畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文資料翻譯

附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文立體機(jī)械車庫類型、應(yīng)用及智能化當(dāng)今車輛無處停放的問題是城市的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、交通發(fā)展到一定程度產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，立體停車設(shè)備的發(fā)展在國外，尤其在日本已有近30-40年的歷史，無論在技術(shù)上還是在經(jīng)驗上均已獲得了成功，我國也于90年代初開始研究開發(fā)機(jī)械立體停車設(shè)備，距今已有十年的歷程。由于很多新建小區(qū)內(nèi)住戶與車位的配比為1：1，為了解決停車位占地面積與住戶商用面積的矛盾，立體機(jī)械停車設(shè)備以其平均單車占地面積小的獨特性，已被廣大用戶接受。目前，立體車庫主要有以下幾種形式：升降橫移式、巷道堆垛式、平面移動式、垂直升降式、垂直循環(huán)式、箱型水平循環(huán)式、圓形水平循環(huán)式。（一） 升降橫移式升降橫移式立體車庫采用模塊化設(shè)計，每單元可設(shè)計成兩層、三層、四層、五層半地下等多種形式，車位數(shù)從幾個到上百個，此立體車庫適用于地面及地下停車場，配置靈活，造價低。1.產(chǎn)品特點：1）節(jié)省占地，配置靈活，建設(shè)周期短。2）價格低，消防、外裝修、土建地基等投資少。3）可采用自動控制，構(gòu)造簡單，安全可靠。4）存取車迅速，等候時間短。5）運行平穩(wěn)，工作噪聲低。6）適用于商業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)、住宅小區(qū)配套停車場的使用。2.安全裝置：防墜裝置，光電傳感器、限位保護(hù)器、急停開關(guān)等。（二）巷道堆垛式巷道堆垛式立體車庫采用堆垛機(jī)作為存取車輛的工具，所有車輛均由堆垛機(jī)進(jìn)行存取，因此，對堆垛機(jī)的技術(shù)要求較高，單臺堆垛機(jī)成本較高，所以巷道堆垛式立體車庫適用于車位數(shù)需要較多的客戶使用。（三） 垂直升降式立體車庫垂直升降式立體車庫類似于電梯的工作原理，在提升機(jī)的兩側(cè)布置車位，一般地面需一個汽車旋轉(zhuǎn)臺，可省去司機(jī)掉頭。垂直提升式立體車庫一般高度較高（幾十米），對設(shè)備的安全性，加工安裝精度等要求都很高，因此造價較高，但占地卻最小。（四） 垂直循環(huán)式產(chǎn)品特點：1）占地少，兩個泊位面積可停6-10輛車。2）外裝修可只加頂棚，消防可利用消防栓。3）價格低，地基、外裝修、消防等投資少，建設(shè)周期短。4）可采用自動控制，運行安全可靠。（五） 平面移動式采用在同一層上用搬運臺車或起重機(jī)平面移動車輛，或使載車板平面橫移實現(xiàn)存取停放車輛，亦可用搬運臺和升降機(jī)配合實現(xiàn)多層平面移動存取停放車輛的機(jī)械式停車設(shè)備。特點：每層的車臺和升降機(jī)分別動作，提高了車輛的出入庫速度，可自由利用地下空間，停車規(guī)?？蛇_(dá)到數(shù)千臺；部分區(qū)域發(fā)生故障時，不影響其他區(qū)域的正常運行，因此使用更加方便；采用以車輛駕駛員為中心的設(shè)計方法，提高了舒適性；采取多種保險措施，安全性能卓越；通過計算機(jī)和觸屏界面進(jìn)行綜合管理，可全面監(jiān)視設(shè)備的運行狀況，并且操作簡單。（六） 簡易升降類簡易升降類停車設(shè)備在結(jié)構(gòu)上比升降橫移類更簡單，處于地面層的車位可以直接存取，處于地下的車位，借助升降機(jī)構(gòu)將車輛升到地面再存入或取出。這是垂直升降半地下3層，也有半地下2層的，這種類型的車庫的另一個特點是平時隱藏地下，看上去與平地停車一樣，保持景觀不變。簡易升降類設(shè)備還有其他多種形式，這是采用俯仰機(jī)構(gòu)將車輛存入或取出，當(dāng)存取上面的車輛時，需將下面的車開出，因此俗稱子母機(jī)。這是另外一種，采用鏈條傳動的子母機(jī)。簡易升降類停車設(shè)備機(jī)構(gòu)簡單，操作容易，為企事業(yè)單位住宅小區(qū)以及一些獨立私人住宅經(jīng)常采用，在面積相同的條件下至少增加一倍以上的停車位，垂直升降類車庫因運行方式和電梯相似，又被稱為電梯式車庫，又因獨立的車庫像塔而被稱為塔庫，這種類型的車庫利用率很高。很多人從外觀上會把平面移動類車庫和沆道堆垛類車庫混淆，但實際上平面移動類車庫是采用升降機(jī)把車輛送到不同的平面，再通過搬運臺車車輛送到停車位，完成存車過程，取車時也通過搬運臺車把車輛從停車位取出，再通過升降機(jī)把車輛送到出口搬運臺車除了搬運車輛的功能外它還是個重要的交換機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)責(zé)把車輛從升降機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換到搬運臺車，從搬運臺車轉(zhuǎn)換到停車位，或者反過來，有的搬運小車還具有回轉(zhuǎn)的功能，使車輛在搬運過程中實現(xiàn)了調(diào)頭，也有的平面移動類車庫采用履帶交換形式。