2023年考研外語沖刺密卷4

考研外語沖刺密卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1、SpaceShuttleProjectisoneofthefirsthuge-typed

spaceflightinstrumentsusedformanytimesintheworld,

organizedbyAmericanNationalAviationandSpaceflightBureau,

themainresearchesof[1]areresearchingandmakingthesystem

ofspaceshuttle,suggestingandchoosing[2]andlandingports,

decidingtheschemeofreclaimingtherollboosterofsolid

rocket,[3]theestablishmentofrepairingtherollbooster,

andrebuildingandexpandingthebuildingofthe[4]and

controllingsystem.

Atthebeginningof1969,theUnitedStatessetupagroupthat

speciallyresearchedthedevelopmentdirectionofspaceflight

with[5]forthenextstage,[6]bydeputypresident.After

[7]andresearch,itsuggestedthatanaerocraftwithgreat

benefitsin[8]shouldbemade,eg[9]thespaceflightbeing

itsleadingstanchion.Inthisproject,fiveorbitimplements

wereprescribedtobemade,【10]“Exploitation","Columbia”,

“Challenger","Discovery"and"Atlands”.

In1970,spaceflightgotintoanall-round[11]ofresearchand

manufacture.Thewhole-projecthadtodelaymorethanthree

years.Fiveorbitimplementswere[12]tobefourandflight

experimentforsixtimeswasalsodecreasedforfour,[13]

thenumberofproductionwascutdown,accordingtotheoriginal

scheme.InApril1971this[14]wasdecidedthatKennedySpace

Centrewasusedforthelaunchingandlandingportforspace

shuttles,andEdwardsAirBasewasusedforthe[15]landing

port.InFebruary1977,“Exploitation"OrbitImplementstarted

tohaveenteringandlandingexperimentsinEdwardsAirBase.

FromMay12,1981toJuly4,1982,“Columbia"Space

Shuttlesuccessful1yfinishedfourflightexperimentsforresearch

andmanufacture,[16]meantthatthe[17]andmanufactureswere

overin[18]form.

It[19]about12yearsandcostmorethan75billionUSdollars

tofinishthewholeproject.OnNovember11,1990,space

shuttlesbegantoflyfor[20].

(1)

A.what

B.which

C.where

D.that

2、⑵

A.labeling

B.hauling

C.hawking

D.launching

3、(3)

A.building

B.breaching

C.breeding

D.bugging

4、(4)

A.obscuring

B.rejecting

C.observing

D.refining

5、(5)

A.people

B.member

C.man

D.person

6、(6)

A.led

B.deprived

3

C.leaked

D.diluted

7、⑺

A.weapon

B.investigation

C.wisdom

D.irritation

8、(8)

A.economics

B.finance

C.accounting

D.economy

9、(9)

A.in

B.with

C.by

D.through

10、(10)

A.modified

B.propelled

C.named

D.provoked

4

IK(11)

A.conviction

B.stage

C.context

D.stand

12、(12)

A.dedicated

B.boosted

C.browsed

D.decreased

13、(13)

A.as

B.if

C.though

D.once

14、(14)

A.parallel

B.outfit

C.programme

D.outlet

15、(15)

A.uniform

目5

B.spark

C.unity

D.spare

16、(16)

A.whereas

B.what

C.whether

D.which

17、(17)

A.resolution

B.renaissance

C.researches

D.resemblance

18、(18)

A.due

B.sober

C.drastic

D.feeble

19、(19)

A.spent

B.took

C.consumed

目6

D.absorbed

20、(20)

A.commerce

B.business

C.trade

D.transaction

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Peoplehavegoodreasontocareaboutthewelfareofanimals.

EversincetheEnlightenment,theirtreatmenthasbeenseenas

ameasureofmankind,shumanity.Itisnocoincidencethat

WilliamWilberforceandSirThomasFoxwellBuxton,twoleaders

ofthemovementtoabolishtheslavetrade,helpedfoundthe

RoyalSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimalsinthe

1820s.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplegofurther:mankindhas

adutynottocausepaintoanimalsthathavethecapacityto

suffer.Bothviewshaveledpeoplegraduallytoextend

treatmentoncereservedformankindtootherspecies.

Butwheneverydaylivesaremeasuredagainstsuchprinciples,

theyarefraughtwithcontradictions.Thosewhowouldnever

dreamofcagingtheircatsanddogsguzzlebaconandeggsfrom

ghastlyfactoryfarms.Theabattoirandthecattletruckare

secretplacessafelyhiddenfromthemeat-eater'sgazeandthe

child，sstorybook.Plentyofpeoplewhodenouncethefur-trade

(muchofwhichisfromfarmedanimals)quitehappilywear

leather(alsofromfarmedanimals).

