高中英語定語從句詳解與練習(xí)

高中英語定語從句詳解Ⅰ.概念：(1)定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1)引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個連詞；2)必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關(guān)系代詞:that、which、who、whom、as,在從句中作主語，賓語，whose定語)常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）:when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。Ⅱ.幾個關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語)如：1.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.3.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?4.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.5.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.●which:指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;只可指人whom:賓格，在從句中作賓語;只可指人whose:屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代詞如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)3.He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.4.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.5.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語：（介詞+whom/which）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時,介詞可放于從句之首,也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。）1.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.2.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?3.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?4.Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?5.Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)●as的用法:(as引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：※1.Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書。2..---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.3.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.比較：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比較：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定語從句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（結(jié)果狀語從句）②如為非限制性的，多單獨引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點"。（動詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作賓語)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主語）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.（as作賓語）=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(賓語,先行詞是前面整個句子)Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句:●When指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞（如：time,day,week,tear,month,etc.）HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.注意：先行詞為"時間名詞"，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較:1.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作狀語）2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作賓語）3.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.●Where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如：place,school,factory,room,etc.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.(B)who&that:who和that指代人時，有些情況宜用who,而不宜用that①先行詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people時.如：1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.②在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人.如：1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.③當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時.如：1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.●as&which:as&which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：①位置的不同：which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置較靈活，也就是說as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.②先行詞的不同：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞多為一個句子；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞，一個短語或一個句子。1.Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.2.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行詞是一個句子）3.Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.③as一般譯為"正如""就像"，"這一點"asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.一、單項選擇1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.itEX1用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空.1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.2.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.Ex3選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語從句和單句的比較。1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Ex6:介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hedugaholehecouldgotwaterfromthelake.請分析一下定語從句：(

請劃出定語從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)

1.

Another

thing

that

I

found

very

difficult

was

English

grammar.

3.

You

couldn’t

understand

people

who

talked

fast.

4.

I

have

some

ideas

that

may

helpyou.

5.

They

said

something

you

didn’t

like.

6.

My

friends

and

I

talked

about

the

rules

that

we

have

in

school.

定語從句漢譯英練習(xí)：

1、她就是那個努力學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的女孩。

2、他就是我們剛才談?wù)摰哪莻€人。

3、這就是那個爸爸是警察的女孩。

4、他們住在一座窗戶朝南的房子里。

5、我仍然記得我第一次來到這座城市的那一天

。6、這就是我們以前住過的房子

。7、他考試通過了，這使他父母很高興。

8、他們正在談?wù)撛诠珗@里看到的人和物。

9、正在看電視的女孩是Kate。10、她就是照顧這些孩子的護(hù)士。英譯漢：1他們在街上見到的錢是我的。2你見到的那位老師是一位很著名的教師。3昨天晚上打我電話的那個男人在今天早上被殺了。4這部電影是我來到這看的第一部電影。5你知道他們正在談?wù)摰氖虑楹腿藛?？用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：

1.

I

still

remember

the

night

_______I

fi