平面移動車庫是一種大型的自動化車庫，容車密度大，存取車輛快捷，是機(jī)場車站繁華商業(yè)中心體育館等較為理想的車庫類型。立體機(jī)械車庫的智能化也是非常重要的。在一般情況下，操作系統(tǒng)所需的技術(shù)包括各種各樣的項目設(shè)備,包括在此以前分析的車輛自動識別設(shè)備；閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)備，在街頭利用電視攝像機(jī)監(jiān)控交通狀況；驅(qū)動程序的信息設(shè)備，各種型號的最常用的可變信息標(biāo)志面板；電子支付使用電子設(shè)備，電感，磁或智能卡技術(shù)；電子停車收費表可以有效控制車輛多長時間停放在街道,收取檢查；和電腦。我們建議，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的設(shè)備和服務(wù)規(guī)范應(yīng)始終遵循，應(yīng)該已經(jīng)在該地區(qū)實施的一些制度更應(yīng)始終遵循，以確保更容易適應(yīng)。在運輸技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，建立系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)可以培養(yǎng)更為合理、有效的發(fā)展。在停車設(shè)施的具體情況，其引進(jìn)的設(shè)備可以定義如何將相互關(guān)聯(lián)，以確保通過其傳輸?shù)接脩舻男畔淖侄沃械臄?shù)據(jù)源源不斷地收集設(shè)施，提供空置車位的指導(dǎo)。為了建立一個完整的系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)考慮一定的程序：服務(wù)提供詳細(xì)的描述，定義所有的用戶界面和輔助系統(tǒng)；該系統(tǒng)的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的建設(shè)，確定一個有效的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸鏈；建設(shè)該系統(tǒng)的物理架構(gòu)意味著組織進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸設(shè)備連接；除了構(gòu)建和發(fā)展規(guī)劃用于設(shè)備實施和安裝過程中在分析了系統(tǒng)部件之間的溝通和定義布局，設(shè)備安裝和測試后檢查其是否合適。要強調(diào)的是，在現(xiàn)階段出現(xiàn)的一些初步的可交換性問題可能表明需要修改已定義的架構(gòu)。它始終是一個好主意，運行試點試驗，安裝部分設(shè)備，從而確保完美的運作。如何實現(xiàn)是個問題，經(jīng)過計算訪問控制服務(wù)的數(shù)量計數(shù)泊車位可通過與車輛數(shù)之差進(jìn)入實時數(shù)目減去離開的車輛數(shù)目，生成統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)停車設(shè)施的使用率;可以通過收取的費用或自動化機(jī)器停車收費表管理街頭停車設(shè)施；自動車輛識別服務(wù)發(fā)出停車滑，電子付款工具使用信用卡或電子標(biāo)簽;每一種停車設(shè)施提供信息服務(wù),公共交通的安排與終端安裝，用戶可以通過檢查區(qū)域和最近的巴士上客點的路線。在現(xiàn)有設(shè)施的區(qū)域信息服務(wù);停車位預(yù)訂服務(wù),預(yù)定一個特定空間旅行還沒開始,或在途中發(fā)生的，統(tǒng)計控制的各種停車設(shè)施、車庫建筑和停車計時器，使策劃團(tuán)隊更有效地適應(yīng)于高密度流量的場合，如交通流的節(jié)日和體育事件的變化。最后，研究的開發(fā)體現(xiàn)了實行停車管理系統(tǒng)，它支持改善停車面積控制，保持了供求之間的平衡，甚至在停車場提供指導(dǎo)，為司機(jī)尋找一個停車位，縮短旅行時間，減少交通流的干擾。這種方法也有意賦予系統(tǒng)與設(shè)施減少城市交通擁堵，包括降低運輸成本和可能的環(huán)境效益。樣重要的是要強調(diào),采用該系統(tǒng)將有助于規(guī)范這些服務(wù),激發(fā)企業(yè)公共交通機(jī)構(gòu)管理工作在停車設(shè)施的競爭優(yōu)勢,。憑借對在有關(guān)地區(qū)提供更平衡的車位利用率，停車場管理員可以提高生產(chǎn)率，因此提高他們的收入。它還提供了更嚴(yán)格的控制和盡量減少活動更有效的檢查非法停車的影響，此外還有一個更好的停車管理系統(tǒng)，流線型的交通流量及提高安全。