2023年考研外語專家預測過關(guān)卷8

考研外語專家預測過關(guān)卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1、InthemonthofSeptember,inBritain,youmayseelarge

numbersofbirds(1)onroofsandtelegraphwires.These

birdsareswallows.Theyare(2)togetherbecause,very

soon,theywillbeflying.(3)tomuchwarmerlands,where

theywillfind(4)thesmallflyinginsectsonwhichthey

(5).Therearenosuchinsects(6)inBritainduring

thewinter;itis(7)coldforthem.

Theswallowssettle,flyoff,swoop,and(8)again.This

theydomanytimes,fortheyaremakingshort(9)flights

inordertobefitforthelongjourney(10)them.

(11)ofthesemigratingbirdsleaveBritainintheautumn.

Theyfly(12)forhundredsofmiles(13)theyreach

thewarmlandsofAfrica.Butnotallthebirdsgetthere,for

manyofthemperishinthestormyweathertheymeetwith

(14).

Inthespringofthefollowingyearthey"(15)thelong

andtiringjourneybacktoBritain.

Theyreturntotheidenticalbarnortreeinthe(16)

districtwhichtheyhadleftthe(17)autumn.Howdothese

birdsfindtheir(18)thereandbackoversuchvast

distances?Nobodyknowsexactly(19),butithassomething

todo(20)windsandaircurrents.

A.beingperched

B.perched

C.beingperching

D.beperched

2、(2)

A.gathering

B.assembling

C.waiting

D.forming

3、(3)

A.tosouth

B.thesouth

C.tosouthwards

D.south

4、(4)

A.greatnumberof

B.agreatdealof

C.plentyof

D.numerous

5、(5)

A.feed

B.arefed

C.eat

D.rely

6、(6)

A.near

B.about

C.nearby

D.over

7、(7)

A.too

B.abit

C.very

D.much

8、(8)

A.flyoff

B.swoop

C.settle

D.turnback

9、(9)

A.practical

B.practising

C.practice

D.practised

10、(10)

A.inadvance

B.aheadof

C.infrontof

D.infront

IK(11)

A.Swarms

B.Herds

C.Flocks

D.Schools

12、(12)

A.firmly

B.stoutly

C.harshly

D.steadily

13、(13)

A.until

B.before

C.when

D.as

14、(14)

A.intheway

B.ontheway

C.halftheway

D.alltheway

15、(15)

A.have

B.fly

C.find

D.make

16、(16)

A.old

B.original

C.familiar

D.identical

17、(17)

A.before

B.previous

C.abovegoing

D.former

18、(18)

A.way

B.path

C.course

D.route

19、(19)

A.why

B.when

C.how

D.what

20、(20)

A.against

B.away

C.for

D.with

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Youmightbeforgivenforthinkingthatsleepresearchersare

adozybunch.Mostoftheotherthingspeopledoregularly一eat,

excrete,copulateandsoon—arebiologicallyfairly

straightforward:thereislittlemysteryabouthoworwhythey

aredone.Sleep,ontheotherhand,whichtakesupmoreofmost

people'stimethanalloftheabove,andwhichattractsplenty

ofstudy,isstillfundamentallyamystery.

Theoneviewsharedbyallisthatsleepmatters.Forevidence,

looknofurtherthantheexperimentsledbyAllan

RechtaschaffenandBernardBergmannattheUniversityof

Chicagointhe1980s.Theykeptexperimentalratsawakearound

theclockinanenvironmentwherecontrolratswereallowedas

muchsleepastheywanted.Thesleep-deprivedratsalldied

withinamonth.

CarolEversonworkedwiththeChicagoteamasagraduatestudent

andnowhasajobattheNationalInstitutesofHealthin

Bethesda,Maryland.WhilerepeatingtheChicagoexperiments

shewasstruckbythefactthat,althoughthesleep-deprived

ratsshowednoobvioussymptomsofparticulardiseases—andno

suchsignswerepickedupinpost-mortems—theiremaciationand

generallysorrystatewasreminiscentofthatwhichbefalls

manyterminalcancerpatientsandAIDSpatients,whoseimmune

systemshavepackedup.WhileDr.Eversondoesnotclaimtohave

hardandfastproofthatsleepisneededforresistanceto

infection,herworkdoespointthatway——asdoestheresearch

ofothersaroundtheworld.

