforhimself.”“Go,”hesaidtome,“andcomeandseemewhenyougetback.”ForthenexttwoandahalfhoursIclimbedthoseoldwalls—andhadthetimeofmylife.LaterImetwithmygrandfathertotellhimaboutmyadventures.I’llneverforgetwhathesaid.“Fred,”hesaid,smiling,“youmadethisdayaspecialdayjustbybeingyourself.Alwaysremember,there’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou,andIlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”Manyyearshavepassedsincethen,andtodayIhostthetelevisionprogramMisterRogers’Neighborhood,seenbymillionsofchildrenthroughoutAmerica.Therehavebeenchangesovertheyears,butonethingremainsthesame:mymessagetochildrenattheendofalmosteveryvisit.“There’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou,”thekidswillhearmesay,“andpeoplecanlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”4.Whydidthewriterenjoyhisvisitstothefarm?A.Therewereoldstonehouses. B.Hecouldexperiencenewfunthere.C.Hemissedhisgrandfatheralot. D.Hewasallowedtoclimbthewalls.5.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewriterfromthepassage?A.Hedidn’tknowthepossibledangerofthestonewalls.B.Hedidn’texpecthisparents’disagreementonwallclimbing.C.HebecameaTVprogramhostwithhisgrandfather’shelp.D.Hewasbackedupbyhisgrandfathertofollowhisheart.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sgrandfather?A.Adventurous. B.Open-minded.C.Kind-hearted. D.Dependable.7.Whichisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A.UnforgettableChildhood B.DoWhateverYouLikeC.JustBeYourself D.Likegrandfather,likegrandson【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要通過(guò)作者幼年的一件趣事，感悟到每個(gè)人都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，要敢于做自己【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asachild,therewasnothingIlikedbetterthanSundayafternoonsatmygrandfather’sfarminwesternPennsylvania.Surroundedbymilesofstonewalls,thehouseandfieldprovidedendlesshoursoffunforacitykidlikeme.(當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有什么比在賓夕法尼亞州西部祖父的農(nóng)場(chǎng)里度過(guò)周日下午更讓我喜歡的了。房子和田地被綿延數(shù)英里的蜿蜒石墻環(huán)繞著，為像我這樣的城市孩子提供了無(wú)盡的樂(lè)趣。)”可知，作者喜歡去農(nóng)場(chǎng)是因?yàn)樗梢栽谀抢矬w驗(yàn)到新的樂(lè)趣。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““Fred,”hesaid,smiling,“youmadethisdayaspecialdayjustbybeingyourself.Alwaysremember,there’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou,andIlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”(“弗雷德，”他微笑著說(shuō)，“你做了你自己，使今天成為一個(gè)特別的日子。永遠(yuǎn)記住，這個(gè)世界上只有一個(gè)人喜歡你，我喜歡真實(shí)的你。”)”可知，作者的祖父支持他遵從自己的內(nèi)心。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Iwanttoclimbthestonewalls.”Isaid.“Heavens,no!You’llhurtyourself!”TheresponsewasjustasI’dexpected.ButbeforeIlefttheroom,Iwasstoppedbymygrandfather’sloudvoice.“Nowholdonjustaminute.”Iheardhimsay.“Lettheboyclimbthestonewalls.Hehastolearntodothingsforhimself.”(“我想爬上石墻?！蔽艺f(shuō)?！袄咸欤?！你會(huì)傷到自己的!”大家的反應(yīng)和我預(yù)料的一樣。但在我離開(kāi)房間之前，我被祖父的大聲的聲音打斷了?！艾F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)稍等一下?！蔽衣?tīng)見(jiàn)他說(shuō)?！白尯⒆优郎鲜瘔?。他必須學(xué)會(huì)自己做事。”)”可推知，祖父贊成孩子學(xué)會(huì)自己做事，所以祖父是一個(gè)非常開(kāi)明的人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一句““There’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou,”thekidswillhearmesay,“andpeoplecanlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”(“這個(gè)世界上只有一個(gè)人喜歡你，”孩子們會(huì)聽(tīng)到我說(shuō)，“人們會(huì)喜歡真實(shí)的你。”)”以及結(jié)合作者與祖父之間的故事可知，本文主要圍繞著“敢于做自己”這一主題展開(kāi)，故C項(xiàng)“JustBeYourself.