附件2：外文原文TypeAtnlApplicatiunofthree>dimensiona]mechanicalgarageToday,nuplaceIQparkVehicles.:heproblemisthere$ldLol宮sciciiil*ecunonticttrafficgeneratedbydevelupmeiiL;oacertaniexbent,diedevelupmenLatparkingfacilitiesinfureigncuiintrie￡4especiallyinJapan；,nearly30[i)40yearsfusTory,whetherin(echinealurtheexperiencehadbeenasuccessChin^.mechanicalparkinlequipimetnin±eearly9UH.thecourseoftenyearsagti.AsmanyciewresidentialparkingspaceswitliinthehouseholdanddieratioofI:],inordertosolverheparkingareaol'ilieccpifradkiii)ns茁1』tenantsn：'cornmercialspace,thnee-di-ileiisicnal:nechanicalparkingequilamenttoritssmalltoutprinfmeantheuniquecharacLcjisLicstil'cycling,tiasbeentheinujcjrilyof'usersaccepted.Mcc上miiu加garageandcompLircdtoLr茁diLienalnaluia]undergroundgaiagt,icimanywaysiodemonstratesuperiority,l-'irst.dietriech^nicalgaragehasapruTinneiitscetii^tiofdieadv^ntages^PastdueLeavegenerousuniler^roiin<]garagevehicularaccess,diejverngjecarwouldoccupyanareao「40square 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颶Prograrti.PET:COPPE7UFEJ.Cwmra創(chuàng)latii&iogia.CidadaUnivsr:itAria.BlocaH,SalaJflftCEP:21945-9^6&5I2Stia創(chuàng) 應(yīng)BrazilTLeproblem^HrifingfromthegapbetuieeadfiriDdandsupplyofpftrkiD^spacermebecom-uigiDrren^iugl^-acuteinmosttounTandtititE.Tbes? ar#notedinninlyinmoredenselypopulatedirensthntfirepoorlyservedbypubHrtranspormtionfnrilitieEandwheretbephnniagnnduseofexistingnre^^込iaadequnte.Th?importnDceofCDHtrolbngpnrkiiigipnceinoiategmlelementofth.#trafficnodtripdemandiD^aaEeizientprocess,rogerlierwiththene?dbneoiureaclolinkedeant^ptualnpprDath^lins-beendefiuednnddefendedfarquirehideihm.Thispaperpre^ent^amethodologicnlprocedurethntunderpHrheffssi-bililyofimplemeDtiDgmniut^gmtedparkingsyilembasedontekinarit^mourc^z.ThisproceduremrludesthederelopiiieDtofalo-gicarclutortureforprocessingandtruisferriDgdntanndinkunintiGii.Inordertorestth#proposedprocedure,am?dHim.-zizedBrazLli^uitownintheRiodeJaneiroMetropolitanRezioa—Niterfli—ttucoa^id^r^d.Aipseific^uneyarwnCGieriEigzoiaiCtvg^qu-arekilometresiritlia numberofparlkiDgfncilide?wai&el?eredforrli?化njlydE.There^ult^亡zpertedthroughtheiinpl&mentndoiioftheproposedgysTemindiCArethntth史r^sultbiigbenefitsunouldincludepgEiblyloiverlerekoftriifficcongeTri-ODindienrenllEidercoD^id^mtioDLitlul#alsoreducingairpGllorion.?ZOOSFubUih^dbyEheiisrLtd.知IrtT■血padL￡￡m^pj^mppln^,相回口込.1ra±Z JOTpciljlieilInti'ciductionTheproblenuInti'ciductionTheproblenueeneTanedbyLlielackofparkinsspacesarebecomingmoreacuteinmanytownsaiiHcities,particiilariyinmaredenselypopulatedareasthatarealreadytryingtocopeWLtfiinadequatepublictrans-portatioiifacilities,andwheredieuseoftheexisdii?areasnotundertakenon呂welJ-plaiiiiedbasis(Vail已ley：199S).Asaresult,usersarenotmervkedproperlyduringdueirconumitin^trips,andincreasedtrafficcang已sticiiiandkmgeitraveftimesaremanifested.inparallel諂thapoorerqualityofliieandlowerlevdsofaccessibility(VShoeferal..1995;Coornbestal.1997;Milesetal..1998:Isonand■Com平icidiz^ lutbor.Fie:+55-21-25?531727.;e-mai]z?Dv^-,pet.coppe.uftj.brWall,2002).Thisconfirmstheimpartiaiiceofprcmor-ingparkingmanagenientandcontrolpoliciesthatarecompatibleiviththetran^ortplnnningprocessandsocialandecQnoimcdjevetopm缶r.Asanintegral!elementof±etnnsportaticinplanningprocess,pail;insinanaseiiientisnorecentpbeoam已noa.lii\ingSeendefiledanddefendedforquitesometun啟(J^cksoo.1973)lHiestudycarriedoutbyF.F.AbbottandA.C.Johnson"in1926MunicipalAdminisn'aiionofrkeRomanEmpijv)notedthatinAncientRjame.problemswerealready1beingnotedivithtrafficcangesiiciLpramptinj□mnicipaJlawsthatciiitailedthemovenieiitofcartsandcarriages.亦wella&血rgingfeeifortakinguproadspacebyparking(Click.1通射.Thecurrentscenarioinmajorurbancentresisnorvai1diCEeren匚blitmerelymorecatEplex.particiilariy肌刑聲説亦心吩麗Umz parties僦0噸e咄:MMB旳an阿s?faL±es^turatiaQ±es^turatiaQlewhoftheroadsystem,theshortageofpaikiiigspacesandthedifficiiltiesofmamgin￡±enLAocardingtoMdkmaldandLycms(1996)aswellasVascancellos(1997),thissituntioDwoiseneilparticiilariyduringthesecondhalfof±e20thcenturydrivenby±esharpupsurgeinthefleetofprivaleTehiclesincwciilatioii.Ch'er^thepasttwodecades,siguificuitincreaseshavebeennotedintheglobalvehiclefleer,whiclidoubledinit&mimbeTifrooi1970through1990.CunenreKpecLatiansindiicatethecan-tiiiiiatianofthisrapidsrovrth.ivithforecastsestimar-insthecunenrfleetwlDdoublea^ainby2015(Click,1翦可.Ihisgroxvflimayeven*higherinsomedev已iapinEcountries—inBrazil,fariustaiice.theprivalevehiclefleeteNpandedeightfoldfrom2.6millionin1970toaround18.3nulljaDchiclesin1990.ThefioneeastsissuedbytheNadonalTrafficDepaitnuentCDENATRAN)iiidicate血tthisfleermayalsodoubleby2005.TherapidespansionofdueBrazilianfleerofvehicle&maybejustifiedbysomekeyaspects,suchas:econjoniicstabilization;radicalchannelinthesocidEtiucluie(paiticiilailytheuseof"individualvehicle5):hekoflanduaeplanniiig;dieadoptionofaplanningmodelbasedonroadtransport(whichnar-mallyaccountsforover90%ofnfbsuicommunes)snudthelackofiiivestnieiit^inhidi-capa€inFtransportfacilities.InadditiontotheespiDsionof血fleetandbilityofinip]emeDtiiifanintegratiedparkingnianase-□oentsystanbasedontheuseoftelematics.InorSeTtotestth亡ippbcatiaQofthisprocediwe.amediuni-sizedtownlocatedintheRiod-eJan已iioMetropoEtanResia—it已rd―asanalyzed.Iutegiatedparkingmanfigeineiitandtekioatic^Anewipproachtodiistopicisstartingtoappear,whichassumesthatmerelybanningcarsaremcour-agiiiFdueu^eofparkingfacilitiesvdthnospecificcriteriaisnoreuoudi.In^teaiitisneee5sar}rtounderstandthewrelation^hipgandvariablesinordertoffiiaranneebetteruseofthesefacilities.已nsnriagthatpartinghcilitiesarevieivedasanintegralpartof±etrip筒eratiemprocess.HueividediversityoffactorsandeffectsasEocialedwith,theparkingfacilitymfLn-agementprocessisshoxviiinj■毎my1,whichliststhemainaspectsinvolved.Parkingfacilitiesshouldbe'lieivedas迪syst己hlthatunderpinstheeKploratiouofthemtrinsic"relatioiiihipsamongthe\paiiouselanearsiuflu-eiicinathepaikingprocess,actiag亦glinktharconnectsupthemeansoftransportwi±landuse.InorderDoprovidethefbuodatkrnsfarthisiute-sratedconcepLitisnecessarytoguarantieeintena-LtiouBetweenusers.trafQccantrailersandadieruaiti-thecoucentratianofworkoppaminiriesincentralarthecoucentratianofworkoppaminiriesincentralar已as,theshortageofparkingspacerandpoorcontroloverirregulaiparkinghawtoastedtheproblenBcausedbytrafficcongeatianintownsandcitiesalloverBiazilMostliifficfinesissuedinBraziliaDmbanarenaieforpinkin?mthewrongplace.InthespecificcaseoftheCityofRiodeJaneiro,basedondataissuedbytheMunicipalTranspoitiatioDBureau(SNfTU),39.7%ofthetotalniLmb^ofGnesissueddimn?1999hadbeenforillegalparkins(ViaDna-2000fThestudycarriedoutbyAxhanseneral.(1994^notesthatlookingforaspacebopad;nwybakeupto40%ofthetotalfiliationofa.tnpfarcataiagroupsofdriwns.The^uille&ssearchfiarpaikingspacemayaccountforc/vs30%ofthetrafficon'mainurbanav已nu已s(AJIol199J).SomestudiesalsoundffLcarethefactthatthesevehiclesspend90-^5%oftheiiusefilllifepacked(Valkky-1998).ThemanaremenrofAutomobileparliing^cilitiesconsequentlyplaysa.decisiveraleintheplanui唱process,andmaycantributeappreciablytoEaiLumizm?tlie^eproblenB<T&amboiilas:2001:VTPL,2002).' 'Thisstuih7consequenllyundencoresdieimpcr-tanceofadoptingintegratedpaikin呂mauaremenrpoliciesthatensiiienotonlymoreratiormluseofthea^'ailabl已parkingspacer(ertnlybalancedsupplyanddemand,biinesn^insufficientrev已mu已stocor曰thecostaofmaintainiiigthesepaddingspaces),wtiilealsoeosiningvf已U-manchedperfomMiiceamongroadsys-tenB,tiiaajortfacilitie&andlanduse.Ltalsopre^ent^aniethodcJo旦calprocedurethatumkipiiisdiefeasi-J^>LLLLnRwUjLXSIaL1J-1-■lH.UJLBk?LLVXJ<JU1AUWUJIJUXpHALLl.