70-311(轉(zhuǎn)向裝置)國(guó)外汽車行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)萊茵技術(shù) 汽車行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

70/311/EEC關(guān)于成員國(guó)有關(guān)汽車輛及其掛車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)法律國(guó)家汽車質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)中心編譯萊茵技術(shù)（上海）有限公司北京辦事處中文ConsolidatedTEXT統(tǒng)一文本producedbytheCONSLEGsystemoftheOfficeforOfficialPublicationsoftheEuropeanCommunities歐洲共同體官方出版物辦公室CONSLEG體系出版:—Numberofpages:52頁(yè)數(shù)：52頁(yè)OfficeforOfficialPublicationsoftheEuropeanCommunities歐洲共同體官方出版物辦公室1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—1Thisdocumentismeantpurelyasadocumentationtoolandtheinstitutionsdonotassumeanyliabilityforitscontents COUNCILDIRECTIVEof8June1970ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothesteeringequipmentformotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers(70/311/EEC)(OJL133,18.6.1970,p.10)Amendedby:OfficialJournalNo page date?M1CommissionDirective92/62/EECof2July1992L199 3318.7.1992?M2CommissionDirective1999/7/ECof26January1999L40 36 13.2.1999Amendedby:?A1 ActofAccessionofDenmark,IrelandandtheUnitedL73 1427.3.1972KingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland共52頁(yè)第1頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—1本文件純屬文件編制工具，有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)其內(nèi)容不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。?B 1970年6月8日委員會(huì)指令關(guān)于各成員國(guó)汽車及其掛車轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)法律（70/311/EEC）（OJL133，1970年6月18日，第10頁(yè)）由以下指令修訂：公報(bào)編號(hào)頁(yè)碼 日期?M11992年7月2日委員會(huì)指令92/62/EECL199331992年7月18日?M21999年1月26日委員會(huì)指令1999/7/ECL40 36 1999年2月13日由以下指令修訂：?A1丹麥、愛爾蘭、英國(guó)加入歐共體L73 14 1972年3月27日共52頁(yè)第2頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—2 COUNCILDIRECTIVEof8June1970ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothesteeringequipmentformotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers(70/311/EEC)THECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES,HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity,andinparticularArticle100thereof;HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission;HavingregardtotheOpinionoftheEuropeanParliament(1);HavingregardtotheOpinionoftheEconomicandSocialCommittee(2);Whereasthetechnicalrequirementswhichmotorvehiclesmustsatisfypursuanttonationallawsrelate,interalia,totheirsteeringequipment;WhereasthoserequirementsdifferfromoneMemberStatetoanother;whereasitisthereforenecessarythatallMemberStatesadoptthesamerequirementseitherinadditiontoorinplaceoftheirexistingrules,inorder,inparticular,toallowtheEECtypeapprovalprocedurewhichwasthesubjectoftheCouncilDirective(3)of6February1970ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothetypeapprovalofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailerstobeappliedinrespectofeachtypeofvehicle;HASADOPTEDTHISDIRECTIVE:▼M2Article1ForthepurposeofthisDirective,‘vehicle’meansanyvehicleasdefinedinArticle2ofDirective70/156/EEC.▼BArticle2NoMemberStatemayrefusetograntEECtypeapprovalornationaltypeapprovalofavehicleongroundsrelatingtoitssteeringequipmentif this equipment satisfies the requirements set out inthe?M1Annexes?.共52頁(yè)第3頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—2 1970年6月8日委員會(huì)指令關(guān)于成員國(guó)有關(guān)汽車輛及其掛車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)法律（70/311/EEC）考慮到歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體成立時(shí)的條約，尤其是該條約第100條；考慮到委員會(huì)的提議；考慮到歐洲議會(huì)的提議；（1）考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)委員會(huì)的意見；（2）鑒于按照本國(guó)法律，尤其是轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)有關(guān)法律，汽車必須滿足的那些技術(shù)要求；鑒于各成員國(guó)之間上述要求彼此不同；鑒于各成員國(guó)必需在其現(xiàn)有法規(guī)之外另外采用同樣的要求，或者用同樣的要求取代其現(xiàn)有法規(guī)，以便達(dá)到準(zhǔn)許實(shí)施歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體型式認(rèn)證程序之目的。該型式認(rèn)證程序指的是1970年2月6日委員會(huì)指令（1），關(guān)于各成員國(guó)汽車及其掛車型式認(rèn)證的相關(guān)法律，其適用涉及到各種車型；歐洲共同體委員已采用本指令：▼M2第一條本指令中，“車輛”指的是符合《70/156/EEC指令》第二條特征的車輛。