高考人教版英語一輪課件必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

[單元主題語境]

人與自然之地球與宇宙奧秘探索(2019·高考全國卷Ⅱ)話題：檢驗學業(yè)的前沿陣地詞數(shù)：283難度：★★★★Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem？It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案)．“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades，otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically，it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen，attheendoftheyear，presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview，and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria？GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem，readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國一所中學與NASA合作的聯(lián)合科研項目，解決國際空間站中的細菌問題。這類語篇對于啟發(fā)與培養(yǎng)學生良好的思維品質(zhì)有積極的引導作用。32．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.

B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms. D．Theydamagetheinstruments.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，來自我們身體的微生物在太空站的表面增長得很快，航天員每周得花很長時間清理它們，由此斷定太空站里的細菌很難清除，故答案為A。答案：A33．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH項目的目的是把學校教育與航天技術聯(lián)系在一起，故答案為D。答案：D34．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct. B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules. D．Gradetheirhomework.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview...It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA工程師親自檢查那些高中學生的產(chǎn)品，故答案為A。答案：A35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA：TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space：TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature：AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH：ACollegeAdmissionReform解析：標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一個項目：把高中的教室教學與太空的研究聯(lián)系起來，使學生們得到NASA工程師們的指導。因此在選標題時既要有太空，還要有學生，選項B將其完美地結(jié)合了起來，故答案為B。答案：B一、語言能力熟詞生義/詞類活用1．turnto__________2．breakn.____3．presentvt.____4．readyvt.____談到，提到休息交給準備二、思維品質(zhì)1．閱讀技巧——濃縮主題，歸納標題標題形式：單詞、短語或句子標題特點：位于文章之首，高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題，具有概括性、針對性和簡潔性等三個突出特點。選擇方法：在了解文章大意的基礎上，仔細考慮內(nèi)容與文章主題是否有密切聯(lián)系；看選項內(nèi)容對文章的概括性和覆蓋面如何；要注意題目范圍過大或過小。設錯方式：概括不夠(如上文第35題D項)；過度概括；以事實細節(jié)替代概括性強的大意(如上文第35題A、C兩項)。2．分析長難句并翻譯句子ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.[分析]ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms是主句，like是介詞，后面接_______theone，在theone后是一個省略了關系代詞的___________。賓語定語從句[翻譯]____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、文化素養(yǎng)思考：通過閱讀這篇文章，你對地球與宇宙奧秘探索有何認識？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

這個問題取決于美國國家航空和航天局HUNCH中學的課堂，就像位于紐約費爾波特的費爾波特中學的科學老師GeneGordon和DonnaHimmelberg領導的項目一樣。自古以來，地球一直存在著許多未解之謎，正是這些神秘激勵著我們不斷為此努力探索、求知。認識地球、探索地球奧秘，一直是人們渴望和追求的目標。在探索求知的過程中，我們要有創(chuàng)新和實踐能力，從而實現(xiàn)自我超越。NO.1單詞——在語境中應用，在拓展中記多01核心單詞…………[先識記]請根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．__________onlyinAfrica只存在于非洲2．____________andpractice理論與實踐3．__________intoatree撞在樹上4．__________downtheriver沿河漂流existtheorycrashfloat5．________________anddivide乘法和除法6．____________hermother不像她母親7．____________theriskofdisease降低患病風險8．a(chǎn)________________toaquestion對問題的反應9．a(chǎn)____________man一個和藹的人10．a(chǎn)______________explosion劇烈的爆炸11．the______________effectsofalcohol酒精的害處multiplyunlikelessenreactiongentle violent harmful12．givea________attherope拉一下繩子13．beina____________aboutsth.對某事迷惑不解14．a(chǎn)new____________ofteaching一種新的教學體系pullpuzzlesystem[再拓展]請?zhí)钊肜ㄌ杻?nèi)單詞的正確形式1．Icouldfeelthewind____________(gentle)blowingthroughmyhairanditwasawarmsummerbreeze.2．Doyoubelievethe__________________ofghosts？Perhapstheyonly__________inthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)3．Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydo________toyourphysicalhealth，butitisalso______________toyourmentalhealth.Sothereisno________inadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)gentlyexistenceexistharmharmfulharm4．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinany________________butmeanwhileherespectsothers'__________________freedom.(religion)5．Sincemyyoungerbrotherisfondof______________，heisdeterminedtobecomea__________________whenhegrowsup.(biology)6．Asisknowntous，everyonehashis__________and__________.Mylittlesisterisfondofpopmusic.Sheis____________tobecomeafamouspopsingerinthefuture.(like)religionreligiousbiologybiologistlikesdislikeslikely7．Lastnightwehadadiscussion，whichbecamemoreandmore________.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruse________________whateverhappens.(violent)8．Therewasa______________lookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecausea__________problem______________her.(puzzle)violentviolencepuzzledpuzzlingpuzzled02閱讀單詞…………標注不認識的單詞，回查單詞表重新記憶□astronomy