(做你自己)”概括全文，作為文章的標(biāo)題最合適。故選C項(xiàng)。CPeoplewilltellyoutheonlywaytoreallylearnalanguageistocompletelyimmerse(浸入)yourselfinacountrywherethatlanguageisspoken.Notalllanguagelearners,ofcourse,willhavetheopportunitytospendsometimeinanimmersionenvironment.Butifyoucan'tactuallyflyacrosstheworldtolearnanewlanguage,youcanalwayscreateanimmersionenvironmentwhereyoucantalktonativespeakers.That'swhereBabbelcomesin.Babbelisoneofthemostpopularlanguagelearningappsonthemarketforstudyingnewlanguagesatyourownpace.Theappemphasisesreal-lifeconversationalskills,soyouwon'tbestoppedbygrammaticalstructuresandverbpatterns.Andrightnow,youcanget15%offalifetimesubscription(訂閱)toBabbelLanguageLearning（$150;stacksocial.com）.Alifetimesubscriptionishugewhenitcomestogettingthemostoutoftheapp,sinceyou'llbeabletoreturntolessonstimeandtimeagainandbrushuponwhicheversectionortopicyoumightneed.Sohowdoesitallwork?First,you'llchooseoneofthe14languages.WhileBabbeloffersfamiliarlanguageslikeSpanishandItalian,italsoofferslesscommonlystudiedoneslikePolish,Indonesianandmore.Onceyoupickyourlanguage,you'llchooseawiderangeofreal-lifetopics.Eachcoursetakesabout10to15minutes,soyoucanpickoneuponthewaytowork,duringyourlunchbreak,orreallyatanypointyouhavesometimetokill.Beyondthis,Babbelincludesatonofadditionalfeaturestailoredtomakingsureyoulearnthelanguageinareal,practicalandaccurateway.Theappusesspeechrecognitiontechnologytomakesureyourpronunciationisaccuratecomparedwithhownativespeakerswouldsaycertainwords.8.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Theterrifyingexperiencesoftravelling. B.Theimportanceoflanguagelearningenvironment.C.Differentwaystolearnanewlanguage. D.Opportunitiestocommunicatewithnativespeakers.9.WhatcanweknowaboutBabbel?A.It'satoolforlearninglanguages. B.Itisdesignedinvarioustypes.C.Itfocusesmoreongrammarstructures. D.It'sthemostpopularappinthemarket.10.Whatshouldtheusersdofirsttolearnwiththeapp?A.Choosetheplacetolearnacourse. B.Pickthelanguagetheywanttolearn.C.Calculatethereadingtime. D.Chooseapropertopic.11.WhydoesBabbelusespeechrecognitiontechnology?A.Torepresentitsadditionalfeatures. B.Tomeettheneedsofnativespeakers.C.Tocomparedifferencesbetweenwords. D.Tomakethepronunciationcorrect.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一款名叫Babbel的學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用程序。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Peoplewilltellyoutheonlywaytoreallylearnalanguageistocompletelyimmerseyourselfinacountrywherethatlanguageisspoken.Notalllanguagelearners,ofcourse,willhavetheopportunitytospendsometimeinanimmersionenvironment.Butifyoucan'tactuallyflyacrosstheworldtolearnanewlanguage,youcanalwayscreateanimmersionenvironmentwhereyoucantalktonativespeakers.（人們會(huì)告訴你真正學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的唯一方法是完全沉浸在使用該語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家中。當(dāng)然，并不是所有的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者都有機(jī)會(huì)在浸入式環(huán)境中度過(guò)一段時(shí)間。但如果你真的不能飛越世界去學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言，你總是可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)沉浸式的環(huán)境，在那里你可以和母語(yǔ)人士交談。）”可知，此段主要闡述語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言是非常重要的。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Babbelisoneofthemostpopularlanguagelearningappsonthemarketforstudyingnewlanguagesatyourownpace.（Babbel是市場(chǎng)上最受歡迎的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序之一，可以根據(jù)自己的節(jié)奏學(xué)習(xí)新語(yǔ)言。）”