▼B第二條如果轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)滿足?附件M1?中的有關(guān)要求，各成員國(guó)均不得拒絕給車輛發(fā)放歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體型式認(rèn)證或國(guó)家型式認(rèn)證。共52頁(yè)第4頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—3▼A1Article2aNoMemberStatemayrefuseorprohibitthesaleorregistration,entryintoserviceoruseofavehicleongroundsrelatingtoitssteeringequipment,ifthisequipmentsatisfiestherequirementssetoutintheAnnex.▼BArticle3Theamendmentsnecessaryforadjustingtherequirementsofthe?M2Annexes?soastotakeaccountoftechnicalprogressshallbeadoptedinaccordancewiththeprocedurelaiddowninArticle13oftheCouncilDirectiveof6February1970onthetypeapprovalofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers.(1)OJNoC160,18.12.1969,p.7.(2)OJNoC10,27.1.1970,p.18.(3)OJNoL42,23.2.1970,p.1.Article41.MemberStatesshallputintoforcetheprovisionscontainingtherequirementsneededinordertocomplywiththisDirectivewithineighteenmonthsofitsnotificationandshallforthwithinformtheCommissionthereof.2.MemberStatesshallensurethatthetextofthemainprovisionsofnationallawwhichtheyadoptinthefieldcoveredbythisDirectivearecommunicatedtotheCommission.Article5ThisDirectiveisaddressedtotheMemberStates.共52頁(yè)第5頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—3 ▼第2a條如果汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)滿足附件中的要求，各成員國(guó)不得拒絕、禁止銷售、注冊(cè)，進(jìn)行維修或使用汽車。▼第三條為了考慮到技術(shù)的發(fā)展，應(yīng)按照1970年2月6日委員會(huì)指令第十三條中的規(guī)定程序，采用校正附件M2所需的關(guān)于汽車及其掛車型式認(rèn)證的修正案。（1）OJNoC160，1969年12月18日，第7頁(yè)。（2）OJNoC10，1970年1月27日，第18頁(yè)。（3）OJNoL1970年2月23日，第1頁(yè)。

▼第四條1.為了在本指令通告后十八個(gè)月內(nèi)遵照?qǐng)?zhí)行，各成員國(guó)應(yīng)實(shí)施必需的規(guī)定，并即時(shí)將實(shí)施情況通知委員會(huì)。2.各成員國(guó)應(yīng)確保將本指令與各國(guó)法律法規(guī)的主要條文相覆蓋的部分與委員會(huì)進(jìn)行溝通。第五條本指令通過寄送方式發(fā)給各成員國(guó)。共52頁(yè)第6頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—4▼M2LISTOFANNEXES1. AnnexI:Scope,definitions,applicationforECtype-approval,grantingofECtype-approvalconstructionprovisions,testprovisions,modificationsofthetypeandamend-mentstoapprovals,conformityofproductionAppendix1: InformationdocumentAppendix2: Type-approvalcertificate2. AnnexII:Brakingperformanceforvehiclesusingthesameenergysourceforsteeringandbraking3. AnnexIII:Additionalprovisionsforvehicleswithauxiliarysteeringequipment(ASE)4. AnnexIV:Provisionsfortrailershavingpurelyhydraulicsteeringtransmissions▼M1ANNEXI▼M2SCOPE,DEFINITIONS,APPLICATIONFORECTYPE-APPROVAL,GRANTINGOFECTYPE-APPROVALCONSTRUCTIONPROVISIONS,TESTPROVISIONS,MODIFICATIONSOFTHETYPEANDAMEND-MENTSTOAPPROVALS,CONFORMITYOFPRODUCTION0. SCOPE0.1. ThisDirectiveappliestothesteeringequipmentofvehiclesofcategoriesM,NandOasdefinedinAnnexIIAtoDirective70/156/EEC.0.2. Itdoesnotcoversteeringequipmentwithapurelypneumatic,purelyelectricorpurelyhydraulictransmissionexcept:0.2.1. auxiliarysteeringequipment(ASE)withapurelyelectricorapurelyhydraulictransmissionforvehiclesofcategoriesMandN;0.2.2. steeringequipmentwithapurelyhydraulictransmissionforvehiclesofcategoryO.共52頁(yè)第7頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—4▼M2附件表1.附件I：歐共體型式認(rèn)證的范圍，定義及申請(qǐng)，歐共體型式認(rèn)證的結(jié)構(gòu)條款，試驗(yàn)條款的準(zhǔn)予，認(rèn)證類型，車型的改型，認(rèn)證的修改以及產(chǎn)品的一致性。附錄1：信息資料文件附錄2：型式認(rèn)證證書2附件II：使用相同能源進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)向和剎車的汽車剎車性能3附件III：帶有輔助轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)（ASE）汽車的附加條款4附件IV：僅帶有液壓轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置掛車的條款▼M1附件I▼M2歐共體型式認(rèn)證的范圍，定義及申請(qǐng)，歐共體型式認(rèn)證的結(jié)構(gòu)條款，試驗(yàn)條款的準(zhǔn)予，認(rèn)證類型，車型改型，認(rèn)證修正案以及生產(chǎn)的一致性。0范圍0.1本指令適用于指令70/156/EEC附件中定義的M、N、O類汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。0.2本指令不適用于單純使用氣動(dòng)、電動(dòng)或液壓的轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置：0.2.1用于M、N類汽車的帶有純電力或純液壓轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)裝置的輔助轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)（ASE）；0.2.2用于O類汽車的帶有純液壓轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。