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□solar□biologist□carbon□dissolve□acid□mammal□dioxide□extinct□vapour□atomNO.2短語——在拼寫中記牢，在聯(lián)想中積累[必會短語]請根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．________________既然2．________________下蛋3．________________感到高興；感到振奮4．__________________突發(fā)；爆發(fā)5．__________________________輪到某人nowthatlayeggscheerupbreakoutinone'sturn6．______________________English掌握英語7．__________________________onenewborn只產(chǎn)一仔8．__________________himforhelp指望他幫忙9．__________________________cars當心車輛10．______________thefire________spreading制止火蔓延11．__________thesun______遮住太陽12．a(chǎn)rrive______________及時到達getthehangofgivebirthtodependonwatchoutforpreventfromblockoutintime[詞匯積累]1．各種“碰撞”聚焦①crashv．碰撞；墜落②bumpn．&v．撞；碰撞(聲)③collidev．碰撞；相撞④collisionn．撞擊；碰撞⑤runinto撞上⑥knockinto撞上2．與“太空”有關的高頻單詞集錦①astronomyn．天文學②astronautn．宇航員③gravityn．萬有引力④satelliten．衛(wèi)星⑤orbitn．軌道⑥spaceshipn．宇宙飛船⑦universen．宇宙⑧l(xiāng)aunchvt.發(fā)射3．“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多種表達①preventsb.fromdoingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.③keepsb.fromdoingsth.④prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.⑤bansb.fromdoingsth.⑥forbidsb.fromdoingsth.NO.3句式——在解讀中學懂，在學寫中學通請根據(jù)提示完成下列句子1．make＋it＋adj.＋todo，在該句式中，it是形式賓語Thisproducedachainreaction，__________________________________.這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop2．“...倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as...”是倍數(shù)表達法之一，意為“……是……的多少倍”露西付出的是以前三倍的時間和精力，所以我相信她這次能成功。Lucydevoted______________________________________shedidbefore，soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.3．nowthat“既然；由于”，引導原因狀語從句，有時that可以省略既然現(xiàn)在上的新課不那么難，你就不用擔心功課了。___________________________________________________________，youneedn'tworryaboutyourlessons.threetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasNowthatthenewlessonsgiventhesedaysarenotsodifficult4．形容詞短語作伴隨狀語長途旅行之后，我們?nèi)嘶氐搅思?，又餓又累。Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofuswentbackhome，________________________________.hungryandtired1．harmfuladj.有害的[寫作佳句]Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer，whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth.有些男生對玩電腦游戲簡直到了癡迷的程度，這對他們的健康非常有害。

[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Thelocalgovernmentcloseddownsomefactorieswhichhaddonealotofharm____theenvironment.②Asweallknow，abadeatinghabitis______________(harm)toone'shealth.③Personally，thereisnoharmin____________(make)anapologytohim.toharmfulmaking能力提升——一句多譯眾所周知，吃太多垃圾食品對我們的健康有害。④Whatisknowntousisthateatingtoomuchjunkfood________________________________________________.(harmful)⑤Itisknowntousthateatingtoomuchjunkfood______________________________________________.(harmn．)isharmfultoourhealthdoesharmtoourhealth2．existvi.存在；生存[寫作佳句]Theycan'texistonthemoneyhe'searning.他們靠他掙的那點錢無法維持生活。[歸納拓展](1)existon＝liveon靠……為生Thereexist(s)/existed...某地有/存在……(2)existencen．存在；生存comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在(3)existingadj.(僅用于名詞前)目前的，現(xiàn)存的