可知，Babbel是一款學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用程序，即一種學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的工具。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“First,you’llchooseoneofthe14languages.WhileBabbeloffersfamiliarlanguageslikeSpanishandItalian，italsoofferslesscommonlystudiedoneslikePolish，Indonesianandmore.（首先，你要從14種語(yǔ)言中選擇一種。雖然Babbel提供西班牙語(yǔ)和意大利語(yǔ)等人們熟悉的語(yǔ)言，但它也提供波蘭語(yǔ)、印尼語(yǔ)等較少人學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言。）”可知，使用者首先要從學(xué)習(xí)軟件提供的14種語(yǔ)言中挑選一種自己想要學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theappusesspeechrecognitiontechnologytomakesureyourpronunciationisaccuratecomparedwithhownativespeakerswouldsaycertainwords.（該應(yīng)用程序使用語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)來(lái)確保你的發(fā)音與母語(yǔ)人士說(shuō)某些單詞的發(fā)音相比是準(zhǔn)確的。）”可知，Babbel用語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)來(lái)確保發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)確性。故選D。DDavidKatzwasunhappyaboutalltheplastic(塑料)goingintotheocean.Tohelpsolvetheproblem,hehadanunusualidea.MrKatzcallshisideathe“PlasticBank”.Inpoorcountries,peoplearealreadyworkingsohardjusttogetenoughfoodtoeat,tofindaplacetolive,andtokeepthemselveshealthy.Spendingtimeonrecycling(回收再利用)doesn’tmakesensewhenyou’resimplytryingtosurvive.ThepurposeofthePlasticBankistouseplastictohelpthesepeoplesolvetheproblemsthatworrythemthemost—food,shelter,andhealth.SoPlasticBankaddsavaluetoplasticwastebypayingpeopletorecycleit.Theprogrambeganin2015inHaiti,apoorislandnationthatdoesn’thavestrongprogramsforrecycling.Plasticisoftensimplythrownoutandendsupinriversandtheocean.ThePlasticBankhasopened30“markets”inHaiti.AtPlasticBankmarkets,peoplecantradetheplasticthey’vecollectedformoneyorotherthingstheyneed.ThePlasticBankmarketssellmanythingsthatlocalpeopleneed,suchascookingoilandheatingoil.Thestoresalsoallowplasticcollectorstousethemoneytheygettopayforhealthcareorschool.Forthosewhohavecellphones,PlasticBankcanputthemoneytheygetintoaspecialbankaccount(賬戶(hù))thattheycancontrolusinganapp.Thiskeepstheirmoneysafe.Tomakesuretheplasticgetsrecycled,thePlasticBankworkswiththosewhoagreetousetheplasticthatiscollected.Forexample,theBritishcompanyMarks&SpencerandtheGermancompanyHenkelarebothpayingmoretouserecycledplasticfromthePlasticBankintheirproducts.Whencustomersbuytheseproducts,whicharelabeled(標(biāo)記)“SocialPlastic”,theyknowthattheyarehelpingpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldandkeepingplasticoutoftheocean.ThePlasticBankhasprogramsinHaiti,thePhilippines,andBrazil.Sofar,thePlasticBankhaskeptabout7millionpoundsofplasticoutoftheocean.12.WhatmightmostHaitiansthinkofplasticwastebefore2015?A.Itwasharmful. B.Itwaspriceless.C.Itwasvalueless. D.Itwasrecyclable.13.WhatmakesthePlasticBanksuccessfulinHaiti?A.Thehighvalueofthelocalplastic.B.Thelocalpeople’sbasicneedsforlife.C.Thelocalpeople’scarefortheenvironment.D.Thegreatsupportfromthelocalgovernment.14.HowdoesthePlasticBankdealwiththeplasticwasteitcollects?A.Bystoringthewasteinitsspecialbank.B.Byusingthewastetoproduceoilandgas.C.Bysendingthewastetopoorcountriesforreuse.D.Bysellingthewastetootherswhomakeproducts.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Helpingthepoor. B.Cleaningtheocean.C.Collectingplasticwaste. D.Treatingplasticlikemoney.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)名為“塑料銀行”的項(xiàng)目，它在保護(hù)環(huán)境的同時(shí)，又為貧困人群的基本生活提供了幫助。