Perhapstheinconsistencyisunderstandable.Afterhundredsof

yearsofthinkingaboutit,peoplecannotagreeonasystemof

rightsforeachother,sothegroundisboundtogetshakier

stillwhenanimalsareincluded.Thetroubleisthatconfusion

andcontradictionopenthewaytotheextremist.Andbecause

scientificresearchisremotefrommostpeople(slives,itis

particularlyvulnerabletotheircampaigns.

Infact,scienceshouldbethelasttarget,whereveryoudraw

theboundariesofanimalwelfare.Foronething,thereisrarely

analternativetousinganimalsinresearch.Iftherewere,

scientistswouldgraspit,becauseanimalresearchisexpensive

andencircledbyregulations.Animalresearchisalsofora

higherpurposethanafullbellyoranelegantoutfit.Theworld

needsnewmedicinesandsurgicalproceduresjustasitneeds

theunknowablefruitsofpureresearch.

Andscienceis,byandlarge,kindtoitsanimals.Thecouple

不_____Q

q8

ofmillion(mainlyratsandmice)thatdieinBritain,s

laboratoriesarefarbetterlooked-afterandfarmorehumanely

killedthanthebillionorso(mainlychickens)onBritain's

farms.Indeed,ifDarleyOaksmakesupitslossofguineapigs

withturkeysordairycows,youcanbefairlysureanimal

welfareinBritainhasjusttakenastepbackwards.

Thefirstparagraphiswrittento.

A.putforwardsoundreasontocareaboutthewelfareof

animals

B.emphasizethegloryoftheEnlightenment

C.IntroducetheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofCruelty

toAnimals

D.providebackgroundknowledgeforthediscussiontobe

expanded

2、

Theinconsistencyinourroutinelivesisdefinedby

enumerating.

A.thedeedsconductedbySirThomasFoxwellBuxton

B.thepeoplewhocondemnthefur-tradebutmerrilywear

leather

C.theunderstandingoftheancienttimesconcerningasystem

ofrights

D.thecomprehensionofthewaytotheextremist

3、

Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A.thepublic'signoranceofscientificresearchresultsin

attacksonscience

B.ameasureofmankind'shumanityistakenintoaccount

C.confusionandcontradictionresultfromvulnerable

campaigns

D.thedebateisboundtoaggravateinthenextdecade

4、

Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormost

probablyagree?

A.Eveniftheydeploretheactivitist，suseofintimidation

andviolence,animalloverseverywherecansurerejoicetoday.

B.Sciencedoesnotdeservetobethetargetofprotests,

whateveryouthinkofanimalrights.

C.Overtheyearssomethinggoodhascomefromthecampaign

againsttheanimalindustry.

D.ItisasensiblemovethatDarleyOaksmakesupitsloss

ofguineapigswithturkeysordairycows.

5、

Inthetext,acomparisonismadesoasto.

A.abolishtheslavetrade

B.elaborateahigherpurposeofanimalresearch

C.warnthatmankindhasadutynottocausepaintoanimals

D.assertthatscienceis,byandlarge,kindtoitsanimals

6、Tuninginroundtheclock,viasatelliteorinternetblog,

toanyboutofmayhemanywhere,youmightnotthinktheworld

wasbecomingamorepeaceableplace.Butinsomewaysitis,

andmeasurablyso.ArecentHumanSecurityReportreleasedby

theLiuInstituteattheUniversityofBritishColumbia

registersa40%dropinthenumberofarmedconf1ictsbetween

1992and2022,withtheworstwars,thoseclaimingmorethan

athousandlivesinbattle,downby80%.While28armed

strugglesforself-determinationignitedorreignitedbetween

1991and2022,anencouraging43otherswerecontainedordoused.

Yetmeasuredinadifferentway,fromthepointofviewofthe

halfoftheworld,spopulationthatisfemale,arguestheGeneva

CentrefortheDemocraticControloftheArmedForces,theworld

isanawfullyviolentplace,andnotjustinitswarzones.Men

stillfillmostofthebodybagsinwartime,includingincivil

wars,evenonDCAF'sfigures,buttheirsisters,mothers,wives

anddaughters,itarguesinanewreportentitled"Womeninan

InsecureWorld”,facenothingshortofa"hiddengendercide”.

Violenceagainstwomenisnothingnew.DCAF'scontributionis

tocollatethemanyfiguresandestimates一notallofthem

easilyverifiable,ithastobesaid一oneverythingfrom

infanticidetorape(inbothwarandpeace),dowrydeaths,sex

traffickinganddomesticviolence(inrichercountriesaswell

aspoorerones).

