北京市2022年高考英語考試真題與答案解析

北京市2022年高考?英語?考試真題與答案解析

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該

項涂黑。

OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeploy”,Isteppedtothe

doorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I]amovementoftheheavywooden

door.ThiswastheverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthe

bittercold.Ifeltachill（寒意）gothroughmybody.

Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoI

thoughtwas3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopen

thedoor.

Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothe

hospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He'dneedtimeto5,andwouldnJt

comeforclassthenextday,Ithought.

Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidherunin

withenergy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhim

how8Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwould

openthedoor.”

ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,every

minutefeelslikeforever.Hedidn,tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.This

five-year-oldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin10.

1.A.causedB.spottedC.checkedD.imagined

2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully

3.A.angryB.absentC.specialD.noisy

4.A.courageousB.contentC.unableD.unwilling

5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait

6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD.react

7.A.sneezeB.weepC.complaintD.laughter

8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous

9.A.showupB.pullupC.holdupD.lineup

10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.faithD.kindness

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocery

bags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn,tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.As

Helenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthavean

intention12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventuallyjheman13(catch)upwith

her,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!

B

Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14(support)

byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.Ifseasytoexplainhowwedetermine

15smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionof

gasleaks.Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisadded

sothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.

C

Sincepeoplecan7talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororder

delivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.That

includescups,bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.Thafsabig

problemanditisgettingeven19(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics20(increase)by300%

since2019.Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailable

tostudentsenrolled(注冊)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.

PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblem

sets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou'reenrolledin.

PASSdoesn,tre-teachordelivernewcontent.It'sanopportunitytodeepen

yourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillsto

solveproblems.

Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineach

session.ThatwayzPASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.

RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9amz21September2022.

Waitinglists

Ifasessionisfullyoucanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomes

availableorifanewsessionistobeheld.

Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglistwewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyou

areonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelistyouhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplace

intheprogrammeinthenearfuture.

Deregistering

IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegivento

someoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecord

yourattendance.

You,IIbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.If

youbelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@umbs.edu.

21.InPASS,students.

A.attendnewlecturesB.decidetheirownschedules

C.prepareproblemsetsingroupsD.usetheirskillstosolveproblems

22.Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?

A.Fillintheattendancesheet.B.Signupforthewaitinglist.

C.Reporttheirneedsandfeedback.D.Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.

23.Studentswillbederegisteredif.

A.theysendemailsinerrorB.theyfailtoworkinteractively

C.theygivetheirplacestoothersD.theymisstwosessionsinarow

B

MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（削弱）myability

todoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantly

staringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:I

wantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumed

me.

Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhigh

school.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesire

tomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmaller

settingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim—anideathat

hadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.

Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Looking

back,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwould

haveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyQ什erI

receivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroups

weresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,

andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.

Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.

IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandPverealisedthatmybiggest

obstacle（障礙）thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingme

thatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican,t.They

saygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhave

andbeimpatient.A什erallnaturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.

24.WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice,sanxiety?

A.Herinabilitytoactherage.B.Herhabitofconsumption.

C.Herdesiretobeperfect.D.Herlackofinspiration.

25.HowdidGrantBrownJspresentationinfluenceAlice?

A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.

C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.

26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore.

A.intelligentB.confidentC.innovativeD.critical

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.

C.ActionisworryJsworstenemy.D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

c

“Whotwould/heworldbeiftherewerenohunoer?”IfsaquestionthatProfessorCrystal

wouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimagining

somethingthatisn,tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaught

toartistsandengineers,butmuchless。什entoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,and

helpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking一is

nowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.

Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutrition

becauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredand

consumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect（交叉）withhumanhealth,theenvironment

economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem一oranyother

network一requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthat

system;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedto

understandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutside

thesystem.

Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished

（營養(yǎng)不良）peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.

Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetween

calories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningand

artificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000

biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.

Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthe

systemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.A

goodwaytoredress（修正）suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldid

andteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.

MoreresearcherSzpolicymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolook

beyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisions

alonedon5tproduceresults,butconcludedthat"we'IIneverproduceresultsthatwecon't

envision”.

28.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to.

A.illustrateanargumentB.highlightanopinion

C.introducethetopicD.predicttheending

29.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?

A.Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn'tbeenachieved.

B.Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.

C.Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.

D.Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.

30.Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.

B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.

C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.

D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.

D

Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensending

mearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswe

faceashumans,rvealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneis

computerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.The

otherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,big

techcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.According

toBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“cur一cancer,andeventakestepstoturn

climatechangeintheoppositedirection.wThisisthesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.

Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan,tkeep.uWhafsnew,"Johnson

wrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputing

researchers.

Asquantumcomputingextractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymislead

investors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofallthemselvesabouttheirwork,spotential.If

researcherscan,tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubtdisappointment

andanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.

Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,

perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldnJtbeableto

understand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQfor

Quantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmy

questionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson,sconcerns

abouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）nto

buildinga“useful"quantumcomputeronethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewould

nothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.wHeadds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,

butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylor

claims?Idon'tknow.Tmcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestin

quantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnsonJsconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor,soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選

項中有兩項為多余選項。

Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,

wetendtoignoreourhealth.35Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthese

diseases.

36Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturally

beattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyata

giventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobe

targetedbyviruses.37Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthe

fitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.

Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.38Forinstance,we

mustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercises

fordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.

Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursof

sleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune（免疫）systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.

39This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.

A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.

B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.

C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.

D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.

E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.

F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.

G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwecatchlifestyleandotherdiseases.

第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur（創(chuàng)業(yè)者）,witnessedathisownschoolthe

widespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportable

drinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused（浸

泡）water.

Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.

Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhis

originalmodelfortheFunBottle.u\wantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeople

todrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”

Tomexplains.

Thebottleismadewithastrainer（濾網(wǎng)）thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsof

thevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewatecwithoutanyofthe

seedsorskinsflowingthrough.

TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,

butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpsto

providehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstothe

OrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).

Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.When

askedwhatadvicehe'dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,^Prepareandhaveyour

family'ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,

andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.w

40.WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?

41.WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

aTomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonly

provideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonat