專題02-介詞（原卷版）-新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)一遍過

考點(diǎn)02介詞（原卷版）【命題趨勢】 介詞也是高考必考點(diǎn)，每年都保持在一至兩個(gè)題目，命題形式除了語法填空外還在完形填空中進(jìn)行考查，其考點(diǎn)主要涉及常用介詞的用法區(qū)別，介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞等的常見搭配，介詞在特定語境中的選用和介詞短語的用法等?！局匾枷颉恳?、易混的介詞；二、常見的復(fù)合介詞；三、和介詞有關(guān)的固定搭配；考向一易混的介詞【典例】【2021全國甲卷語法填空】Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity______theTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).【易混的介詞提分秘籍】1．over，above，on，beyond表示“在……上”(1)over一般表示“在……的正上方”“在……垂直上方”，其反義詞是under；over還可表示在被覆蓋在物體的上面。如：①Heheldalargeumbrellaoverthegirl.他給女孩打著一把大傘。②Heputhishandoverhermouthtostopherscreaming.他伸手捂住她的嘴，不讓她叫喊。over還可表示“超過”，多用于年齡、時(shí)間、距離。如：ShestayedinLondonoveramonth.她在倫敦呆了一個(gè)多月。還可表示“在……期間”，相當(dāng)于during，whiledoing。①TheEnglishlanguagehaschangedoverhundredsofyears.英語發(fā)生變化有幾百年了。②Theywerehavingapleasantchatoveracupofcoffee.他們邊喝咖啡邊愉快地聊天。(2)above一般表示“在……的上方”，只說明物體間的上下關(guān)系，可能垂直，也可能不垂直。如：Aflywasflyingabovethetable.一只蒼蠅正在餐桌上飛。另外，above還可指在數(shù)量、重量、價(jià)格、費(fèi)用等方面超過或高于規(guī)定的數(shù)量或一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如：Theshelfshouldbesixfeetabovethelevelofthefloor.書架應(yīng)離地面六英尺。(3)on一般表示“在……上面”，通常指與物體的表面有接觸。Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有張圖。當(dāng)表示“陷入其中”時(shí)，我們也要用介詞in，盡管漢語表示“在……上”。如：①Thereisawindowinthewall.墻上有扇窗戶。②Thereisawellintheground.地上有口井。(4)beyond一般指超過界限、范圍、限度等。如：①I’mcurioustoknowwhatthereisbeyondthesea.我非常想知道大洋彼岸有什么。②Whyhediditisbeyondmycomprehension.我不能理解他為什么做這件事。③Thesituationwasgettingbeyondhiscontrol.他無法控制局勢。2．a(chǎn)cross，through，over，past都可表示“通過”(1)across指在某一空間內(nèi)從一端到另一端的表面穿過。如：①Theysailedacrosstheocean.他們揚(yáng)帆橫渡大洋。②Aplaneflewacrossthesky.一架飛機(jī)從空中飛過。(2)through指從人群或物體中間穿過，也可用于抽象意義上的通過：如：Carsarenotallowedtogothroughthecitycentre.禁止汽車在市中心穿行。(3)over是相對于位置的高低而言，強(qiáng)調(diào)“翻越”，也常表示跨過一段距離。如：Themanjumpedoverthewallanddisappearedamongthecrowd.那人翻過墻消失在人群中。(4)past表示“從……旁經(jīng)過”，表示動作發(fā)生在某物旁邊。如：Wewalkedpasttheshopthisafternoon.我們今天下午路過那家商店。3．a(chǎn)t，in，on均可表示時(shí)間(1)表示確切的時(shí)間用at，在非正式英語里，在(at)whattime這一短語以及用于句首的其他表示時(shí)間的短語中，通常可以省略at。(2)表示一天的上午、下午、晚上用in，即：inthemorning，intheafternoon，intheevening，但也有atnight(在夜里)，atdawn(在黎明)，atnoon(在中午)，atmidnight(在午夜)。如專指某一天的上(下)午、晚上，或要對某一天上(下)午、晚上加以描述，就用on，而不用in。如：ontheeveningofMay1(在5月1日的晚上)。(3)談到具體的某一天，用on，在星期幾前面，on可以省略(尤其在美語中)。如：①Imethimonacoldday.xk/w我在一個(gè)寒冷的日子里見到了他。②I’mseeingher(on)Sundaymorning.星期天上午我要和她見面。(4)周末和節(jié)日表示周末用attheweekend(英)或ontheweekend(美)；泛指圣誕節(jié)、復(fù)活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)時(shí)，都用at。但如果說假日中的某一天，就要用on。如：onEasterMonday復(fù)活節(jié)后的星期一。(5)說到星期、月、季、年、世紀(jì)等較長時(shí)間時(shí)，要用in。如：inaweek在一周內(nèi)；inMay在五月；in2004在2004年；inthe18thcentury在18世紀(jì)；inthefall/autumn在秋天。4．by，with，in，through都可表示“工具、手段和方法”(1)by表示“乘……(交通工具)”，也指“通過……(方法)”。表示方式，指抽象的或無形的手段時(shí)，其賓語一般是抽象名詞或動名詞；指具體的手段時(shí)，其賓語通常是表示身體某個(gè)部位、交通工具或通訊工具等的名詞，且名詞前不用冠詞。如：①Youcanmakethecakebymixingeggsandflour.把雞蛋與面粉混合，你就可以做出那種蛋糕。②CanIreachyoubytelephone?我可以用電話和你聯(lián)系嗎？(2)with表示“用……工具/手段”，一般接具體的手段或工具，不能接動名詞。如：Hesharpenedhispencilwithaknife.他用小刀削鉛筆。(3)in表示用的方法、工具、材料等。如：①Pleasewriteinink，notinpencil.請用墨水寫，不要用鉛筆寫。②Ipaidthebillincash.