Anotherapproachistolookforchemicalsthatcausesleep;from

these,youshouldbeabletostarttellingabiologicalstory

whichwilleventuallyrevealthefunctionofsleep.Peter

ShiromaniofHarvardMedicalSchoolhasfoundaproteinthat

buildsupathighlevelsinchronicallysleep-deprivedcats,

butdisappearswithinanhouriftheanimalsareallowed45

minutesofrecoverysleep.ResearchersattheUniversityof

Veronhavefoundsomethingsimilar.Butnoonechemicaltells

thewholestory.

Sonewwaysofinducingsleepmaysoonbeavailable;an

understandingofitspurpose,though,remainselusive.Inthis,

sleepisliketheothergreatbiologicalcommonplacethatis

stillmysterious:consciousness,whichisalsoeasilyaltered

chemicallybutnottoowellunderstood.Nooneknowshow

Consciousnessarises,orwhat,ifanything,itisfor(though

therearealotoftheories).Almosttheonlythingthatcan

besaidaboutitforcertainisthatyouloseitwhenyoufall

asleep.Solvingthemysteryofsleepingandwakingmight

requirenewinsightsintotheconsciousnessthatislostand

regainedintheprocess.Puttingitthiswaymakestheproblem

soundrathergrander,andthelackofprogresssofarlooka

bitlessdozy.

Whydoesthewritersay"Youmightbeforgivenforthinking

that...

A.Solvingthemysteryofsleepingandwakingrequiresnew

insights.

B.Mostoftheotherthingspeopledoregularlyare

biologicallystraightforward.

C.Theproblemsoundsrathergrand.

D.Westilllackforprogressthoughwe'vespentmuchmoretime

studyingit.

2、

TheexperimentsledbyAllanRechtaschaffenandBernard

BergmannattheUniversityofChicago.

A.couldn，tprovethatsleepmatters

B.allowedthecontrolratsasmuchsleepaspossible

C.showedthatsleepisstillfundamentallymystery

D.kepttheexperimentalratsupalldayandallnight

3、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Dr.Eversonannouncedtheconclusionoftheexperiments

thatsleepisneededforresistancetoinfection.

9

B.CarolEversonrepeatedtheexperimentsledbyAllan

RechtaschaffenandBernardBergmannattheUniversityof

Chicago.

C.CarolhasbeenagraduatestudentattheUniversityof

Chicago.

D.Carol'slaterexperimentfoundsomesimilaritiesbetween

sleep-deprivedratesandmanyterminalcancerpatientsandAIDS

patients.

4、

TheproteinfoundbyPeterShiromani.

A.eventuallyrevealedthefunctiono?sleep

B.builtupathighlevelsinchronicallysleep-deprivedrats

C.wassimilartothatfoundbyresearchersattheUniversity

ofVeron

D.lastedforonly45minutes

5、

Thewriterseemstothinkthat.

A.newwaysofinducingsleepisstillbeyondman，sknowledge

B.consciousnessisacrucialpartinsleepresearch

C.theunderstandingofthepurposeofsleepisstillhardto

achieve

D.we'vegotnewinsightsintotheconsciousness

6、Einstein'sconnectionwiththepoliticsofthenuclearbomb

iswellknown:hesignedthefamouslettertoPresidentFranklin

RooseveltthatpersuadedtheUnitedStatestotaketheidea

seriously,andheengagedinpostwareffortstopreventnuclear

war.Butthesewerenotjusttheisolatedactionsofascientist

draggedintotheworldofpolitics.Einstein，slifewas,infact,

tousehisownwords,“dividedbetweenpoliticsandequations.”

Einstein'searliestpoliticalactivitycameduringtheFirst

WorldWar,whenhewasaprofessorinBerlin.Sickenedbywhat

hesawasthewasteofhumanlives,hebecameinvolvedin

anti-wardemonstrations.Hisadvocacyofcivildisobedience

andpublicencouragementofpeople?torefuseconscriptiondid

littletoendearhimtohiscolleagues.Thenfollowingthewar,

hedirectedhiseffortstowardreconciliationandimproving

internationalrelations.This,too,didnotmakehimpopular,

andsoonhispoliticsweremakingitdifficultforhimtovisit

theUnitedStates,even'togivelectures.