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“Theprogrambeganin2015inHaiti,apoorislandnationthatdoesn’thavestrongprogramsforrecycling.Plasticisoftensimplythrownoutandendsupinriversandtheocean.(該項(xiàng)目于2015年在海地啟動(dòng)，海地是一個(gè)貧窮的島國(guó)，沒(méi)有強(qiáng)有力的回收項(xiàng)目。塑料通常被簡(jiǎn)單地扔掉，最終流入河流和海洋)”可知，在2015年回收項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)之前，海地人直接把塑料扔掉，最終流入河流和海洋。由此推知，2015年之前，大多數(shù)海地人認(rèn)為塑料垃圾沒(méi)有價(jià)值，所以才會(huì)扔掉。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段關(guān)鍵句“ThePlasticBankhasopened30“markets”inHaiti.AtPlasticBankmarkets,peoplecantradetheplasticthey’vecollectedformoneyorotherthingstheyneed.ThePlasticBankmarketssellmanythingsthatlocalpeopleneed,suchascookingoilandheatingoil.(“塑料銀行”在海地開(kāi)設(shè)了30個(gè)“市場(chǎng)”。在“塑料銀行”市場(chǎng)，人們可以用收集到的塑料換錢(qián)或其他他們需要的東西。塑料銀行市場(chǎng)出售許多當(dāng)?shù)厝诵枰臇|西，如食用油和燃料油)”可知，“塑料銀行”在海地取得成功，開(kāi)設(shè)了30個(gè)“市場(chǎng)”，因?yàn)椤八芰香y行”允許當(dāng)?shù)厝擞檬占降乃芰蠐Q錢(qián)或其他他們需要的東西，滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦幕旧钚枰Ｓ纱丝芍?，?dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦幕旧钚枰尅八芰香y行”在海地取得成功。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Tomakesuretheplasticgetsrecycled,thePlasticBankworkswiththosewhoagreetousetheplasticthatiscollected.Forexample,theBritishcompanyMarks&SpencerandtheGermancompanyHenkelarebothpayingmoretouserecycledplasticfromthePlasticBankintheirproducts.(為了確保塑料得到回收，“塑料銀行”與那些同意使用收集的塑料的人合作。例如，英國(guó)公司Marks&Spencer和德國(guó)公司Henkel都在支付更高的費(fèi)用，以便在產(chǎn)品中使用塑料銀行回收的塑料)”可知，“塑料銀行”把收集的塑料賣(mài)給那些同意在產(chǎn)品中使用這些塑料的人，以這種方式確保塑料得到回收。由此可知，“塑料銀行”把收集的塑料垃圾賣(mài)給其他需要用塑料生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的人。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀文章，結(jié)合第三段關(guān)鍵句“ThepurposeofthePlasticBankistouseplastictohelpthesepeoplesolvetheproblemsthatworrythemthemost—food,shelter,andhealth.(塑料銀行的目的是用塑料來(lái)幫助這些人解決他們最擔(dān)心的——食物、住所和健康問(wèn)題)”可知，文章主要介紹了一個(gè)名為“塑料銀行”的項(xiàng)目，它鼓勵(lì)人們收集塑料，并賦予塑料像金錢(qián)一樣的能力，允許人們用塑料換取生活必需品，以這種方式既保護(hù)了環(huán)境，又為貧困人群的基本生活提供了幫助。由此可知，Treatingplasticlikemoney(像對(duì)待金錢(qián)一樣對(duì)待塑料)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Allparentsknowthatyoungchildrenarealwaysenergetic,eagertorun,jumpandplay.Turningthatnaturalenergyintocompetitivesportscanhelpkeepkidsactiveandhealthyastheygrow.Competitivesportssuchassoccer，track，basketballandswimmingcanalsohelpkidslearnimportantlifelessonsaboutteamworkandfairplay.___16___.LearningHowtoCompeteJoininginsportsteacheschildrenandteenagershowtocompeteintherealworld.Astheygrowolder,they'llfacecompetitioninschool,intheworkforceandotherareasoflife.Butthesecompetitionsdon'thavetobenegative（負(fù)面的）orunhealthy.___17___.UnderstandingtheValueofExercise___18___.Inaddition，manychildrenwhoareactiveinsportsareencouragedtoeathealthierfoods，suchasfruitsandvegetables.ImprovingSelf-respectImprovedself-respectisanotherbenefitofcompetitiveyouthsports._____19_____.Evenwhenhedoesn'twin,hecanlearnavaluablelesson:thatyoucan'twineverytime.Losingwithhisteamcanalsoincreaseself-esteem,ashelearnstoholdhisheadhighandfeelproudfortryinghisbest.