我用現(xiàn)金付賬。表示“用容器(之類的工具)”時(shí)，用in。如：Theycarriedearthinbasket.他們用籃子提土。(4)through表示“通過……途徑/方式/方法”，一般是指具體的或有形的手段，其賓語往往是具體的人或事物。如：①Wearrangedourholidaythroughanagent.我們通過一個(gè)經(jīng)紀(jì)人來安排我們的假日。②Hegotthechancethroughbeingascientist.由于是個(gè)科學(xué)家，他得到了這次機(jī)會。5．to，at，for，toward(s)都表示方向，“到……，向……，朝……”(1)toward(s)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的方向；to則兼指“到達(dá)”的含義，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如：①Isawherwalkingtoward(s)thecinema.我見她朝電影院走去。②Isawherwalkingtothecinema.我見她正朝電影院走去。(2)for常用在leave，start，setout，setoff，head，sail的后面，表示要去的目的地。如：TheyareleavingforNewYorknextweek.他們下周去紐約。(3)at常和throw，shout，shoot等動詞連用，表示目標(biāo)。常常含有仇恨的感情色彩。而to與這些詞連用時(shí)，僅僅表示方向。如：①It’snotpolitetoshoutatpeople.朝人大聲喊叫是不禮貌的。②WhenIcametothedog，itcameatme，Irushedawaywithfear.當(dāng)我走向這條狗時(shí)，它向我撲來，我嚇得拔腿就跑。6．besides，except，exceptfor，but都可表示“除……之外”(1)besides與exceptbesides表示“除了……之外(尚有)(賓語包括在內(nèi))”，表示肯定；另外，它還可以作副詞，有“再說”的意思，表示語氣的遞進(jìn)。except表示“除了……之外(賓語不包括在內(nèi))”，含有否定含義。如：①TherearefourpersonsbesidesTomtodothework，thefourofwhomareexpertatit.算湯姆在內(nèi)有四個(gè)人做這項(xiàng)工作。他們四個(gè)在這方面都在行。②TherearefourpersonsexceptTomtodothework，fourofwhomareexpertatit.不算湯姆，他們有四個(gè)人做這個(gè)工作。他們當(dāng)中的四個(gè)在這方面都在行。③Whoelsedoyouneedtohelpyoubesidesme?除了我以外，你還需要誰幫忙？④Sorry，Ican’tgowithyoutonight.It’sdark，besides,it’srainingheavily.對不起，我今晚不能和你一起去。天很黑，再說，還下著大雨。(2)except，exceptfor與exceptthat-clause它們都有“除了……”的意思，區(qū)別在于：except前后陳述的是同一類的東西。exceptfor前后所陳述的不屬同類，表示引述一個(gè)相反細(xì)節(jié)，對上一陳述起到修正說明的作用，exceptfor后接名詞和代詞。exceptthat-clause也是表示引述一個(gè)相反細(xì)節(jié)，對上一陳述起到修正說明的作用，后接賓語從句(注意賓語從句的連接詞的正確使用)。如：①Thereisnothingexceptadeskintheclassroom.教室里只有一張課桌。(desk和nothing屬于同一類)②Weenjoyedthepartyexceptfortheloudmusic.除了音樂嘈雜了點(diǎn)，我們在聚會上玩得很開心。(theloudmusic和theparty不屬于同類)③Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.＝Y(jié)ourcompositionisgoodexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes.除了幾個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤之外，你的作文很好。④Hegoestothelibraryeverydayexceptwhenheisnotwell.他除了身體不舒服以外，每天都去圖書館。(3)but作為介詞和except同義，通常用在no以及由no組成的合成詞或表示否定意義的詞后面，而except不受此限制。如：①Nobodyelsebut/exceptmecouldsolvethewordpuzzle.除了我，誰都不會解這個(gè)字謎。②Ihadnochoicebuttowait.我除了等待之外別無選擇。(4)butfor表示“要不是……”，用于虛擬語氣。exceptfor只起修正作用。如：Butforyourtimelyhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.Ican’tthankyoutoomuch.要不是你及時(shí)的幫助，我就不能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。我對你感激不盡。7．dueto,owingto,onaccountof,thanksto這幾個(gè)短語都可以作“由于，因?yàn)椤苯猓潜碓虻慕樵~短語。(1)dueto...有三個(gè)用法：作定語、表語和狀語；作狀語時(shí)可放在句首或句尾。如：①Themistakeduetocarelessnessisserious.由于粗心大意所造成的這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是嚴(yán)重的。②Duetodrivingathighspeedtheaccidentswerecommon.由于高速駕駛，交通事故很常見。③Hisillnessisduetobadfood.他生病的原因是吃了劣質(zhì)食物。(2)owingto...可作狀語、定語和表語。作狀語時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子，一般應(yīng)和句子的其他成分隔開，可放在句首、句中或句尾。如：①Theserviceispoorowingtoashortageofstaff.服務(wù)之所以差是因?yàn)楣ぷ魅藛T不足。②Sheisnow,owingtobadhealth,notsoactiveintheactivity.由于身體不好，她現(xiàn)在在活動中表現(xiàn)得沒有那么活躍了。(3)onaccountof...可作狀語和表語。作狀語時(shí)修飾全句，應(yīng)和句子的其他成分隔開，但有時(shí)也可不隔開。如：①Heresignedonaccountofage.他由于年邁而辭職。