Einstein，ssecondgreatcausewasZionism.Althoughhewas

Jewishbydescent,EinsteinrejectedthebiblicalideaofGod.

However,agrowingawarenessofanti-Semitism,bothbeforeand

duringtheFirstWorldWar,ledhimgraduallytoidentifywith

theJewishcommunity,andlatertobecomeanoutspoken

supporterofZionism.Oncemoreunpopularitydidnotstophim

fromspeakinghismind.Histheoriescameunderattack;an

anti-Einsteinorganizationwasevensetup.Onemanwas

convictedofincitingotherstomurderEinstein(andfineda

meresixdollars).ButEinsteinwasphlegmatic:whenabookwas

publishedentitled100AuthorsAgainstEinstein,heretorted,

“IfIwerewrong,thenonewouldhavebeenenough!，z

In1933,Hitlercametopower.EinsteinwasinAmerica,and

declaredhewouldnotreturntoGermany.Then,whileNazi

militiaraidedhishouseandconfiscatedhisbankaccount,a

Berlinnewspaperdisplayedtheheadline“GoodNewsfrom

Einstein—He'sNotComingBack."InthefaceoftheNazithreat,

Einsteinrenouncedpacifism,andeventually,fearingthat

Germanscientistswouldbuildanuclearbomb,proposedthatthe

UnitedStatesshoulddevelopitsown.Butevenbeforethefirst

atomicbombhadbeendetonated,hewaspubliclywarningofthe

dangersofnuclearwarandproposinginternationalcontrolof

nuclearweaponry.

Throughouthislife,Einstein，seffortstowardpeaceprobably

achievedlittlethatwouldlast—andcertainlywonhimfew

friends.HisvocalsupportoftheZionistcause,however,was

dulyrecognizedin1952,whenhewasofferedthepresidencyof

Israel.Hedeclined,sayinghethoughthewastoonaivein

politics.Butperhapshisrealreasonwasdifferent:toquote

himagain,，zEquationsaremoreimportanttome,because

politicsisforthepresent,butanequationissomethingfor

eternity.

Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“Butthesewerenotjust

theisolatedactionsofascientist”?

A.Einsteinwasnotisolatedinhispostwarefforttoprevent

nuclearwar.

B.Einsteinwasisolatedfromotherscientistsinhis

politicaladvocacy.

C.Einsteinwasmorethanonceconnectedwiththepolitical

world.

D.ItwastheonlyactionthatdraggedEinsteinintotheworld

ofpolitics.

7、

WhichofthefollowingisnotlistedasoneofEinstein，s

activities?

A.Hebecameinvolvedinanti-wardemonstrationinBerlin.

B.Heencouragedpeopletorefuseconscription.

C.HerejectedthebiblicalideaofGod.

D.HebecameanoutspokensupporterofZionism.

8、

ledEinsteingraduallytoidentifywiththeJewish

community.

A.HisJewishdescent

B.Hisunpopularityamonghiscolleagues

C.Hisgrowingawarenessofanti-semitism

D.HisrejectionofthebiblicalideaofGod

9、

Thewriterwantstotellusthat.

A.Einsteinisoneofthegreatscientistsintheworld

B.Einsteinwastoonaiveinpolitics

C.Einsteinwasalsoagreatpolitician

D.Einsteinwasalsoinvolvedinpoliticsinhislifetimeas

agreatscientist

10、

What,sthemainreasonEinsteindeclinedthepresidencyof

Israel?

A.Becausescienceseemedmoreimportanttohimthanpolitics.

B.BecausehewasalreadyanAmericancitizen.

C.BecauseherejectedthebiblicalideaofGod.

D.Becausehecouldnotforgethissadmemoryoflivingin

German.