~cipantiinthetransportplanningprocessf&iichaspublictrmsportoperatorsandthoseinchargeofpaAingareas).Thisinter敢社onshouldalsoincludesharingtheinfonnatianiequiiedDoscheduletripsand€antraleojot已rnent弓-win呈rheresoiwcesofferedbytechnologicalde咱已nt.Someservicesmayberatedasciijcialwhendefininganinitialmitline-ofthisinte-srabednMnaseoueiitsystsn.Hovrever-inordertoensuretlieiifeasibilitj;dueassistanceoftelematicsiscrucial,appliedtotranspartatiaiisystemEinordertodev已1壬acancqirthatmaybedefinedassmartpaik-ins.(Viauuaerni.:1999)/"Ingensial.thisintegratedparkingmameieinenrEvstemoffersmanvdiffierenrbenefits,aslistedby屜fans(19S4)WAllen(1993):Fardii'i'er^.itisusefillbecauseithelp弓themlocateandselectthepaikingspacebestsiiiledhotheiirequires已nts-&a\-ins"fiielandcuttingoperatingcosts,inadditiontoreducingtheamountoftimewastedduringcominutes.Fartrafficfloviis.thissvstemreducesthetklavs■ Jr Jrcausedbyth已inefficienrsearchforpaikingspaces,inadditionboincreasingtheroadcapaci^poftheregionthroudireducingline-upswhilesoeoeohewaitsforaparidnsplacetobecom已free,keepingroadsandcrossinssfreefromobstmctioDS.Fartransportauthiarities.thissvslemoffersbetterdistribiTtioDofdemand,inadditiontomakingiteasiertocontrolthe弓亡aperationsvdthLett曰datamonitaring,simplifyingtheprocessoftakingdecisioii^and訕『1円曲胡足plans.Iritvlli^nzfrtni:par:a7iori寸jfw明占andparUfi^rnatia^am^tt:MMBViatinatr!al.ticmalareas,andmayticmalareas,andmayalsobeappbedtopaikingmanagement{NykawperaL,1995).Systemsdesignedhomanagepartingspacesaiealsoknownasparkinsguidanceandmfbnnation(PGI)sj^lemsorad^Tancelpaiidnginformationsystems(APIS),whichhavealreadybeenusedforovertwodecades,initiallyimpleineDnedinAachen(Germany),dmiugtheearly.''Os.Oversubsequentyear^.a.reasonable"已xpansicnwasnotedintheiruse.asthey呂revt”morepapularfhron尊1theircapacitytominimi?ptheprobl已msre&iilmi^fromtrufflecongesticaicausedbytheaearchforpaiiingspaces.MetrerecallstudiesreporttheeKist已nc亡oYover50systeuosoffbi?ryp已出operatiaQviiorldwide(Polakeral.71990;Axliauseneral..1994:Twpelas.2000).InJapan,thesesystemsarebeingdevelopedjointlyVkUthotheraspectsrelanedhomnoaeenient.Tics^teniiprovideus巫wl±real-tinueinformationcoroadaccidents,trafficcon^estiaaB.mfi&cflowsrestraintsandthelocatioQofparkinsfacilities(Tokiiyama.1泗5;GiannopoulosandElcDaoalcL1997:Iwasaki,1^97).Oneoftheprojectsde^'elcpedinJapcoistheIoyotaparkingguidanceandinibr-Hwtionmervict-whic-h.isdesignedtorationalizetheuseoflimit虱paikiugfacilities(SakaietaL,1996).LiEurope,newsunneyscarriedoutfrom1^90fhnouda2000onpaikin?