共52頁(yè)第8頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—5▼M11. DEFINITIONSForthepurposesofthisDirective:1.1. Approvalofavehiclemeanstheapprovalofavehicletypewithregardtoitssteeringequipment;1.2. Vehicletypemeansacategoryofvehiclewhichdoesnotdifferwithrespecttothemanufacturer'sdesignationofthevehicletypeand/orvariationswhichcanaffectitssteering;1.3. Steeringequipmentmeansalltheequipmentthepurposeofwhichistodeterminethedirectionofmovementofthevehicle.Thesteeringequipmentconsistsof:—thesteeringcontrol,—thesteeringtransmission,—thesteeredwheels,—theenergysupply,ifany;1.3.1. Steeringcontrolmeansthepartofthesteeringequipmentwhichcontrolsitsoperation,itmaybeoperatedwithorwithoutdirectinterventionofthedriver.Forsteeringequipmentinwhichthesteeringforcesareprovidedsolelyorpartlybythemusculareffortofthedriverthesteeringcontrolincludesallpartsuptothepointwherethesteeringeffortistransformedbymechanical,hydraulicorelectricalmeans;1.3.2. Steeringtransmissionincludesallpartsofthesteeringequipmentwhicharethemeansoftransmittingthesteeringforcesbetweenthesteeringcontrolandthesteeredwheels;itincludesallpartsdownfromthepointwherethesteeringcontroleffortistransformedbymechanical,hydraulicorelectricalmeans;1.3.3. Steeredwheelsmeansthewheelsthealignmentofwhichmaybealtereddirectlyorindirectlyinrelationtothelongitudinalaxisthevehicleinordertodeterminethedirectionofmovementofthevehicle.(Thesteeredwheelsincludetheaxisaroundwhichtheyarerotatedinordertodeterminethedirectionofmovementofthevehicle);共52頁(yè)第9頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—5▼M11.定義在本指令中：1.1.車輛認(rèn)證是指涉及轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的車輛型式認(rèn)證。1.2.車輛型式指的是車輛的分類，其不同于車輛制造商的牌號(hào)及/或可以影響其轉(zhuǎn)向的車輛改型方面。1.3.轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)指所有用于確定汽車運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的裝置轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)包括：—轉(zhuǎn)向控制器—轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置—轉(zhuǎn)向盤—任何可能需要的能源1.3.1.轉(zhuǎn)向控制器指轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)中用于控制其運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的部分，它在有無(wú)駕駛員干預(yù)下都可以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。僅由駕駛員或部分的依靠駕駛員人力作用力的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)，它的轉(zhuǎn)向控制器包括由機(jī)械、液壓或電力方式轉(zhuǎn)變的轉(zhuǎn)向控制力作用點(diǎn)以上的所有部件。1.3.2.轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置包括所有用于在轉(zhuǎn)向控制器與轉(zhuǎn)向盤之間傳輸轉(zhuǎn)向力的各部件；它包括由機(jī)械、液壓或電力方式轉(zhuǎn)變的轉(zhuǎn)向控制力作用點(diǎn)以下的所有部件。1.3.3.轉(zhuǎn)向盤指通過間接或直接方式改變輪子相對(duì)車輛縱軸的對(duì)準(zhǔn)方向用以確定車輛運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的輪狀物。（轉(zhuǎn)向盤包括繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)從而確定車輛運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的轉(zhuǎn)軸）；共52頁(yè)第10頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—6▼M11.3.4. Energysupplyincludesthosepartsofthesteeringequipmentwhichprovideitwithenergy,controltheenergyandwhereappropriate,processandstoreit.Italsoincludesanystoragereservoirsfortheoperatingmediumandthereturnlines,butnotthevehicle'sengine(exceptforthepurposesofitem4.1.3)oritsdrivetotheenergysource;1.3.4.1. Energysourcemeansthatpartoftheenergysupplywhichprovidestheenergyintherequiredforme.g.hydraulicpump,aircompressor;1.3.4.2. Energyreservoirmeansthatpartoftheenergysupplyinwhichtheenergyprovidedbytheenergysourceisstored;1.3.4.3. Storagereservoirmeansthatpartoftheenergysupplyinwhichtheoperatingmediumisstoredatorneartotheatmosphericpressure.1.4. Steeringparameters1.4.1. Steeringcontroleffortmeanstheforceappliedtothesteeringcontrolinordertosteerthevehicle;1.4.2. Steeringtimemeanstheperiodoftimefromthebeginningofthemovementofthesteeringcontroltothemomentatwhichthesteeredwheelshavereachedaspecificsteeringangle;1.4.3. Steeringanglemeanstheanglebetweentheprojectionofalongitudinalaxisofthevehicleandthelineofintersectionofthewheelplane(beingthecentralplaneofthetyre,normaltothespinaxisofthewheel)andtheroadsurface;1.4.4. Steeringforcesmeanalltheforcesoperatinginthesteeringtransmission;1.4.5 