②Thatwasonaccountoflackofexperience.那是由于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)所致。(4)thanksto...只作狀語，比較正式，有感謝的含義，作“多虧”解，但有時(shí)也含有貶義。如：Thankstoyourhelp,weweresuccessful.多虧你的幫助，我們才得以成功?？枷蚨Ｒ姷膹?fù)合介詞【典例】【2021浙江卷6月語法填空】In1844theyboughtit______$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriageceremonyin1842.【常見的復(fù)合介詞提分秘籍】accordingto根據(jù)，按照，取決于asaresultof由于……的結(jié)果asfaras就……而論atthemercyof受……支配atthesightof一看到bymeansof用，依靠，借助于bywayof取道于……；途經(jīng)(＝via)bythewayof用……的方法becauseof因?yàn)?，由于dueto因?yàn)閕nadditionto除了……之外(還有)inadvanceof在……前面；比……先進(jìn)incelebrationof為慶?！璱ncaseof假設(shè)，萬一insearchof尋求；試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)inplaceof代替inneedof需要inchargeof對……負(fù)責(zé)；主管inthechargeof由……負(fù)責(zé)(表被動意義)inspiteof盡管；即使；雖然；不管intimeof在……時(shí)刻inastateof處于……狀況中incourseof在進(jìn)行中inthecourseof在……期間infavourof贊同；有利于inhonorof向……表示敬意，為紀(jì)念……inmemoryof為紀(jì)念……insteadof代替；而不是onaccountof因?yàn)?；由于owingto因?yàn)閠hanksto因?yàn)?；多虧underthenameof以……的名義undertheconditionthat在……條件下underthecontrolof在……支配下withnorelationto與……無關(guān)withtheviewof為了；以……為目的withinthereachof在……力所能及的范圍內(nèi)考向三和介詞有關(guān)的固定搭配【典例】【2020全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist______earth,MotherNature.【和介詞有關(guān)的固定搭配提分秘籍】1．名詞與介詞的固定搭配要求用to的名詞：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction要求用in的名詞：interest，satisfaction，expert要求用on的名詞：mercy，congratulation要求用其他介詞的名詞：prize(for)，respect(for)，victory(over)，struggle(with)2．形容詞與介詞的固定搭配要求用at的形容詞：angry，good，bad，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened要求用of的形容詞：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy要求用with的形容詞：angry，strict，busy，popular要求用in的形容詞：weak，strict，rich,interested，successful，slowxk.w要求用to的形容詞：next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，known，married，close，similar，due要求用for的形容詞：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry要求用from的形容詞：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired要求用about的形容詞：sorry，worried，anxious，careful，sure，certain1.【2021全國乙卷語法填空】Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes______tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:2.【2021浙江卷語法填空】Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased______2.1inwomenandmen.3.【2020全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso______thefamiliarnearside.4.【2020全國卷Ⅱ語法填空】Bambooplantsareassociated______health,abundanceandahappyhome.5.【2020新高考全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】Museumsmustcompete______people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.6.【2020浙江卷7月語法填空】Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived______,throughagriculture.7.【2020浙江卷7月語法填空】Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven______twofactors.8.【2019全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】Modernmethods______trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.9.【2019全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack______dogs，seventobeexact.10.【2019浙江卷6月語法填空】Theanswer______thisquestionisnotclear.11.【2018全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】Iwassearching______thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.12.