11、Paintingyourhouseislikeaddingsomethingtoahuge

communalpictureinwhichtherestofthepaintingisdone

eitherbynatureorbyotherpeople.Thepictureisnotstatic;

itchangesaswemoveabout,withthetimeofday,withthe

seasons,withnewpainting,newbuildingsandwithalterations

tooldones.Anyindividualhouseisjustafragmentofthis

picture,neverthelessithasthepowertomakeormarkthe

overallscene.Inthepastpeopleusedtheircreativetalents

inpaintingtheirhomeswithgreatimaginationandinvaried

butalwayssubtlyblendingcolors.Thelastvestigesofthis

greattraditioncanstillbeseeninthetownsoftheextreme

westofIreland.Ithasneverbeenrecognizedasanartform,

partly,becauseofthephysicaldifficultyofhangingastreet

inagalleryandpartlybecauseit'salwayschanging,aspaint

fadesandisrenewed.Alsoitisacommunalartwhichcannot

beidentifiedwithanyoneperson,exceptinthosemanycases

wheregreatartistsofthepastfoundinspirationinordinary

streetscenesandrecordedtheminpaint.

Followingtheprinciplesofdecorationthatweresosuccessful

inthepast,youshouldfirsttakealonglookatthehouseand

itssurroundingsandconsiderpossiblelimitations.Thefirst

concernstheamountofcolorandintensityinthedaylightin

Britain.Colorsthatlookperfectlyinkeepingwiththesunny,

clearskiesoftheMediterraneanwouldlooktooharshinthe

grayerlightofthenorth.Sincebrightlightisuncomfortable

fortheeyes,colorsmustbestronginordertobeseenclearly.

Viewedinadimmerlighttheyappeartoobright.Itiseasyto

seethisifyoulookatabrickhousewhilethesunis

alternatelyshiningandthengoingbehindacloud.The

brickworkcolorslookmuchmoreintensewhenthesunishidden.

Thesecondlimitationisthecolorsofthesurroundings:the

colorswhichgobestwithCotswoldstoneandarollinggreen

countrysidewillbedifferentfromthosethatlookbestbythe

seaorinared-brick/blue-slateindustrialtown.Ineveryarea

therearealwayscolorsthatatoncelookinkeeping.

Inmanyareastherearedistinctivetraditionsintheuseof

colorthatmaybeausefulguide.Theeasterncountiesof

EnglandandScotland,particularlythosewithalocal

traditionofrenderingorplastering,usecolorsapplied

solidlyoverthewall.Usuallyonlythewindowframesanddoors

arepickedoutinanothercolor,oftenwhiteorpalegray.

TypicalwallcolorsarethepinkassociatedwithSuffolkand

palebuffsandyellowsofFife.Muchstrongercolorssuchas

deepearthred,orange,blueandgreenarealsocommon.Inthe

coastalvillagesofEssex,aswellasinlandinHertfordshire,

thehouse-frontsofoverlappingboardsaretraditionally

paintedblack—originallytarredlikeships一withwindowsand

doorsoutlinedinwhite.InstoneareasofYorkshireandfarther

north,colorisrarer:thehousesareusuallyleftintheir

naturalcolor,thoughmanyarepaintedwhiteastheyprobably

allwereonce.

Accordingtothepassagewhenputtingpaintontheoutsideof

yourhouse,youshouldbecareful.

A.nottoletotherpeopleinterfere

B.tousepaintthatwillwithstandbothwinterandsummer

conditions

C.totakeintoaccountthegeneralappearanceofthearea

D.toallowforslightfadingofthecolors

12、

Thereasonthepaintingofthehousehasnotbeenlookedon

asanartform,seemstobe.

A.thepublic*sinabilitytoappreciatetherangeofcolors

involved

B.thefailureofartgalleriestoconvincethecritics

C.theimpossibilityofdisplayingittothegallery-going

public

D.atendencytoputcommunalartinalessseriouscategory

13、

Whichofthefollowingmaybeobservedwhenlookingatthe

brickworkofahouse?

A.Sunshinecausesitscolortoseemsoothing.

B.Thenaturalcolorisemphasizedwhenthesungoesin.

C.Thebricksappeartobebrighterincolorinsunlight.

D.Paintedbricksareveryintenseincoloring.

14、

Thewriterseemstothinkthattoagreatextentyourchoice

ofcolorwillbedeterminedby.