Meansteeringratiomeanstheratiooftheangulardisplacementofthesteeringcontroltothemeanofthesweptsteeringangleofthesteeredwheelsforafulllock-to-lockturn;1.4.6. Turningcirclemeansthecirclewithinwhicharelocatedtheprojectionsontothegroundplaneofallthepointsofthevehicle,excludingtheexternalmirrorsandthefrontdirectionindicators,whenthevehicleisdriveninacircle;1.4.7. Nominalradiusofsteeringcontrolmeansinthecaseofasteeringwheeltheshortestdimensionfromitscentreofrotationtotheouteredgeoftherim.Inthecaseofanyotherformofcontrol,itmeansthedistancebetweenitscentreofrotationandthepointatwhichthesteeringeffortisapplied.Ifmorethanonesuchpointisprovided,theonerequiringthegreatesteffortshallbeused.共52頁(yè)第11頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—6▼M11.3.4.供能裝置包括轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)上用于提供能源、控制能源以及適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚砗蛢?chǔ)存能源的部分。它也包括任何用于存儲(chǔ)工作介質(zhì)以及回流管路，但不包括車輛的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)（除了4.1.3項(xiàng)所述目的）或與能源連接的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。1.3.4.1.能源裝置指供能裝置中用于提供所需能源的部分，例如，液壓泵，空壓機(jī)；1.3.4.2.儲(chǔ)能裝置指供能裝置中用于存儲(chǔ)能源的部分1.3.4.3.儲(chǔ)液裝置指供能裝置中用于在接近大氣壓狀態(tài)下存儲(chǔ)工作介質(zhì)的部分。1.4.轉(zhuǎn)向參數(shù)1.4.1.轉(zhuǎn)向控制力指施于轉(zhuǎn)向控制器上使車輛轉(zhuǎn)向的控制力；1.4.2.轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)間指從轉(zhuǎn)向控制器運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)刻到轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)到指定的轉(zhuǎn)向角之間的一段時(shí)間；1.4.3.轉(zhuǎn)向角指車輛縱軸的投影與車輪面（輪胎中心面與車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸垂直）和路面之間交線的夾角。1.4.4.轉(zhuǎn)向力指所有參與轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)的作用力；1.4.5平均轉(zhuǎn)向率指當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)向盤從一個(gè)止動(dòng)方向打到另一個(gè)止動(dòng)方向時(shí)掃過的平均轉(zhuǎn)向角與轉(zhuǎn)向控制器的角位移之間的比率；1.4.6.轉(zhuǎn)向圓指當(dāng)車輛在圓環(huán)內(nèi)行駛時(shí)除了外觀后鏡和前方向指示燈之外的全車各部分在地面投影之內(nèi)的圓；1.4.7.轉(zhuǎn)向控制器額定轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑指當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)向輪從轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)中心到邊沿所轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的最小半徑。對(duì)于任何形式的控制器，它都是指轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)中心到承受轉(zhuǎn)向力的那一點(diǎn)之間的距離。如果該點(diǎn)超過一個(gè)，則需要更大的作用力。共52頁(yè)第12頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—7▼M11.5. TypesofsteeringequipmentDependingonthewaythesteeringforcesareproduced,thefollowingtypesofsteeringequipmentaredistinguished:1.5.1. Formotorvehicles1.5.1.1. Manualsteeringequipmentinwhichthesteeringforcesresultsolelyfromthemusculareffortofthedriver;1.5.1.2. Powerassistedsteeringequipmentinwhichthesteeringforcesresultfromboththemusculareffortofthedriverandtheenergysupply(supplies);1.5.1.2.1.Steeringequipmentinwhichthesteeringforcesresultsolelyfromoneormoreenergysupplieswhentheequipmentisintact,butinwhichthesteeringforcescanbeprovidedbythemusculareffortofthedriveraloneifthereisafaultinthesteering(integratedpowersystems),isalsoconsideredtobepowerassistedsteeringequipment;1.5.1.3. Full-powersteeringequipmentinwhichthesteeringforcesareprovidedsolelybyoneormoreenergysupplies;1.5.1.4. Self-trackingequipmentisasystemdesignedtocreateachangeofsteeringangleononeormorewheelsonlywhenacteduponbyforcesand/ormomentsappliedtothetyretoroadcontact.1.5.2. Fortrailers1.5.2.1. Self-trackingequipmentseeitem1.5.1.4above.1.5.2.2. Articulatedsteeringequipmentinwhichthesteeringforcesareproducedbyachangeindirectionofthetowingvehicleandinwhichthemovementofthesteeredtrailerwheelsisfirmlylinkedtotherelativeanglebetweenthelongitudinalaxisofthetowingvehicleandthatofthetrailer;1.5.2.3. Self-steeringequipmentinwhichthesteeringforcesareproducedbyachangeindirectionofthetowingvehicleandinwhichthemovementofthesteered,trailerwheelsisfirmlylinkedtotherelativeanglebetweenthelongitudinalaxisofthetrailerframeoraloadreplacingitandthelongitudinalaxisofthesub-frametowhichtheaxle(s)is(are)attached.1.5.3. Dependingonthearrangementofthesteeredwheels,thefollowingtypesofsteeringequipmentaredistinguished:共52頁(yè)第13頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—7▼M11.5.轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的種類根據(jù)產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)向力的方式不同，區(qū)分下列不同種類的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)：1.5.1.汽車轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)1.5.1.1.手動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)指單純由駕駛員人力產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)向力進(jìn)行操作的裝置1.5.1.2.助力轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)指由同時(shí)由駕駛員人力和動(dòng)力裝置共同產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)向力的裝置1.5.1.2.1.轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)指當(dāng)該裝置完整時(shí)，由一種或幾種能源產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)向力的裝置，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)（集成動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)）出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，也可僅由駕駛員人力產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)向力，這也是助力轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)；1.5.1.3. 全動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)指完全由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)電源提供轉(zhuǎn)向力的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)；1.5.1.4.自動(dòng)循跡裝置是指當(dāng)加在輪胎與路面上的作用力或力矩作用到一個(gè)或多個(gè)輪胎上時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)向角上產(chǎn)生變化的系統(tǒng)。1.5.2.掛車轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)1.5.2.1.自動(dòng)循跡裝置見上面1.5.1.4項(xiàng)1.5.2.2.絞接式轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)指當(dāng)牽引車變向時(shí)產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)向力，掛車輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)與牽引車縱軸和掛車縱軸保持相對(duì)固定的角度；1.5.2.3. 自主轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)是指當(dāng)牽引車轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)向力，轉(zhuǎn)向同時(shí)，掛車車輪與掛車車架或負(fù)載物縱軸和與掛車輪縱軸之間的相對(duì)角相連接。1.5.3.根據(jù)不同的轉(zhuǎn)向盤位置，分為下列各類轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)：共52頁(yè)第14頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—8▼M11.5.3.1. Front-wheelsteeringequipmentinwhichonlythewheelsofthefrontaxle(s)aresteered.Thisincludesallwheelswhicharesteeredinthesamedirection;1.5.3.2. Rear-wheelsteeringequipmentinwhichonlythewheelsoftherearaxle(s)aresteered.Thisincludesallwheelswhicharesteeredinthesamedirection;1.5.3.3. Multi-wheelsteeringequipmentinwhichthewheelsofoneormoreofeachofthefrontandtherearaxle(s)aresteered;1.5.3.3.1.All-wheelsteeringequipmentinwhichallthewheelsaresteered;1.5.3.3.2.Bucklesteeringequipmentinwhichthemovementofchassispartsrelativetoeachotherisdirectlyproducedbythesteeringforces.▼M21.5.3.4. Auxiliarysteeringequipment(ASE)inwhichthewheelsofaxle(s)ofvehiclesofcategoriesMandNaresteeredinadditiontothewheelsprovidingprincipalsteeringinputnotpurelyelectric,hydraulicorpneumatic,inthesamedirectionorintheoppositedirectiontothewheelsprovidingprincipalsteeringinput,and/orthesteeringangleofthefront,centreand/ortherearwheelsmaybeadjustedrelativetovehiclebehaviour.▼M11.6. TypesofsteeringtransmissionDependingonthewaythesteeringforcesaretransmitted,thefollowingtypesofsteeringtransmissionaredistinguished:1.6.1. Purelymechanicalsteeringtransmissionmeansasteeringtransmissioninwhichthesteeringforcesaretransmittedentirelybymechanicalmeans;1.6.2. Purelyhydraulicsteeringtransmissionmeansasteeringtransmissioninwhichthesteeringforces,somewhereinthetransmission,aretransmittedonlybyhydraulicmeans;1.6.3. Purelyelectricsteeringtransmissionmeansasteeringtransmissioninwhichthesteeringforces,somewhereinthetransmission,aretransmittedonlythroughelectricmeans;1.6.4. Hybridsteeringtransmissionmeansatransmissioninwhichpartofthesteeringforcesaretransmittedthroughoneandtheotherpartthroughanotheroftheabovementionedmeans;共52頁(yè)第15頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—8▼M11.5.3.1.