【2018浙江卷6月語法填空】Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome______dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.13.【2018浙江卷11月語法填空】Onecupofcoffee______thelateafternoonoreveningwillcausethemtostayawakealmostallnight.14.【2017全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）______amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.15.【2017全國卷Ⅱ語法填空】Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand______work.16.【2017全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】______17.【2017浙江卷11月語法填空】Youwouldn'tthinkthatafewmonthsofexerciseinyourteenswouldbeenough______therestofyourlife,andthat'salsotrueforbuildingyourvocabulary--youhavetokeepatitdaily,andprettysoonyouwillfindthatyouhaveanexcellentvocabulary.18.【2017浙江卷語法填空】“ShethoughtIhadhurt______(I),”saysPahlsson.1.【重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三仿真】Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplanstoretire______her36-year-oldbusiness.2.【重慶市一中2021屆高三適應(yīng)性考試】Thanks______hiswayoftreating,manypatientsbegantogetbetter.Zhongfinallywonpeople'strust.3.【重慶市第八中學(xué)2021屆高三二診】TheChinesecalculator’snameis“suanpan”,butitisknown______“abacus”inEnglish.InventedbyLiuHong,abacusisoneofthesymbolsofChinesepeople’swisdomdatingbacktothe12thcentury.4.【遼寧省沈陽市2021屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】Theflowingwaterjoinsheretoformit.______average,theevaporation(蒸發(fā))thereismorethan60timesthatoftheannualrainfall.5.【遼寧百校聯(lián)盟2021屆高三質(zhì)監(jiān)】______Xionganaimingtobecomea"smart,greenandresidents-friendly"citythatfacesthefuture,theXionganRailwayStation,thelandmarkofthearea,resemblesamodelforsuchafuture.6.【湖南師范大學(xué)附中2021屆高三模擬】OnMarch2,whenthe27-year-oldChinesestriker(前鋒)helpedhisteamtoa3-1win______RealValladolid,WubecamethefirstplayerfromanAsiancountrytoscoreagoalinSpain'stopleague.7.【湖北省九師聯(lián)盟2021屆高三質(zhì)量檢測】However,theprettyprincessfellinlove______dancing.8.【湖北省八市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】WhileitisdeeplyrootedinChineseculture,Shanghaihasalsomoved______thetimesandbecomeamodernmetropolisFromdoingsportsandrunningonBundtotraditionalChineseartormodernWesternartmuseums,everyactivityisfeasibleinShanghai.9.【湖北省2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Therecoveryteamwoulddoaninitialprocessingofthecapsuleandthenuseaplanetotransportit______Beijing,whereitwouldbeopenedfortechnicianstoremovethecontainerholdinglunarsamples,thenadministrationsaid.10.【河北省張家口市2021屆高三一?！縉eweydeliverspizzasabout30hoursaweek.Hestartedthejobafterrealizinghecouldn'tlivejustonly______socialsecurity.11.【河北省衡水中學(xué)2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Whenthesun,moonandtheearthare______astraightline,therewillbeaneclipse,sothatthemooncompletelyblocksthesun.12.【河北省保定市2021屆高三模擬】______China’s“motherriver”,thepeaceandecologicalenvironmentoftheYellowRiverissignificanttothesustainabledevelopmentofChinesenation.13.【廣東湛江一中2021屆高三模擬】Becausehearinglossistypicallyconsideredahealthproblemfortheelderly,itisdifficulttoconvincealreadystubbornteenagersthattheyreallyaredoingdamage______theirears.14.【廣東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Asthe37．