___20___Youthsportscanhelpstopnegativebehavior,suchasjoiningagang（幫派）,becausecompetitivesportsprovideawayofexpressingtheirenergy,friendshipandcontrolledattackingbehaviour.Teenswhohavepositiveinfluencesandfriendsfeellessofaneedtojoininriskybehaviors.A.ReducingRiskyBehaviorB.DevelopingCharacterValuesC.HerearethebenefitsofcompetitivesportsforyouthD.Ifyoutryyourhardest,youhaveabetterchancetosucceedE.Whenachildwinsagamewithhisteam,hefeelsrecognizedF.TakingpartincompetitiveyouthsportsburnscaloriesandhelpstokeepslimG.Playingsportscanhelpkidsunderstandhowcompetitionworksinafriendlyenvironment【答案】16.C17.G18.F19.E20.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了競(jìng)技體育對(duì)青少年三方面的好處?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文的黑體字“LearningHowtoCompete（學(xué)習(xí)如何競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）”以及“ImprovingSelf-respect（提高自尊）”可知，劃線(xiàn)句是提出競(jìng)技體育對(duì)年輕人有好處。C選項(xiàng)“Herearethebenefitsofcompetitivesportsforyouth”（以下是競(jìng)技體育對(duì)年輕人的好處）符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Joininginsportsteacheschildrenandteenagershowtocompeteintherealworld.（參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)教會(huì)孩子和青少年如何在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）”以及“Butthesecompetitionsdon'thavetobenegative（負(fù)面的）orunhealthy.（但這些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不一定是負(fù)面的或不健康的。）”可知，本段是講述競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)幫助孩子了解在健康環(huán)境下如何競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。G選項(xiàng)“Playingsportscanhelpkidsunderstandhowcompetitionworksinafriendlyenvironment”（做運(yùn)動(dòng)可以幫助孩子們理解在友好的環(huán)境中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是如何運(yùn)作的）符合題意，故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Inaddition，manychildrenwhoareactiveinsportsareencouragedtoeathealthierfoods，suchasfruitsandvegetables.（此外，許多積極參加運(yùn)動(dòng)的孩子被鼓勵(lì)吃更健康的食物，如水果和蔬菜。）”可猜測(cè)，本段是講述體育對(duì)孩子身體健康方面的好處。F選項(xiàng)“Takingpartincompetitiveyouthsportsburnscaloriesandhelpstokeepslim”（參加競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的青年運(yùn)動(dòng)燃燒卡路里，有助于保持苗條）符合題意，故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Evenwhenhedoesn'twin,hecanlearnavaluablelesson:thatyoucan'twineverytime.（即使他沒(méi)有贏，他也能從中學(xué)到寶貴的一課:你不可能每次都贏。）”可猜測(cè)，前后轉(zhuǎn)折，所以劃線(xiàn)句是描寫(xiě)孩子比賽贏的時(shí)候的收獲。E選項(xiàng)“Whenachildwinsagamewithhisteam,hefeelsrecognized”（當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)贏得一場(chǎng)比賽時(shí)，他會(huì)感到被認(rèn)可）符合題意，故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Youthsportscanhelpstopnegativebehavior（青少年體育可以幫助阻止負(fù)面行為）”以及“Teenswhohavepositiveinfluencesandfriendsfeellessofaneedtojoininriskybehaviors.（有積極影響和朋友的青少年覺(jué)得不太需要參與危險(xiǎn)行為。）”可知，本段是介紹體育可以幫助青少年減少危險(xiǎn)行為。A選項(xiàng)“ReducingRiskyBehavior”（減少危險(xiǎn)行為）符合題意，適合作本段標(biāo)題，故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。When12,Iknewmyteenyearswouldbethe___21___yearsofmylife.Iwasatotaloutsider,bullied(欺凌)atschool.Ifelt___22___aloneinmysmalltown.___23___,bydoingvolunteerworkwhen14,Iturnedmy___24___intoachancetohelpothers.Theopportunitytopracticekindnessmademefeelmylifehadagreater___25___.Themore___26___energyshared,themorekindnessandappreciationI___27___.Irealizedmypurposeinlifewouldbetohelppeople,especiallyteenagers,feellessalone.Booksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwasso___28___thattheauthorswrotethosebooks.The___29___theyofferedwiththeirbookssavedmylife.Mybiggestdreamwastobecomeanauthortowritebooksthatwould____30____otherteenagersasthosebookshelpedme.After____31____terribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Ichosetotakethepositiveroadinlaterstepsofmyjourney.Ihavebeenafull-time____32____ofteennovelssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreach____33____toreaderseveryday.Kindnesssavedme____34____Ineededhelpthemost.Smallactsofkindnesscanchangesomeone’slife.Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseis____35____.Butbypracticingdailykindness,youbecomeanarchitectofpositivechange.21.A.best B.worst C.calmest D.craziest22.A.completely B.obviously C.suitably D.amazingly23.A.Therefore B.However C.Besides D.Finally24.A.appreciation B.impression C.problem D.organisation25.A.strategy B.personality C.purpose D.style26A.formal B.suitable C.negative D.positive27.A.believed B.arranged C.received D.addicted28.A.confused B.obvious C.fluent D.thankful29.A.comment B.recommendation C.accommodation D.kindness30.A.help B.master C.honor D.rescue31.A.shocking B.surviving C.calming D.sharing32.A.author B.summary C.shelter D.volunteer33.A.away B.in C.for D.out34.A.when B.if C.although D.because35.A.workingout B.makingadifference C.goingthrough D.workingon【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.C25.C26.D27.C28.D29.D30.A31.B32.A33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者青少年時(shí)期時(shí)在學(xué)校里被欺負(fù)，感到很孤獨(dú)。然而，通過(guò)在14歲時(shí)做志愿者，他把自己的問(wèn)題變成了幫助他人的機(jī)會(huì)。實(shí)踐善意的機(jī)會(huì)讓他有了更大的目標(biāo)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：12歲的時(shí)候，我就知道我的青少年時(shí)期將是我一生中最糟糕的幾年。best最好的；B.worst最差的；C.calmest最冷靜的；D.craziest最瘋狂的。結(jié)合后文“Iwasatotaloutsider,bulliedatschool.”可知，作者認(rèn)為他的青少年時(shí)期是他一生中最糟糕的(worst)時(shí)期。故選B。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我完全是個(gè)局外人，在學(xué)校里被欺負(fù)。A.completely完全地；B.obviously顯然地；C.suitably合適地；D.amazingly令人驚訝地。結(jié)合上文“Iwasatotaloutsider”可知，作者在學(xué)校是個(gè)局外人，作者感到完全(completely)是孤身一人，很孤獨(dú)。故選A。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，通過(guò)在14歲時(shí)做志愿者，我把自己的問(wèn)題變成了幫助他人的機(jī)會(huì)。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Besides此外；D.Finally最后。結(jié)合前后文語(yǔ)境可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，然而(however)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，通過(guò)在14歲時(shí)做志愿者，我把自己的問(wèn)題變成了幫助他人的機(jī)會(huì)。A.appreciation欣賞；感激；B.impression印象；C.problem問(wèn)題；D.organisation組織。根據(jù)后文“intoachancetohelpothers”以及上文提到的，作者在學(xué)校是個(gè)局外人，感覺(jué)非常孤獨(dú)可知，是志愿者工作把遇到的問(wèn)題(problem)變成了幫助他人的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：實(shí)踐善意的機(jī)會(huì)讓我覺(jué)得我的生活有了更大的目標(biāo)。A.strategy策略；B.personality個(gè)性；C.purpose目的；D.style風(fēng)格。根據(jù)后文“Irealizedmypurposeinlifewouldbetohelppeople”可知，志愿者的工作讓作者的人生有了更大的目標(biāo)(purpose)。故選C。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：分享的正能量越多，我得到的善意和贊賞就越多。A.formal正式的；B.suitable合適的；C.negative消極的；D.positive積極的。結(jié)合上文“Theopportunitytopracticekindness”可知，作者分享的是正能量。故選D。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.believed相信；B.arranged安排；C.received收到；D.addicted使上癮。結(jié)合上文“Themore6energyshared”可知，分享正能量能夠獲得善意和贊賞。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我非常感謝作者們寫(xiě)了這些書(shū)。A.confused困惑的；B.obvious顯然的；C.fluent流利的；D.thankful感激的。結(jié)合后文“theyofferedwiththeirbookssavedmylife”可知，作者說(shuō)書(shū)救了自己的命，因此是感激(thankful)寫(xiě)書(shū)的作者。故選D。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們用他們的書(shū)提供的善意救了我的命。A.comment評(píng)論；B.recommendation推薦；建議；C.accommodation住宿；D.kindness善意。根據(jù)后文“theyofferedwiththeirbookssavedmylife”可知，這些書(shū)救了作者，說(shuō)明書(shū)籍給作者提供了善意(kindness)的幫助。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我最大的夢(mèng)想是成為一名作家，寫(xiě)一些能幫助其他青少年的書(shū)，就像這些書(shū)對(duì)我的幫助一樣。A.help幫助；B.master掌握；C.honor給……以榮譽(yù)，尊敬；D.rescue營(yíng)救。根據(jù)后文“otherteenagersasthosebookshelpedme”可知，作者想成為一名作家，像那些書(shū)幫助自己一樣幫助(help)其他青少年。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在經(jīng)歷了學(xué)校和家里的可怕經(jīng)歷后，我選擇在以后的旅程中走上積極的道路。A.shocking使震驚；B.surviving幸存；C.calming使冷靜；D.sharing分享。根據(jù)后文“terribleexperiencesatschoolandathome”可知，此處指作者從可怕的經(jīng)歷中“存活(survive)”下來(lái)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自2007年以來(lái)，我一直是青少年小說(shuō)的全職作者，我很感激每天都能有這個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)接觸讀者。A.author作者；B.summary總結(jié)；C.shelter庇護(hù)；D.volunteer志愿者。根據(jù)上文“Mybiggestdreamwastobecomeanauthor”可知，作者的夢(mèng)想是成為作家，所以此處指成為全職作家(author)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.away遠(yuǎn)離；B.in進(jìn)；C.for為了；D.out出去。根據(jù)第一段中“mypurposeinlifewouldbetohelppeople”可知，作者有了每天都可以幫助讀者的機(jī)會(huì)。reachouttosb.幫助某人。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：在我最需要幫助的時(shí)候，善良救了我。A.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；B.if如果；C.although盡管；D.because因?yàn)椤＝Y(jié)合前后文語(yǔ)境可知，此處為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)。故選A。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你永遠(yuǎn)不知道別人在經(jīng)歷什么。A.workingout解決；鍛煉；B.makingadifference產(chǎn)生影響；C.goingthrough經(jīng)歷；D.workingon致力于。根據(jù)上文“Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseis”并結(jié)合文章提到作者遭受的可怕經(jīng)歷可推知，此處作者想表達(dá)“你永遠(yuǎn)不知道別人正在經(jīng)歷什么”，gothrough意為“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性，在下面空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卷標(biāo)號(hào)為46-55題的相應(yīng)位置上。36.Theteachermade________clearthatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】it【解析】【詳解】考查代詞。句意：老師明確表示，我們的學(xué)分是來(lái)之不易的。分析句子可知，空處位于動(dòng)詞made后，固定結(jié)構(gòu)makeit+adj+todosth/that從句，it為形式賓語(yǔ)，句子真正的賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句，故填it。37.MyEnglishteacherhas________uniquewaytomakeherclassinteresting.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】a【解析】【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：我的英語(yǔ)老師有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的讓她的課堂有趣的方法。分析句子結(jié)合句子可知，空處位于uniqueway前，可知為冠詞，且表示泛指。unique“獨(dú)特的”，的首個(gè)音素為元音音素，故填a。38.Toour_________(amaze),Tom,whousedtobeaddictedtoonlinegames,isbeyerecognitionasheisconcentratingonhisstudiesnow.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】amazement【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：令我們驚訝的是，湯姆過(guò)去沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，現(xiàn)在正專(zhuān)心學(xué)習(xí)，他已經(jīng)面目全非了。分析句子可知，這里考查toone’samazement表“令某人吃驚的是”，為固定搭配。故填amazement。39."Wearelivinginadangerousmoment---an________(extreme)dangerousmoment---inAmericanhistory,"hetoldTheTimes.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】extremely【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：“我們生活在美國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻——一個(gè)極其危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻”，他告訴《泰晤士報(bào)》?？瞻缀骴angerous為形容詞，副詞修飾形容詞，所以空白處要用副詞extremely。故填extremely。40._____________(compare)tooursmallapartment,ouruncle’shouseseemedlikeapalace.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】Compared【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：與我們的小公寓相比，我們叔叔的房子就像一座宮殿。表示“與……相比”短語(yǔ)為becomparedto，此處省略be動(dòng)詞，用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句首單詞首字母要大寫(xiě)。故填Comp