前輪轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)中僅有前橋上的車輪可以操縱轉(zhuǎn)向。它包括所有轉(zhuǎn)向相同的車輪。1.5.3.2.后輪轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)中僅有后橋上的車輪可以操縱轉(zhuǎn)向。它包括所有轉(zhuǎn)向相同的車輪。1.5.3.3.多輪轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)中前后橋上的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)車輪可以操縱轉(zhuǎn)向的裝置。1.5.3.3.1.全輪轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)中所有車輪都可以操縱轉(zhuǎn)向。1.5.3.3.2.扣式轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)中車輛底盤各部分之間的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)直接由轉(zhuǎn)向力產(chǎn)生。▼M21.5.3.4.輔助轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)可以根據(jù)車輛行為進(jìn)行調(diào)整。在此裝置中，除主轉(zhuǎn)向輸入不純粹是電動(dòng)、液壓或氣動(dòng)的車輪之外，M和N類車輛的軸輪在轉(zhuǎn)向上與提供主轉(zhuǎn)向輸入、及/或前輪、中輪及/或后輪的轉(zhuǎn)向角的車輪同向或反向。▼M11.6. 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)類型根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)向力傳輸方式的不同，分為下列轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)類型：1.6.1. 純機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)指轉(zhuǎn)向力完全由機(jī)械方式傳動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)。1.6.2. 純液壓轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)指?jìng)鲃?dòng)裝置的轉(zhuǎn)向力僅由液壓方式傳輸?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)。1.6.3. 純電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)指?jìng)鲃?dòng)裝置的轉(zhuǎn)向力僅由電動(dòng)方式傳輸?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)。1.6.4. 混合轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)指部分轉(zhuǎn)向力由上述一種方式傳輸，其余部分由上述另一種方式傳輸。共52頁(yè)第16頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—9▼M11.6.4.1. Hybridmechanicalsteeringtransmissionmeansasteeringtransmis-sionwhereapartofthesteeringforcesistransmittedbypurelymechanicalmeansandtheotherpartseitherby:1.6.4.1.1.hydraulicormechanical/hydraulicor1.6.4.1.2.electricormechanical/electricor1.6.4.1.3.pneumaticormechanical/pneumaticmeans.Ineithercase,wherethemechanicalpartofthetransmissionisdesignedonlytogivepositionfeedbackandistooweaktotransmitthetotalsumofthesteeringforces,thissystemshallbeconsideredtobepurelyhydraulic,respectivelypurelyelectric,orpurelypneumaticsteeringtransmission;1.6.4.2. Otherhybridsteeringtransmissionmeansanyothercombinationoftheabovementionedsteeringtransmissions.2. APPLICATIONFOREECTYPE-APPROVAL▼M22.1. TheapplicationforECtype-approvalpursuanttoArticle3(4)ofDirective70/156/EECofavehicletypewithregardtoitssteeringequipmentshallbesubmittedbythemanufacturer.2.2. AmodelfortheinformationdocumentisgiveninAppendix1.▼M12.3. Avehiclerepresentativeofthevehicletypetobeapprovedshallbesubmittedtothetechnicalserviceresponsibleforconductingapprovaltests.▼M23. GRANTINGOFECTYPE-APPROVALOFAVEHICLETYPE3.1. Iftherelevantrequirementsaresatisfied,ECtype-approvalpursuanttoArticle4(3)and,ifapplicable,4(4)ofDirective70/156/EECshallbegranted.3.2. AmodelfortheECtype-approvalcertificateisgiveninAppendix2.3.3. Atype-approvalnumberinaccordancewithAnnexVIItoDirective70/156/EECshallbeassignedtoeachtypeofvehicleapproved.ThesameMemberStateshallnotassignthesamenumbertoanothertypeofvehicle.共52頁(yè)第17頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—9▼M11.6.4.1. 混合機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)指部分轉(zhuǎn)向力由純機(jī)械方式傳輸，其余部分或者：1.6.4.1.1.由液壓方式或機(jī)械/液壓方式或1.6.4.1.2.電動(dòng)或機(jī)械/電動(dòng)或1.6.4.1.3.氣動(dòng)方式或機(jī)械/氣動(dòng)方式以上無(wú)論那種方式，傳動(dòng)裝置的機(jī)械部分不足以傳輸全部的轉(zhuǎn)向力，而僅用于反饋位置時(shí)，這樣的系統(tǒng)就應(yīng)被視為純液壓式，純電動(dòng)式或純氣動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置。1.6.4.2. 其他混合轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)指上述轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)方式的任意其他組合。2歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體型式認(rèn)證的申請(qǐng)▼M22.1.