(three)solarterminthelunaryear,itsnamesuggeststhefactthatanimalssleepinginwinterareawakened39．springthunderandthattheearthbeginstocomebacktolife.15.【廣東省深圳市2021屆高三調(diào)研】The40-year-oldwoman,whousedtobeafarmerandhousewife,isnowadmiredinherhometown______hergreatsuccessinboostingsalesoffarmproduce.16.【廣東省六校2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Manyofusareturning______activitieslikeskippingwithanoldrope,orwatchingoneofthemany‘timesexperts’whoproduceexercisevideosonline.17.【廣州2021屆高三一?！縏heartofteaextendedtoitsfancycontainers,whichare______displayatthemuseum.Gracefullyroundedkettlesdateback5,000years;teabowlsfromtheTangDynastyhaveabeautifulsimplicity.18.【廣東省佛山市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】Manyathleteshadmixedfeelings______thedelay.19.【福建省廈門市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】InmanyAsian,AfricanandLatinAmericancultures,extendedeyecontactisimpoliteanditisthoughtof______anoffensiveorachallengeofauthority.20.【福建省龍巖市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】Bytrainingintensively,Liangbrokehisway______victoryandwonthe45thWSC．21.【福建省福州一中2021屆高三模擬】Thestudy'sDanishresearchersareconvincedthatchoosingthiskindofphysicalactivitycanrewardus______5to6moreyearsoflife!22.【福建省福州市2021屆高三一?！縏othisday,thephrase“thespiritofox”stillrefers______conqueringanythingthatmaypresentitselfasanobstacle.23.【重慶市育才中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】SureIhavegone______manyunpleasantphasesoflife,butwiththepositiveattitudeIwalkedthroughthemandlaterfoundal1thosephaseswereblessingsindisguise.24.【重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Hefirstbecameacquaintedwiththebirdfamilyafterherescuedtwochicksthathadfallen______theirnestinhisfrontyardfiveyearsago.25.【重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Ithastheabilityofheatinguptokeepthehighwayclear______snowandiceandisabletowirelesslychargeelectricvehicles.26.【山東省青島市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】TaiChiisanunusualformofmartialartswherewebelieve______buildingmentalandphysicalstrength.27.【山東省菏澤市2021屆高三模擬】Somepeoplesaythefirelastweekwasawake-upcall,notjust______Europe,butthewholeworld.28.【遼寧省遼陽市2021屆高三模擬】It'snotactuallyjustforgrandparents,butit'salsotogivegrandparentsanopportunitytoshowlove______theirchildren'schildren.29.【遼寧省遼西地區(qū)2021屆高三大聯(lián)考】Weusebicyclestodayforrecreation,fitnessandsoon.______thebicycle,muchoftheworldmightstopworking!30.【遼寧省葫蘆島市2021屆高三模擬】Theridelastsseveralminutes.Ittravelsfromthesecurityareatotheboardinggate______aspeedof3.5kilometersperhour.31.【江蘇省如皋市2021屆高三調(diào)研】Thisresultsintheaccidentalentry______foreignobjects.32.【江蘇省海安高級中學(xué)2021屆高三五調(diào)】In1995,Dr.MadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinaparktotestwhetheraddingregularlaughtertopeople’sliveswouldimprovetheirwell-being,Katariaalsointroduceddeepbreathingandsimpleyogamoves______theexercises.33.【江蘇省常州高級中學(xué)2021屆高三調(diào)研】Oncanvas(畫布),itseffectisclose______theartofChinesecalligraphy.34.【湖南省長沙一中2021屆高三四調(diào)】Iwasremarkablehowacommunitylostsomuchandwasstillabletorecover,andthisleftthedeepestimpression______thestudents.35.【湖北省宜昌市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Atopofficia