AccordingtooneUNestimatecitedbyDCAF,between113mand

200mwomenarenowdemographically“missing”.Thisgendergap

isaresultoftheabortingofgirlfoetusesandinfanticide

incountrieswhereboysarepreferred;lackoffoodandmedical

attentionthatgoesinsteadtobrothers,fathers,husbandsand

sons,so-called"honourkillings"anddowrydeaths;andother

sortsofdomesticviolence.Itimpliesthateachyearbetween

1.5mand3mwomenandgirlsarelosttogenderbasedviolence.

Inotherwords,everytwotofouryearstheworldlooksaway

fromavictimcountonthescaleofHitler'sHolocaust.

Womenbetweentheagesof15and44aremorelikelytobemaimed

ordiefromviolenceinflictedonewayoranotherbytheir

menfolkthanthroughcancer,malaria,trafficaccidentsorwar

combined.Poorhealthcaremeansthat600,000womenarelost

eachyeartochildbirth(atollroughlyequalannuallytothat

oftheRwandangenocide).TheWorldHealthOrganisation

estimatesthat6,000girlsaday(morethan2mayear),mostly

inthepoorworld,undergogenitalmutilation.OtherWHO

figuressuggestthat,aroundtheworld,onewomaninfiveis

likelytobeavictimofrapeorattemptedrapeinherlifetime.

Inthenarrationofthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthor

employsthedeviceof.

A.comparison

B.inversion

C.contrast

D.omission

7、

Theword"contained"inthelastsentenceofthefirst

paragraphmostprobablymeans.

A.involved

B.checked

C.embraced

D.included

8、

Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphofthetextthat

A.violenceagainstwomenhasbeenignoredsincethe1960s

B.manyfiguresandestimatescannotstandscrutinyconcerned

C.DCAFhaslongcontributedtotheinfanticideandrapein

richernations

D.theexaminingworkconductedbyDCAFhasbeendemanding

9、

Hitler'sHolocaustandtheRwandangenocidearementionedin

thetextwiththeaimto.

A.provideaconcreteconceptofthestatisticsrelatedto

gender-basedviolenceandpoorhealthcare

B.exemplifytheinhumaneactionconductedbyGermanNazi

duringWorldWarII

C.countthevictimswhoarenowdemographically"missing”

D.takeintotheaccountwomenwhoaremoreliabletobemaimed

ordiefromviolence

10、

Whichofthefollowingscouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Womeninapoverty-strickenarea.

B.Gendergapintheemergingeconomies.

C.Womeninahazardousworld.

D.Gendercideinthewesterncountries.

11、Ifyouleavealoadedweaponlyingaround,itisbound

togooffsoonerorlater.Snow-coverednorthernEuropeheard

thegunshotloudandclearwhenRussiacutsuppliestoUkraine

thisweekaspartofarowaboutmoneyandpower,thetwoeternal

battlegroundsofglobalenergy.FromcentralEuroperight

acrosstoFranceontheAtlanticseaboard,gassuppliesfell

bymorethanone-third.ForyearsEuropeanshadbeentelling

themselvesthatacold-warenemywhichhadsuppliedthem

withoutfailcouldstillbedependedonnowitwasanally(of

sorts).Suddenly,nobodywasquitesosure.

Fearingthethreattoitsreputationasasupplier,Russia

rapidlyrestoredthegasandsettleditsdifferenceswith

Ukraine.Butitwasanuncomfortableglimpseofthedangersfor

acontinentthatimportsroughlyhalfitsgasandthatGerard

Mestrallet,bossofSuez,aFrenchwaterandpowercompany,

expectstobeimporting80%ofitsgasby2030muchofitfrom

Russia.ItwasscarcelymorewelcomeforAmerica,which

condemnedRussia'stactics.Andnowonder:itconsumes

one-quarteroftheworld'soil,butproducesonly3%ofthe

stuff.Overthecomingyears,theworld,sdependenceonoil

lookslikelytoconcentrateontheMiddleEast,particularly

SaudiArabia.Russianoilhadseemedausefulalternative.

Fearoftheenergyweaponhasalonghistory.Whenproducers

hadtheupperhandintheoilembargoof1973-74,Arabmembers

oftheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountries(OPEC)

cutsupply,sowingturmoi1andaglobalrecession.When

consumershadtheupperhandintheearly1990s,theembargo

cuttheotherway.AfterSaddamHusseininvadedKuwaitin1990,

theworldshutin5mbarrelsaday(b/d)ofproductionfromthe

twocountriesinanattempttoforcehimout.

