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考研英語完形填空講義主講老師：馬天藝本講義配套馬天藝?yán)蠋熗晷翁羁盏膶?dǎo)學(xué)及方法論課程使用，歷年真題按年份講解的課容，請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)真聽課，做好筆記。祝大家備考順利哦~考研完型三大考點(diǎn)：閱讀能力上下段、上下句的 語法知識(shí)詞意的辨析和使用 考研完型兩大特點(diǎn)：1. 已知信息→題干信息未知信息→20個(gè)空2. ①.大總分結(jié)構(gòu)：后面每句要和首句一致②.小總分結(jié)構(gòu)：每段首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)每段考研完型備考思路：背誦歷年真題 方法一：邏輯關(guān)系題原則判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn) 的 注意：. 除外.有 的選項(xiàng)時(shí)考慮 關(guān)系做題步驟第一步：理解 如果有空先補(bǔ)全）第二步：根據(jù)前后句判斷之間關(guān)系考察內(nèi)容 ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ 對(duì)立：轉(zhuǎn)折:but,yet,however,onthecontrary=contrarily=conversely,bycontrast,incontrast,or,unfortunately，whereas,nevertheless；讓步:still,although,though,even,eventhough,evenif,evenwhen,despite=inspiteof,muchas,as,while；其它againstinsteadofinsteadratherthanignoring，inreturn；因果：原因:because,becauseof,inthat,as,for,asaresultof,dueto,owingto, inresponseto,considering,accordingto；結(jié) 果 : so that=such that ， as a result= as a consequence=so；并列:and,aswellas,then,or,while,likewise,simultaneously,meanwhile,similarly,inturn,perhaps；舉例forexample,forinstance,suchasincluding；遞進(jìn):alsoindeedfurthermore,moreoverhighlightinginparticularparticularlyespecially；條件:if,onlyif,unless,aslongas=solongas,(supposed,supposing,providing,provided),onlywhen；對(duì)立關(guān)系的重點(diǎn)①. 要做插入語，放于句中時(shí)前后要有 隔開。②.判斷對(duì)立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷: 注：not必須是 ， 不成立判斷舉例標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①.先 再 ②.先 再 邏輯關(guān)系題變體輯關(guān)系連詞 eg.前句1后句半句-----__1-----but --.-----------but-----__1 --.直選法前提條件：選項(xiàng)只有 解題策略： 方法二：同義原則（同義原則的使用與 緊密相關(guān)）兩個(gè) （ ）互為 ，答案往往在其中同義原則之 ：兩個(gè) （ ）互為 往在其中兩個(gè) （ ）互為 案往往都不選兩個(gè) （ ）互為 往都不選完形填空思維導(dǎo)圖與層級(jí)說明：方法三：通用性解題方法表語原則①.be、look、feel、seem、smell、taste、sound、become、turn、keep、remain②.③.當(dāng)表語是 時(shí)，它和主語是 關(guān)系當(dāng)表語是 時(shí)，它和主語是 關(guān)系從句解題法 索方法四：一般實(shí)詞題思路一般動(dòng)詞題.看 結(jié)構(gòu)， 線索.看 結(jié)構(gòu)， 線索.考察動(dòng)詞搭配.根據(jù)所修飾的 進(jìn)行判斷.根據(jù)修飾自身的 進(jìn)行判斷一般名詞題.根據(jù)附近 進(jìn)行判斷.根據(jù)修飾自身的 進(jìn)行判斷.考察固定搭配200045題（一）Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance_43_theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto_44_oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto_45_thesoil.45.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise20078題（一）Ontheissueof_8_ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,_9_,therewaslessagreement_10_theleadership.8. [A]freedom [B]origin [C]impact [D]reform200422題（一）Theories_21_ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior_22_theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeeds22.[A]before [B]unless [C]until [D]because20189題（二）Subsequentexperimentsreplicatedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,_9_thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.9.[A]suchas [B]ratherthan [C]regardlessof [D]owingto20055題（一）_4_themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,_5_,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,_6_wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.5. [A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore20061題（一）population._1_ homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan’tpossibly_2_.1. [A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore200914題（一）Everycatwithanowner,_14_,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.[A]bychance [B]incontrast [C]asusual [D]forinstance201015題（一）Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto_14_interpretationofwhathappened._15_,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.[A]Incontrast [B]Forexample [D]Asusual20116題（一）_6_,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe_7_,6.[A]Inturn [B]Infact [C]Inaddition [D]Inbrief201210題（一）TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_ havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.[A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards201211題（一）Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.[A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though20134題（一）...samplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith._4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft...4.[A]Forexample [B]Onaverage [C]Inprinciple [D]Aboveall201718題（一）Someexperts_17_thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"_18_itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until201112題（二）_12_,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden” incyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa_13_community.[A]Invain[B]Ineffect[C]Inreturn[D]Incontrast201313題（二）...,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime._13_electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.[A]Unless [B]Until [C]Because [D]Though201518題（二）_18_,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,_19_humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.18.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inparticular[D]Inconsequence20176題（二）._6_,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.6. [A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus[D]Nevertheless200231題（一）...radicallychangedtheprocess,_31_itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately_32_.31.[A]unless [B]since [C]lest [D]although200440題（一）Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,_40_adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.40.[A]provided [B]since [C]although [D]supposing20056題（一）weareextremelysensitivetosmells,_6_wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.6. [A]evenif [B]ifonly [C]onlyif [D]asif20125題（二）Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,_5_anaverageguy,up_6_thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence200516題（一）Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit_14_tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan_15_newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay_16_explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless200131題（一）Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases_31_thetrialofRosemaryWest.31.[A]asto [B]forinstance [C]inparticular [D]suchas200520題（一）Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors_19_forunfamiliarandemergencysignals_20_thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.20.