制造商依照70/156/EEC指令的第三四條有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)規(guī)定提交歐共體型式認(rèn)證的申請(qǐng)。2.2.附錄1中給出了信息資料文件的式樣。▼M12.3.待認(rèn)證的車型的車輛樣本應(yīng)提交負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行認(rèn)證試驗(yàn)的技術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)。▼M23.歐共體型式認(rèn)證證書發(fā)放3.1.如果滿足有關(guān)要求，應(yīng)依據(jù)《70/156/EEC指令》之第四條第（3）款以及第四條第（4）款（如果適用）之規(guī)定發(fā)放歐共體型式認(rèn)證。3.2.附錄2給出了歐共體型式認(rèn)證證書模板。3.3.應(yīng)給各認(rèn)證車型指定一個(gè)認(rèn)證編號(hào)，該編號(hào)與《70/156/EEC指令》附錄VII之要求一致。同一個(gè)成員國(guó)，不得給另一車型指定同一個(gè)認(rèn)證編號(hào)。共52頁(yè)第18頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—10▼M14. CONSTRUCTIONPROVISIONS4.1. Generalprovisions4.1.1. Thesteeringequipmentshallensureeasyandsafehandlingofthevehicleuptoitsmaximumdesignspeedor,inthecaseofatrailer,uptoitstechnicallypermittedmaximumspeed.Theremustbeatendencytoself-centrewhentestedinaccordancewithitem5.Thevehicleshallmeettherequirementsofitem5.2inthecaseofmotorvehiclesandofitem5.3inthecaseoftrailers.IfavehicleisfittedwithASE,itshallalsomeettherequirementsof?M2AnnexIII?.Trailersequippedwithpurelyhydraulicsteeringtransmissionsshallalsocomplywith?M2AnnexIV?.4.1.1.1. Itmustbepossibletotravelalongastraightsectionoftheroadwithoutunusualsteeringcorrectionbythedriverandwithoutunusualvibrationinthesteeringsystematamaximumdesignspeedofthevehicle.4.1.1.2. Theremustbetravelsynchronizationbetweenthesteeringcontrolandthesteeredwheels,exceptforthewheelssteeredbyASE.4.1.1.3. TheremustbetimesynchronizationbetweenthesteeringcontrolandthesteeredwheelsexceptforthewheelssteeredbyASE.4.1.2. Thesteeringequipmentshallbedesigned,constructedandfittedinsuchawaythatitiscapableofwithstandingthestressesarisingduringnormaloperationofthevehicle,orcombinationofvehicles.Themaximumsteeringangleshallnotbelimitedbyanypartofsteeringtransmissionunlessspecificallydesignedforthispurpose.4.1.2.1. Unlessotherwisespecified,itwillbeassumedthatforthepurposesofthisDirective,notmorethanonefailurecanoccurinthesteeringequipmentatanyonetimeandtwoaxlesononebogieshallbeconsideredasoneaxle.4.1.3. Shouldtheenginestoporapartofthesteeringequipmentfail,withtheexceptionofthosepartslistedinitem4.1.4,thesteeringequipmentshallalwaysmeettherequirementsofitem5.2.6inthecaseofmotorvehiclesandofitem5.3inthecaseoftrailers.共52頁(yè)第19頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—10▼M14.結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)定4.1.總則4.1.1.轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)確保在達(dá)到車輛最高設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速或掛車允許最高時(shí)速時(shí)能夠輕松安全的駕駛。當(dāng)按照5.2項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)時(shí)，車輛必須有自動(dòng)回正的趨向。車輛應(yīng)滿足5.2項(xiàng)對(duì)于汽車或5.3項(xiàng)對(duì)于掛車的要求。▼M1裝有輔助轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)（ASE）的汽車，也應(yīng)滿足?M2附件III?的要求。裝有純液壓轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置的掛車也應(yīng)符合?M2附件IV?的要求。4.1.1.1. 車輛行駛過程中，在沒有駕駛員非正常的轉(zhuǎn)向校正下，必須沿著道路的正直方向行駛，且在車輛最大設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速下轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)沒有異常的振動(dòng)。4.1.1.2.除了由輔助轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)向的車輪，轉(zhuǎn)向控制器與轉(zhuǎn)向輪必須同步行進(jìn)。4.1.1.3.除了由輔助轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)向的車輪，轉(zhuǎn)向控制器與轉(zhuǎn)向輪必須在時(shí)間上同步。4.1.2. 轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)在設(shè)計(jì)、制造和安裝時(shí)確保使其能夠承受車輛或車輛組正常使用中增長(zhǎng)的壓力。除了為此目的而進(jìn)行的特殊設(shè)計(jì)，最大轉(zhuǎn)向角不應(yīng)被轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置的任何部位所限制。4.1.2.1.除非另有規(guī)定，否則在本指令中，假定轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)在任何一個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的故障都不會(huì)超過一處，并且，轉(zhuǎn)向架上的兩個(gè)軸應(yīng)視為一個(gè)軸。4.1.3. 如果發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停止或部分轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)失靈，除4.1.4項(xiàng)所列部分之外，對(duì)于其余汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該滿足5.2.6項(xiàng)的要求，至于掛車應(yīng)滿足5.3項(xiàng)。