饑iliiyinaDaaeiueiitaierepresented,forinstance,Bythe'ADEPT.CAPETALS.CON-facilities.hamperiDgtheiiitrodiictionofanintegrated□aanagemairplan.‘Parkingfhfilitvmmaeeniflitsvstemsbasedonthedisseminationofinfonnatiaaanisuidanceau込vaiJ-ableparkingareashavepranenu&efuliarhesearchandselectionprocess.pro\TiigtiueircperatiooaJfeasibility.Asequipmentha&becomea\iaiJableatlowercosts,inparallelto±edropinthepricesofthechipsusedtoniaDiifacttuietlieaedevices,concenisarenowfbcuseidonhorevthisintegrationvtillbeuudertak已u_whilealsodecidingontheservicesthatmaybeofferedthnou^jthe"useofthiseqiiipmenr.FcRntiaLforu^iugITSininte^int^dparkingAnanalysisofthemteniational曰ipeH已ncfshowsthattheiise'oftelematicsininregratedparkingmanagementisstilllimited-despiteitsivi血applicafoaipot已ntiaJ.ThesuccessofthisproposalisconditiooaJBothewayinVihichtheinfomiaticDisen^jloyedbytheTarijou&agent&iurerveuipginthemanagemairprocess.Telematicahelpidaitift7thebasicsenicesthatarecrucialhothissystem,whilealsodefningspecificcommuiiicaticinssrandaids.Listedbeloviraiesomeservicesdutmaybetakenundercoasiderationforintegratedparliingmanagement,ba^edontheuseoftelematicsQijkaiupertil..1995):CERT.FMJCT.GAUBIandROMANSECERT.FMJCT.GAUBIandROMANSEprojects.AdditioDaJlj;awidevaii^Rofneveseniceiisbeinsintroduced."suchastheBo&chSignalbauHuber'sparidnsguidancesystemandtheFraulfurtparkinnguidance-andinforniationsystenLalthoughrheii'fiel3ofactionislimitedtosmallerareas,andtheyar已not:fiillyintegratedwi±others\7stemE(TLuAiey.1995:Bossohl1997;Milesetal.f998;NPA.19弼一IntheUSA.parkingfacility7nMLLagementhasbeendealtivithundertheAITSscheme,researchingtheinneToperabilityofeqiiipmenr.linkinginfomiationprotwokmidallowingpajmeotthron^ismartcaiih.In1996.anexperiniaital'ryTtemwadintroducedinSt.Paul.MN.knownastheAdvancedPail;insLnfbr-JmotionSystem,runningonEuro-Aniericantechnology7.whosemaiiipurposeistodloivrationalpadc-ins.nian^^emeDLbaostinsthesiipph1ofparkiugareasa\"ailable\)\isitorswhilereduemstrafficcansestioD{IISInternatitrnal.1996).InBrazil,theuseoftheITShambeen±ssemiLiatedthroughastudyundeipinninstheiiitr(Miiictio