A.thecharacteristiclocalcolors

B.aneedtomakeyourhouselOokartistic

C.thelimitednumberofcolorsavailablelocally

D.yourdesiretomakeyourhouselookdifferent

15、

Whyareweather-boardedhousespaintedwhiteaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Tocontrastwiththecoloredwindow-framesanddoors.

B.Asabreakwiththetraditionalcoloring.

C.Becausethisisthetradition.

D.Tocovertheoriginaltarredsurface.

16、MychurchrecentlystagedaSensitivitySundaytomake

ourcongregationawareoftheproblemsfacedbypeoplewith

physicalhandicaps.Weareaskedto"adoptahandicap”for

severalhoursonSundaymorning.Somememberschosetobe

confinedtowheelchairs,othersstuffedcottonintheirears,

hobbledaroundoncrutches,orworeblindfolds.

Wheelchairshadneverseemedlikescaryobjectstomebefore

Ihadtositinone.Atightknotgrabbedholdinmystomach

whenIfirsttookacloselookatwhatwastobemyonlymeans

ofgettingaroundforseveralhours.Iwasstuckbythe

irrationalthought,“onceIaminthiswheelchair,thehandicap

mightbecomereal,andImightneverwalkagain."Thisthought,

asridiculousasitwas,frightenedmesomuchthatIneeded

alargedoseofcouragejusttositdown.

AfterIovercamemyfearofthewheelchair,Ihadtolearnhow

tocopewithit.Iwiggledaroundtofindacomfortableposition

andthoughtImightevenenjoybeingpamperedandwheeledaround.

Iglancedovermyshouldertoseewhowouldbepushingme.It

wasonlythenthatIrealizedIwouldhavetonavigatethe

contraptionallbymyself!Mypalmsreddenedandstartedto

stingasItuggedattheheavymetalwheels.Icouldnotseem

tokeepthechaironanevencourseorpointthewheelsin

directionIwantedtogo.Ikeptbumpingintodoors,pews,and

otherpeople.Ifeltasthougheveryonewasstaringatmeand

commentingonmyclumsiness.

Whentheservicestarted,moreproblemscroppeduptofrustrate

meevenfurther.Everytimethecongregationstoodup,myview

wasblocked.Icouldnotseetheminister,thechoir,orthe

altar.Also,asthechurch'saisleswerenarrow,Iseemedto

beinthewaynomatterwhereIparkedmyself.Forinstance,

theushershadtosteparoundmeinordertopassthecollection

plate.ThisShademefeellikeanuisance.Thankstoanew

buildingprogram,ourchurchwillsoonhavethewideaislesand

well-spacedpewsthatwillmakelifeeasierforthehandicapped.

Finally,ifpeoplestoppedtotalktome,Ihadtostrainmy

necktolookupatthem.Thismademefeellikealittlechild

beingtalkeddowntoandaddedtomysenseofhelplessness.

Myfewhoursasadisabledpersonleftadeepimpressiononme.

Now,Inolongerfeelresentmentatlargetaxexpendituresfor

rampequippedbuses,andIwouldn'tdreamofparkingmycarin

aspacemarked,'HandicappedOnly."Althoughmycloseencounter

withahandicapwasshort-lived,Icannowunderstandthe

challenges,bothphysicalandemotional,thatwheelchair-bound

peoplemustovercome.

To，zadoptahandicap"thewriterchoseto.

A.beconfinedtowheelchairs

B.stuffcottoninhisears

C.hobblearoundoncrutches

D.wearblindfolds

17、

Whydidthewritersay“Wheelchairshadneverseemedlikescary

objectstomebeforeIhadtositinone”?

A.Becauseatightknotwouldgrabbedholdinhisstomach.

B.Becausehewouldhavetositinoneforseveralyears.

C.Becausehewouldneverwalkagain.

D.Becauseitseemedasifthehandicapmightbecomereal.

18、

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword

“clumsiness”?

A.Unskilifulness.

B.Embarrassment.

C.Impoliteness.

D.Stupidty.

19、

Thewriterlistedproblemsthatfrustratedhimduring

theservice.

A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five

20、

Accordingtothepassageitcanbeinferredthat.