共52頁(yè)第20頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—11▼M14.1.4. ForthepurposesofthisDirectivethesteeredwheels,thesteeringcontrolandallmechanicalpartsofthesteeringtransmissionshallnotberegardedasliabletobreakageiftheyareamplydimensioned,arereadilyaccessibleformaintenance,andexhibitsafetyfeaturesatleastequaltothoseprescribedforotheressentialcomponents(suchasthebrakingsystem)ofthevehicle.Wherethefailureofanysuchpartwouldbelikelytoresultinlossofcontrolofthevehicle,thatpartmustbemadeofmetalorofamaterialwithequivalentcharacteristicsandmustnotbesubjecttosignificantdistortioninnormaloperationofthesteeringsystem.4.1.5. Anyfailureintransmissionotherthanpurelymechanicalshallclearlybebroughttotheattentionofthevehicledriver;inthecaseofamotorvehicle,anincreaseinsteeringeffortisconsideredtobeawarningsignal;inthecaseofatrailer,amechanicalindicatorispermitted.Whenafailureoccurs,achangeintheaveragesteeringratioispermissibleifthesteeringeffortgiveninitem5.2.6belowisnotexceeded.▼M2▼M14.2.Specialprovisions4.2.1.Steeringcontrol4.2.1.1.Ifthesteeringcontrolisdirectlyhandledbythedriver,4.2.1.1.1.itmustbemanageable;4.2.1.1.2.thedirectionofoperationofthesteeringcontrolmustcorrespondtotheintendedchangeindirectionofthevehicle;4.2.1.1.3.exceptforASE,theremustbeacontinuousandmonotonicrelationbetweenthesteeringcontrolangleandthesteeringangle.4.2.2.Steeringtransmission4.2.2.1.Adjustmentdevicesforsteeringgeometrymustbesuchthatafteradjustmentapositiveconnectioncanbeestablishedbetweentheadjustablecomponentsbyappropriatelockingdevices.4.2.2.2. Steeringtransmissionwhichcanbedisconnectedtocoverdifferentconfigurationsofavehicle(e.g.onextendibletrailers),musthavelockingdeviceswhichensurepositiverelocationofcomponents;wherelockingisautomatic,theremustbeanadditionalsafetylockwhichisoperatedmanually.共52頁(yè)第21頁(yè)1970L0311—中文—1999年2月16日—003.001—11▼M14.1.4.本指令中，如果轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置中的轉(zhuǎn)向輪、轉(zhuǎn)向控制器以及各種機(jī)械部件尺寸充裕，則應(yīng)認(rèn)為其不易損壞、易于維修，且其安全性能至少等同于車輛其他主要部件的相關(guān)規(guī)定要求（例如制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)）。有些部分出現(xiàn)故障將可能導(dǎo)致車輛失控，則這些部分必須由金屬或與其特性相當(dāng)?shù)牟牧纤M成，且在轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的變形。4.1.5. 傳動(dòng)裝置上除了純機(jī)械方面的任何故障都應(yīng)引起車輛駕駛員的注意，當(dāng)汽車出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)向力加劇的情況，應(yīng)被視為一種警告信號(hào)，對(duì)于掛車，允許使用機(jī)械指示燈。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，如果沒有超過如5.2.6給出的轉(zhuǎn)向力，允許平均轉(zhuǎn)向率發(fā)生變化。▼M2▼M14.2. 特殊規(guī)定4.2.1. 轉(zhuǎn)向控制器4.2.1.1.如果轉(zhuǎn)向控制器由駕駛員直接操作。4.2.1.1.1.轉(zhuǎn)向控制器必須易于控制；4.2.1.1.2.轉(zhuǎn)向控制器的運(yùn)行方向必須與車輛轉(zhuǎn)向方向相一致。4.2.1.1.3.除了輔助轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)，其他轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)向控制角與轉(zhuǎn)向角之間必須連續(xù)無(wú)變化。4.2.2. 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置4.2.2.1.轉(zhuǎn)向幾何的調(diào)整裝置必須滿足經(jīng)過調(diào)整后，可調(diào)零件之間由合適的鎖止裝置可靠連接。4.2.2.2. 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)裝置可以被卸下從而滿足不同的車輛配置（例如軸距可調(diào)節(jié)的掛車），并需有鎖止設(shè)備從而確保各部件正確的重定位；其中鎖是自動(dòng)的，但必須有手動(dòng)操作的附加安全鎖。共52頁(yè)第22頁(yè)1970L0311—EN—16.02.1999—003.001—12▼M14.2.3.Steeredwheels4.2.3.1. Thesteeredwheelsshallnotbesolelytherearwheels.Thisrequirementdoesnotapplytosemi-trailers.4.2.3.2. Trailers(withtheexceptionofsemi-trailers)whichhavemorethanoneaxlewithsteeredwheelsandsemi-trailerswhichhaveatleastoneaxlewithsteeredwheelsmustfulfiltheconditionsgiveninitem5.3below.However,fortrailerswithself-trackingequipmentatestunderitem5.3isnotnecessaryiftheaxleloadratiobetweentheunsteeredandtheself-trackingaxlesequalsorexceeds1,6underallloadingconditions.4.2.4.Energysupply4.2.4.1.Thesameenergysourcemaybeusedtosupplythesteeringequipmentandthebrakingdevice.However,inthecaseofafailureofeithertheenergysupplyorafailureinoneofthetwosystemsthefollowingconditionsmustbefulfilled:4.2.4.1.1.Thesteeringequipments