Withoilcosting$60abarrel,fivetimesmorethanthenominal

pricein1999,andspotpricesfornaturalgasinsomeEuropean

andAmericanmarketsatornearrecordlevels,powerhasswung

backtotheproducersforthefirsttimesincetheearly1980s.

Nobodyknowshowlongtoday'stightmarketswilllast."Ittook

usalongtimetogetthereanditwilltakeusalongtimeto

getback,“saysRobinWest,chairmanofPFCEnergyinWashington.

Aclutchofalarmistbookswithtitlessuchas“TheDeathof

Oil“predictthatsolittleoilisleftinthegroundthat

producerswillalwayshavepricingpower.Thequestionishow

worriedconsumersshouldbe.Whatarethethreatstoenergy

securityandwhatshouldtheworlddoaboutthem?Theanswers

suggestaneedforplanningandacertainamountofgrimrealism,

butnotforoutrightpanic.

Theword"now"inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph

denotes______.

A.becauseofthefact(that)

B.forthetimebeing

C.currently

D.atpresent

12、

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Worryoftheenergyweaponisofalonghistoryinthe

snow-coverednorthernEurope.

B.ThedisputewithUkrainewasresolvedwithoutanydelayand

gassupplywasrestored.

C.Therisksforagas-importingcontinentwereexposedinthe

recentRussian-Ukrainianincident.

D.Russiangashadlongappearedtobeabeneficial

alternative.

13、

USA,accordingtothetext,disapprovedofRussianexpedient

inthat.

A.mostoftenitworkswonder

B.AmericansneverwelcomeEuropeans

C.Russianshardlyproduceconsumingstuff

D.itdependsheavilyonoilimport

14、

Accordingtothelastparagraph,sincetheearly1980s

consumers

A.cannotaffordgasandoil

B.haveencounteredgrimsituation

C.can.avoidoutrightpanic

D.havehadtheupperhand

15、

BasedontheremarksmadebyRobinWest,thecurrentsituation

will.

A.vanish

B.linger

C.aggravate

D.rebound.

16>“TheimpulsetoexcessamongyoungBritonsremainsas

powerfulasever,buttheforcethatusedtokeeptheimpulse

incheckhasallbutdisappeared,claimedanewspaper.

Legislationthatmadeiteasiertogetholdofadrinkwas〃an

Actfortheincreaseofdrunkennessandimmorality”,asserted

apolitician.

Thefirststatementcomesfrom2022,thesecondfrom1830.On

bothoccasions,theobjectofscornwasaparliamentarybill

thatpromisedtosweepaway"antiquated"licensinglaws.As

liberalregulationscameintoforcethisweek,Britonsonboth

sidesofthedebateunwittinglyfolloweda19th-centuryscript.

Reformersthen,asnow,tookabenignviewofhumannature.Make

boozecheaperandmorereadilyavailable,saidtheliberalisers,

anddrinkerswoulddevelopsensible,continentalEuropean

style,ways.Nonsense,retortedthecritics.Habitsarehard

tochangerifBritonscandrinkeasily,theywilldrinkmore.

Worryinglyformodernadvocatesofliberalisation,earlier

doomsayersturnedouttoberight.Between1820and1840,

consumptionofmalt(whichisusedtomakebeer)increasedby

morethan50%.Worse,Britonsdevelopedakeenertasteforwhat

ThomasCarlylecalled“l(fā)iquidmadness”—ginandotherspirits.

Thebacklashwasfierce.Criticspointedtowidespread

debaucheryinthemoredisreputablesectionsoftheworking

class.Theywereparticularlyworriedaboutthepeoplewho,in

alaterage,cametobeknownas“l(fā)adettes”.Anacutefear,says

VirginiaBerridge,whostudiestemperanceattheLondonSchool

ofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,wasthatwomenwouldpasson

theirsinfulwaystotheirchildren.

Inthe19thcentury,temperanceorganisationssetuptheirown

newspaperstoeducatethepublicabouttheconsequencesof

excess.That,atleast,haschanged:thesedays,themainstream

mediarailagainstthedemondrinkallbythemselves.

Accordingtothetext,thephrase"thesecond"inthesecond

paragraphrefersto.

A.thestatementbyacritic

B.theincreaseofdrunkenness

C.thedeclineofimmorality

D.theassertionbyapolitician

17、

Accordingtothetext,theauthor'sattitudetoward1icensing

lawsis.

A.biased

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.affirmative

18、

Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat.

