高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(37)科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解

PAGE4-專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(三十七)[科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解(一)](限時(shí)：25分鐘)(一)DNAleftatacrimescenecouldbeusedinthefuturetobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface,whichwasrevealedtonight.AfirststeptowardsgeneticmugshotshasbeentakenbyresearchersintheUSwholinkspecificDNAmarkerswithfaceshapes.Toidentifythegenes,theyfocusedonknownmutations(突變)thatcausechangesofthefaceandhead.Normalversionsofthesegeneswerefoundtoinfluenceindividualfeatures.Forinstance,onegeneaffectedthelips,anothertheshapeandconfigurationofbonesaroundtheeyes,andathirdtheappearanceofthemid-faceandskull.Intotal,20geneshad“significanteffects”onfacialappearance.LeadscientistProfessorMarkShriver,fromthePennsylvaniaThescientistswroteintheonlinejournalPublicLibraryofScienceGenetics，“Suchpredictivemodellingcouldbeforensicallyuseful.Forexample,DNAleftatcrimescenescouldbetestedandfacescouldbepredictedinordertohelptonarrowthepoolofpotentialsuspects.Further,ourmethodscouldbeusedtopredictthefacialfeaturesofdescendants,deceasedancestors,andevenextincthumanspecies.Inaddition,thesemethodscouldprovetobeusefuldiagnostictools.”TheteamdevelopedamodelwhichfirstestablishedarangeofphysicalfaceshapesfrompeopleofmixedWestAfricanandEuropeanancestryfromtheUS,BrazilandCapeVerde.Measurementsweretakenofthousandsofpointcoordinatesongridsplacedover3-Dimagesofthefaces.Statisticalmethodswerethenusedtodeterminetherelationshipbetweenfacialdifferencesandtheeffectsofgenders,ethnicancestryandindividualgenevariants.1．Theunderlinedword“mugshots”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans“________”．A．differentfacesB．characteristicsC．picturesoffacesD．genders2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．DNAhasbeenusedtobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface.B．ItmaybemucheasiertocatchcriminalswiththehelpofDNA.C．Inall,20geneshad“significanteffects”onfacialappearance.D．Onegenecanaffectmorethanonepartofyourface.3．AccordingtoProfessorMarkShriver,weknow________.A．theycanmerelymatchtoanindividualoridentifyanindividualB．thereisapossibilityofgoingfromDNAtoafaceC．DNAcouldbeusedtoproducearoughimageofanoffender'sfaceD．thistechnologyismorereliablethancomputer-generated“E-fits”4．Whatisthemostpossibletitleofthepassage?A．CreatingadatabankofDNAB．RecognizingtheDNAofcriminalsC．PredictingthelocationsofoffencesusingDNAD．Buildingupanimageofanoffender'sfacefromDNA(二)TheextraordinaryEastgateBuildinginHarare,Zimbabwe'scapitalcity,issaidtobetheonlyoneintheworldtousethesamecoolingandheatingprinciplesasthetermitemound(白蟻堆)．ArchitectMickPearceusedpreciselythesamestrategywhendesigningtheEastgateThecomplexisactuallytwobuildingslinkedbybridgesacrossashady,glass-roofedatrium(天井)opentotheair.Fanssuckfreshairinfromtheatrium,blowitupstairsthroughhollowspacesunderthefloorsandfromthereintoeachofficethroughbaseboardvents(通風(fēng)口).Asitrisesandwarms,itisdrawnoutviaceilingventsandfinallyexiststhroughforty-eightbrickchimneys.Duringsummer'scoolnights,bigfansblowairthroughthebuildingseventimesA．B．C．D.11．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprostheticarmsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyareexpectedtofunctionaswellasnaturalones.B．Theyhavemanylargemotorscontrolledbyrobots.C．Theyhavehuman-likestrengthtocontroltherobot.D．Theyareconnectedwithhumanbrains.12．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutRoboSallyaccordingtoMrMcLoughlin?A．Itsoperatordoesn'tneedanyequipment.B．IthasbeenwidelyusedineverydaylifeintheUSA.C．Itcanworkinsituationswhicharedangerousforhumans.D．Ithasmademuchmoneyforthedesigners.