[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhave________________(exist)onthemoneyheisearning.②Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameinto__________________(exist)．③Theparkingplaceforbikeswasan________________(exist)problemforalongtimeinourschool.existingexistenceexisting能力提升——翻譯句子④目前有一個解決現(xiàn)存問題的好辦法。(2020·高考上海卷)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[實戰(zhàn)貼士]exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblematpresent.3．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難；(使)困惑n.謎；難題[文化金句]Youwillbepuzzledabouttheirmeaningsifyoudon'tlearnaboutthebackgroundoftheseTangpoems.如果你不了解這些唐詩的寫作背景，你可能會對它們的含義感到很困惑。[歸納拓展](1)apuzzletosb.一件讓某人感到困惑的事情(2)puzzleabout/over苦思冥想；絞盡腦汁(3)puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.感到困惑的bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解

[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha________________question，shestoodtherewitha______________lookonherface.(puzzle)②Shelostheartwhenshefailedtheexam，becauseherfuturewas________________(puzzle)．③Peoplehavelongpuzzled____________________howtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.④Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremains__puzzletous.puzzlingpuzzledpuzzlingover/abouta能力提升——句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Whatpuzzledthefiremenwasthecauseofthefire.→Thefiremen_____________________thecauseofthefire.(puzzledadj.)[實戰(zhàn)貼士]

過去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外，還可以用來修飾與人有關的一些名詞，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。werepuzzledabout4．intime及時；終于；遲早[寫作佳句]Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethere'sawill，there'saway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoffintime.正如一句諺語所說，“有志者，事竟成”，我們的努力遲早會有所回報。[歸納拓展](1)intimeforsth.及時趕上某事intimetodosth.及時做某事(2)innotime立刻；馬上atnotime決不(置于句首主謂部分倒裝)atatime每次；一次atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度attimes有時；間或[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintime______thespecialday.②Doingthingswedon'tlikecanbegoodforus____times.③Beginbyaskingemployees，oneat__time，whattheyneedtoperformattheirbest.forata能力提升——句式升級④Inmyview，youshouldatnotimeloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.→Inmyview，_____________________________________________wheneveryouareintrouble.(用倒裝句式升級)atnotimeshouldyouloseheart5．inone'sturn輪到某人；接著[寫作佳句]Whenitisinmyturn，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.當輪到我時，我激動得都說不出話來了。[歸納拓展]inturn依次；相應地；反過來byturns輪流；交替地taketurnstodosth.輪流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事

[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Nowthatwehavefinishedthedesign，itis____theirturntoconstruct.②Atthemeetingtheytookturns____________(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.③Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmother____turns.intoputby能力提升——完成句子④Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，______________________________________________________.人們使用自己的小汽車避免公共交通延誤，反過來，這造成更多的問題。[實戰(zhàn)貼士]byturns是“交替地；輪流”的意思，多指兩個人或兩個行為之間的交替進行；如果表示“按順序”則應該用inturn。which，inturn，createsmoreproblems6．makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)todo[文化金句]HavingwatchedA

Bite

of

ChinawillmakeiteasierforyoutounderstandwhyheisdeterminedtomakehislivingbyrunningaChinesefoodrestaurantinNewYork.觀看《舌尖上的中國》會讓你更容易理解為什么他決定在紐約開一家中餐館來謀生。[歸納拓展](1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth.(2)常用于這種句型的動詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等

[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Ithinkitgreatfun________________(learn)thepoemswrittenintheTangDynastywithyou.②Shemadeitcleartome________shewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.③Iconsideritnouse__________________(quarrel)withhimaboutit.tolearnthatquarrelling能力提升——完成句子④Thenewly-builtstadiumislargeenough，___________________________________________________________________.(2018·高考全國卷Ⅲ)新建的體育館足夠大，這使我們有可能參加各種各樣的活動。[實戰(zhàn)貼士]

“makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)todosth.”句型中it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。possibleforustotakepartinvariousactivitieswhichmakesit7．倍數(shù)表達法[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠，因而我摔倒了。[歸納拓展]倍數(shù)表達法：(1)倍數(shù)＋as...as...(2)倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than(3)倍數(shù)＋thesize/height/length/width...＋of...(4)倍數(shù)＋what從句

[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Myschoolhasexpandedintoabigone，whichisthreetimesasbig____thepreviousone.②Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes____________(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.③Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimes________itwastenyearsago.asfasterwhat能力提升——一句多譯正在建的新體育館將會是操場的兩倍大。(2018·高考全國卷Ⅱ)④Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltwillbe______________________________theplayground.(as)⑤Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltwillbe____________________theplayground.(size)⑥Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltwillbe________________________theplayground.(than)twiceasbigastwicethesizeoftwicebiggerthan[實戰(zhàn)貼士](1)表示“兩倍”時用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞＋times”表達。(2)此句型中倍數(shù)也可以用分數(shù)、百分數(shù)，half等其他程度狀語來表達。[教材與高考]Ⅰ.閱讀理解障礙詞1．閱讀詞匯認知①(2020·高考天津卷)Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining..n.氛圍②(2018·高考北京卷)However，angercaneasilyturnviolent，anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.

.③(2017·高考天津卷)Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost..adj.暴力的n.撞車2．一詞多義①(2019·高考北京卷)Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.__A．牽引力 B．拉，拖C．排入C②(2019·高考北京卷)Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比賽)，wheneverapersonisadded，everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.__A．牽引力 B．拉，拖；拽C．排入BⅡ.語言運用高頻點1．語法填空①(2020·高考全國卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmoved____________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.②(2019·高考北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone，andmuchofitisbasedontrustand________________(exist)relationships.gentlyexisting③(2019·高考江蘇卷)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecame______________(puzzle)aboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore...④(2019·高考北京卷)Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools，appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammers________gettingthrough.⑤(2018·高考全國卷Ⅱ)Isawthereweretwoinstructorsonboardandamanlyingacrossthemiddle.Hewasshaking__________________(violent)．puzzledfromviolently2．完形填空①(2019·高考江蘇卷)However，thetwozookeepersdidn'twanttoseetheextinction(滅絕)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts，theysuccessfullydevelopeda____________ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.ThisenabledEmmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.A．combination

B．collectionC．strategy D．system47解析：人工繁殖和自然繁殖是兩種繁殖方式，此處指動物園飼養(yǎng)員把這兩種方式成功地結(jié)合起來了，故選combination(結(jié)合，聯(lián)合)。collection“收集”；strategy“策略”；system“系統(tǒng)”。答案：A②(2018·高考全國卷Ⅱ)Istillcan'tbelievewhatacoincidenceitwas.I'mjustsogladIwasthere____________tohelpmyson.A．onboard B．intimeC．forsure D．onpurpose解析：這里表示作者感慨自己及時出現(xiàn)在事故現(xiàn)場幫助了自己的兒子，因此選intime表示“及時”。onboard“在(船、飛機、火車等)上”；forsure“確信”；onpurpose“故意地”。答案：B60Ⅲ.書面表達亮點練1．(2019·高考浙江卷)現(xiàn)在父母過多地表揚他們的孩子，這對他們是有害的。(harmful)______________________________________________________________Nowadays，parentspraisetheirkidstoomuch，whichisharmfultothem.2．(2018·高考全國卷Ⅰ)與西方風俗習慣不同，如果你被邀請參加晚宴，準時是有禮貌的。(unlike；punctual)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．(江蘇卷)雖然許多人對于網(wǎng)絡投票的負面影響感到困惑，但是現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡投票仍然受歡迎。(puzzled；Internetvoting)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unlikewesterncustoms，itisgoodmannerstobepunctualifyouareinvitedtoattendadinnerparty.Whilemanypeo