A.adoptingahandicapleftadeepimpressiononthewriter

B.thewriterbegantolovethelifeasahandicap

C.thewriterhadovercomethephysicalandemotionalproblems

facedbythehandicapped

D.thewriterhadbeendissatisfiedwithlargetax

expendituresforramp-equippedbuses

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Then,inthe1970s,sciencebegantoshowthatthe

nurture一onlyviewwasindeedtoosimplistic-whichtriggered

abacklashfromtheleft.WhenresearcherslikeRichard

HerrnsteinandE.0.Wilsondemonstratedthatgenesdoplaya

significantroleinhumanintelligenceandbehavior,for

example,theywerevilifiedbymanyoftheircolleagues.And

justafewyearsago,aconferencedesignedtoexplorethe

geneticrootsofviolencehadtobecanceledinthefaceof

widespreadcondemnation.

B.Butifyouthinkthiscompromisehasstoppedthearguments,

thinkagain.Scientistsandphilosophersarestillgetting

steamedupovertheissue,butnowthey'refightingover

percentages,overhowmuchofhumancharacterisshapedbygenes

andhowmuchbyenvironment.AndaccordingtoStevenPinker,

aprofessorofpsychologyattheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology,wecontinuetogivefartoomuchcredittothe

latter.Inanewbook,TheBlankSlate:TheModernDenialof

HumanNature(Viking),Pinkerarguesthatignorance,prejudice

andpoliticalcorrectnesshavekeptscientistsandthepublic

fromappreciatingthepowerofourgenes.

C.Thebacklashwasunderstandable,saysPinker.Onceyou

suggestthathumannatureisinanywayhardwired,it'seasier

fortheunscrupuloustowriteoffentiregroupsasgenetically

inferior-astheNazisdidwithJews,PolesandGypsies.If

have-notsaregeneticallylackingindriveorintelligenceor

ambition,what'sthepointoffightingpoverty?

D.Thatechoed20thcenturyliberalsocialtheory:violence,

crimeandpovertywerenotthefaultoftheviolent,thelawless

andthepoorbutofsociety.Improvelivingconditionsandyou

willcurdtheproblems.Thesenotions,ofcourse,,flewinthe

faceofeverythingconservativeshelddear—theideathatthe

lowerclasseswereinherentlystupidandlazy,forexample,and

thatrehabilitatinglawbreakerswasanexerciseinfutility

whichmayhavebeenpartoftheirappeal.

E.AnyonewhohasreadPinker'searlierbookswillrightlyguess

thathislatesteffortissimilarlysweeping,erudite,sharply

argued,richlyfootnotedandfuntoread.It'salsohighly

persuasive.Theviewthatenvironmentisparamountbegan,he

says,withthephilosophersoftheEnlightenment:JohnLocke,

Jean-JacquesRousseau,ReneDescartesandJohnStuartMill.And

itwasreinforcedinthe1950sbyHarvardpsychologistB.F.

Skinner,whosaidthatallhumanbehavior,wassimplyasetof

conditionedresponses.

F.Inoneimportantsensetheargumentovernatureandnurture

hasbeenresolved.Forcenturies,thenaturecampsaidthat

personalitiesareborn,notmade,thatourcharacterispretty

muchformedbythetimewepopoutofthewomb.Thenurture

peoplecounteredwiththemetaphorofthetabularasa:ourmind

startsoutasablankslate,andit'showwearerearedthat

determineswhatgetswrittenonit.Modernscience,

though—especiallyourfast-growingunderstandingofthehuman

genome—makesitclearthatbothsidesarepartlyright.Nature

endowsuswithinbornabilitiesandpersonalitytraits;nurture

takestheserawmaterialsandmoldsthemaswelearnandmature.

G.Plenty,saysPinker.Compassionandaltruism(whichhe

thinksalsoareatleastpartlyhardwired)aregoodreasonsto

makelifebetterforthosewhostartoutatadisadvantage.And

whilePinkeralsoadmits,albeitinalessstridentvoice,that

environmentplaysasignificantpartinhowweturnout,he

insistsit'sjustnotthewholestoryandourgenes,which

haven，tgotenoughrespect,doplaysignificantroles.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Ifallformsofmercykillingar