專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(三十七)【科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解(一)】(一)【文章大意】本文介紹了最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，未來(lái)可以通過(guò)DNA繪制人的臉，這些研究可以用于盡快地尋找嫌疑人，也可以用于識(shí)別人的父親和祖先。1．C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“DNAleftatacrimescenecouldbeusedinthefuturetobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface,whichwasrevealedtonight.”可知，第二段中提到的mugshots是指第一段提到的“人臉的圖像”，故選C項(xiàng)。2．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“‘…DNAleftatcrimescenescouldbetestedandfacescouldbepredictedinordertohelptonarrowthepoolofpotentialsuspects…’”可知，在DNA的幫助下抓住嫌疑犯可能更加容易，故選B項(xiàng)。3．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“LeadscientistProfessorMarkShriver,fromthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,said，‘WeuseDNA…Currentlywecan'tgofromDNAtoaface,orfromafacetoDNA,butitshouldbepossible.’”可知，ProfessorMarkShriver認(rèn)為從DNA到一張臉是有可能的，故選B項(xiàng)。4．D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“DNAleftatacrimescenecouldbeusedinthefuturetobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface,whichwasrevealedtonight.”可知，這篇文章介紹的是一個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：可以通過(guò)研究DNA繪制疑犯的臉。故選D項(xiàng)。(二)【文章大意】本文介紹了新型的建筑Eastgate。它比傳統(tǒng)的建筑省錢(qián)，因?yàn)椴恍枰b空調(diào)，它是利用天井和風(fēng)扇把外面的新鮮空氣吸到辦公室里面，這樣不僅空氣新鮮而且經(jīng)濟(jì)。5．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“TheEastgate'sownerssaved3.5millionona36millionbuildingbecauseairconditioningplantdidn'thavetobeimported.”可知，Eastgate比傳統(tǒng)的建筑便宜，因?yàn)樗恍枰b空調(diào)，故選B項(xiàng)。6．A代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段的“Fanssuckfreshairinfromtheatrium,blowitupstairsthroughhollowspacesunderthefloorsandfromthereintoeachofficethroughbaseboardvents(通風(fēng)口)．”可知，風(fēng)扇使新鮮空氣通過(guò)通風(fēng)口進(jìn)入，它上升變暖，最后通過(guò)煙囪從天花板被吸走，由此可知這里的it指“新鮮空氣”，故選A項(xiàng)。7．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，只有在一定海拔高度，并且白天氣溫31度而夜晚氣溫14度的條件才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，而紐約的天氣是夏天極熱而冬天極冷，即隨季節(jié)變化而不是隨天變化，故選D項(xiàng)。8．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Itisfoundthatthetemperatureofthebuildinghasgenerallystayedbetween23℃and25℃，withtheexceptionoftheannualhotperiodjustbeforethesummerrainsinOctoberandthreedaysinNovember，whenadoorkeeperaccidentallyswitchedoffthefansatnight.”可知，建筑物內(nèi)的溫度保持在23到25度，除10月與11月的三天雨季之外。所以這個(gè)系統(tǒng)一年的大部分時(shí)間都能用，故選B項(xiàng)。(三)【文章大意】本文介紹了一種新型的類(lèi)人機(jī)器人，介紹了“她”的外觀、功能和設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程，特別指出了這種機(jī)器人有像人一樣的手指，可以做很多人可以做的事情，而且，在一些危險(xiǎn)的情況下，“她”也可以發(fā)揮作用。9．A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的“Eachfingercontainsatinymotor,capableofsqueezing20poundsofpinchforce,enoughtodefuseabombunderthedirectionofanoperator.”可知，機(jī)器人的每個(gè)手指上都有個(gè)小馬達(dá)，能產(chǎn)生20磅的握力，足以在操作員的指導(dǎo)下拆掉炸彈，故A項(xiàng)正確。10．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“RohoSallyhastwo