[A]similarto [B]suchas [C]alongwith [D]asidefrom200712,13,14題（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against[A]spread [B]interference [C]exclusion [D]influence200718題（一）EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch_18_becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies_19_.18.[A]slower [B]faster [C]easier [D]tougher201413題（二）Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers_12_asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta_13_BMI.13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant200713題（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.13.[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against20126題（二）Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,_5_anaverageguy,up_6_thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.6.[A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against20165題（一）_5_aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying_6_agoodfamily.[B]Lest [D]Unless20185題（二）Well,becauseitfeelsgood._5_peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_6_pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstinctthatpromptshumansto_7_withoneanother.5.[A]Until [B]Unless [D]When199746題（一）_46_inAmericanbusinesstoday,46.[A]approach [B]flow [C]fashion [D]trend20065題（一）onthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not201012題（二）ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas_11_fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe_12_testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.12[A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples201013題（二）IntheU.S.,ithas_13_morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.13.[A]imparted [B]immerse [C]injected [D]infected20074題（一）careers_4_totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the_5_toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.4. [A]related [B]close [C]open [D]devoted20076題（一）_6_therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya_7_setoflaws.6. [A]Presumably [B]Incidentally [C]Obviously [D]Generally20106題（二）...，ofteninthe 6 ofanymedicaltreatment.6[A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor201015題（二）Federalhealthofficials_14_Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan_15_ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.15[A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving20052題（一）_1_thisislargelybecause,_2_animals,westandupright.2. [A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides200440題（一）Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,_40_adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.40.[A]provided [B]since [C]although [D]supposing200240題（一）“Benefits”havebeenweighed_40_“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.40.[A]above [B]upon [C]against [D]with199646題（一）Theyaredifferent_46_theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin_47_oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.46.[A]inthat [B]sothat [C]suchthat [D]exceptthat200712,13,14題（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against[A]spread [B]interference [C]exclusion [D]influence201113題（一）Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry_13_theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because20137題（一）_4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft_6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison_7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless20143題（一）Asthebrain_2_,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."_3_seeminglyinnocent,...3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While201010題（二）IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade_10_warmerweatherarrived.10[A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until201519題（二）_18_,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,_19_humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas200229題（一）Itisgenerallyrecognized,_29_,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,_30_bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,29.[A]indeed [B]hence [C]however [D]therefore200324題（一）_24_theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,...24.[A]If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D]Because200434題（一）Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;_34_,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome_35_wascommoninthetraditionalfamily_36_.34.[A]contrarily [B]consequently [C]similarly [D]simultaneously200516題（一）Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit_14_tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan_15_newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay_16_explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless200618題（一）_18_EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,_19_it,“Therehastobe_20_ofprograms.What’sneededisapackagedeal.18.[A]So [B]Since As [D]Thus200712題（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.12.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While199742題（一）_42_industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive_43_reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.42.[A]For [B]Because As [D]Since20085題（一）Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis_1_tosayitanyway.Heisthat_2_bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently_3_anyinstitution...._5_he,however,mighttrembleatthe_6_ofwhatheisabouttodo.5. [A]Only [B]So [C]Even [D]Hence201711題（一）theresearchers_9_thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_10_about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect._11_amongthosewhogotacold.....11.[A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even20143題（二）Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen._3_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan_4_ofgoodhealth.3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore201417題（二）_17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only20162題（二）._2_,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion20176題（二）._6_,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.6. [A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus[D]Nevertheless20094題（一）Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly_2_toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat_3_bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisa(an)_4_innotbeingtoobright.2. [A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3. [A]thinner[B]stabler[C]li