A.thedisputeoveralcohollicensinghasovertonesof

19th-centuryarguments

B.Britonsdevelopedakeenertasteforginandotherspirits

C.sinfulwayswouldbepassedonbywomentotheirchildren

D.thepublicshouldbeeducatedabouttheconsequencesof

excess

19、

Whatdothe19thcenturyreformersandpresent-dayreformers

haveincommon?

A.Theyfollowa19thcenturyscript.

B.Theyholdakindlyattitudetowardhumannature.

C.Theyattempttomakedrinkingreadilyavailable.

D.Theywinovercriticinthedisputeoflicensinglaws.

20、

Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Oldwine,newbottle.

B.Mainstreammedia,nonsense.

C.Doomsayers,unwarrantedarguments.

D.Fiercebacklash,immorality.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-G

tofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextra

choices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Markyouranswers

onANSWERSHEET1.

(41)_____________

Throughlazinessandcowardicealargepartofmankind,even

afternaturehasfreedthemfromalienguidance,gladlyremain

immature.Itisbecauseoflazinessandcowardicethatitis

soeasyforotherstousurptheroleofguardians.Itisso

comfortabletobeaminor!IfIhaveabookwhichprovides

meaningforme,adoctorwhowilljudgemydietformeandso

on,thenIdonotneedtoexertmyself.Idonothaveanyneed

tothink;ifIcanpay,otherswilltakeoverthetediousjob

forme.Theguardianswhohavekindlyundertakenthe

supervisionwillseetoitthatbyfarthelargestpartof

mankind,includingtheentire"beautifulsex,“shouldconsider

thestepintomaturity,notonlyasdifficultbutasvery

dangerous.

(42)____________

Itisdifficultfortheisolatedindividualtoworkhimseffout

oftheimmaturitywhichhasbecomealmostnaturalforhim.He

hasevenbecomefondofitandforthetimebeingisincapable

ofemployinghisownintelligence,becausehehasneverbeen

allowedtomaketheattempt.Statuesandformulas,these

mechanicaltoolsofaserviceableuse,orrathermisuse,ofhis

naturalfaculties,aretheankle-chainsofacontinuous

immaturity.Whoeverthrewitoffwouldmakeanuncertainjump

overthesmallesttrenchbecauseheisnotaccustomedtosuch

freemovement.Thereforethereareonlyafewwhohavepursued

afirmpathandhavesucceededinescapingfromimmaturityby

不______Q

q22

theirowncultivationofthemind.Butitismorenearlypossible

forapublictoenlightenitself:thisiseveninescapableif

onlythepublicisgivenitsfreedom.Fortherewillalwaysbe

somepeoplewhothinkforthemselves,evenamongthe

self-appointedguardiansofthegreatmasswho,afterhaving

thrownofftheyokeofimmaturitythemselves,willspreadabout

themthespiritofareasonableestimateoftheirownvalueand

oftheneedforeverymantothinkforhimself.

(43)_____________

Throughrevolution,theabandonmentofpersonaldespotismmay

beengenderedandtheendofprofit-seekinganddomineering

oppressionmayoccur,butneveratruereform,ofthestateof

mind.Instead,newprejudices,justliketheoldones,will

serveastheguidingreinsofthegreat,unthinkingmass.

(44)_____________

ButIhearpeopleclamoronallsides:Don'targue!Theofficer

says:Don,targue,drill!Thetaxcollector:Don'targue,pay!

Thepastor:Don'targue,believe!Herewehaverestrictions

onfreedomeverywhere.Whichrestrictionishampering

enlightenment,andwhichdoesnot,orevenpromotesit?Ianswer:

Thepublicuseofaman,sreasonmustbefreeatal1times,and

thisalonecanbringenlightenmentamongmen.Thequestionmay

nowbeput:Doweliveatpresentinanenlightenedage?

(45)_____________

[A]Allthatisrequiredforthisenlightenmentisfreedom;and

particularlytheleastharmfulofthatmaybecalledfreedom,

namely,thefreedomformantomakepublicuseofhisreason

inallmatters.

[B]Enlightenmentisman，sleavinghisself-causedimmaturity.

Immaturityistheincapacitytouseone'sintelligencewithout

theguidanceofanother.Suchimmaturityisself-causedifit

isnotcausedbylackofintelligence,butbylackof

determinationandcouragetouseone'sintelligencewithout

beingguidedbyanother.Havethecouragetouseyourown

intelligence!ItisthereforethemottooftheEnlightenment.

[C]Theansweris:No,butinanageofenlightenment.Muchstill

preventsmenfrombeingplacedinapositi

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe

underlinedsegments