沖刺2024年高考英語真題重組卷02

沖刺2024年高考英語真題重組卷（北京專用）真題重組卷02注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。本試卷共18頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。（2022·北京·高考真題）OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I1amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.ThiswastheverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill(寒意)gothroughmybody.Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopenthedoor.Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothehospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He’dneedtimeto5,andwouldn’teforclassthenextday,Ithought.Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwouldopenthedoor.”ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,everyminutefeelslikeforever.Hedidn’tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thisfiveyearoldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin10.1．A．caused B．spotted C．checked D．imagined2．A．hesitantly B．randomly C．dizzily D．carefully3．A．a(chǎn)ngry B．a(chǎn)bsent C．special D．noisy4．A．courageous B．content C．unable D．unwilling5．A．recover B．play C．change D．wait6．A．settle B．gather C．a(chǎn)rrive D．react7．A．sneeze B．weep C．plaint D．laughter8．A．lucky B．happy C．curious D．nervous9．A．showup B．pullup C．holdup D．lineup10．A．gratitude B．forgiveness C．faith D．kindness【答案】1．B2．D3．B4．C5．A6．C7．D8．B9．A10．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。一個小男孩上學(xué)去晚了，被關(guān)在了門外，小男孩推不開門，于是大冬天的在門外等了很久，直到老師不經(jīng)意間發(fā)現(xiàn)門有動靜，才注意到他被關(guān)在門外。小男孩堅定地相信老師會給他開門，這種信念讓老師一直銘記于心。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木門動了一下。A.caused引起、使發(fā)生；B.spotted看見、注意到；C.checked檢查、核對；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)后面的“amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.”可知，此處表示看到門動了下，spot符合語境。故選B項。2．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這正是那扇我小心翼翼地領(lǐng)著孩子們穿過，以確保他們不受嚴(yán)寒侵襲的門。A.hesitantly遲疑地、躊躇地；B.randomly隨機(jī)地；C.dizzily頭暈眼花地；D.carefully小心地、謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)后面的“toensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.”可知，要確保孩子們不受嚴(yán)寒侵襲，說明是小心翼翼地領(lǐng)著孩子們通過，carefully符合語境。故選D項。3．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：是我幼兒園的一個孩子，我以為他那天沒來。A.angry生氣的、憤怒的；B.absent缺席的、不在的；C.special特殊的、特別的；D.noisy嘈雜的、聒噪的。根據(jù)下文的“Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas

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toopenthedoor.”可知，是小男孩來晚了，又開不了門，所以老師以為他沒來，此處absent符合語境。故選B項4．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到學(xué)校，打不開門。A.courageous勇敢的；B.content滿足的、滿意的；C.unable無法勝任的、不會的；D.unwilling不愿意的。根據(jù)上文的“theheavywoodendoor.”和下文的“Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!”可知，門很重，小男孩打不開，所以才在門外等了很久，此處指“打不開門”，unable符合語境。故選C項5．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他需要時間恢復(fù)，我想他第二天不會來上課了。A.recover恢復(fù)、康復(fù)；B.play玩鬧、戲弄；C.change改變；D.wait等待。根據(jù)前面的“Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.”可知，小男孩手凍傷了，所以需要時間恢復(fù)，此處recover符合語境。故選A項。6．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那凍傷的小男孩是第一批趕到的人之一。A.settle解決、定居；B.gather聚集、召集；C.arrive到達(dá)；D.react反應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了進(jìn)來，說明是來了學(xué)校，故此處指第一批到達(dá)學(xué)校的人，應(yīng)用arrive。故選C項7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他不僅精力充沛地跑了進(jìn)來，而且他的笑聲還像以前一樣響亮！A.sneeze打噴嚏；B.weep哭泣；C.plaint抱怨；D.laughter笑聲。根據(jù)前面的“Notonlydidheruninwithenergy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了進(jìn)來，說明身體恢復(fù)好了，結(jié)合后面的“couldbeheardasloudasever”可知，此處應(yīng)指“笑聲和以前一樣響亮”，laughter符合語境。故選D項8．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我給了他一個溫暖的擁抱，告訴他我很高興見到他。A.lucky幸運(yùn)的；B.happy開心的、幸福的；C.curious好奇的；D.nervous緊張的、擔(dān)憂的。根據(jù)上文“He’dneedtimeto

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,andwouldn’teforclassthenextday,Ithought.”可知，作者以為小男孩不會來學(xué)校，所以看到小男孩的時候，應(yīng)該是開心的，happy符合語境。故選B項9．考查短語辨析。句意：在那個寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出現(xiàn)。A.showup露面，出現(xiàn)；B.pullup拔起、停下來；C.holdup舉起、阻擋；D.lineup排隊。根據(jù)上下文語義可知，小男孩在門口等了很久，才等到大人出現(xiàn)給他開門，此處用showup符合語境。故選A項10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個五歲的孩子給我在信念方面上了一堂有力的課。A.gratitude感激；B.forgiveness寬恕；C.faith信任、信念；D.kindness善良、仁慈。根據(jù)前面“Hedidn’tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.”可知，小男孩在門口等了很久，卻沒有試圖回家，說明小男孩有很強(qiáng)的的信念，故此處指老師從小男孩身上學(xué)到了一些關(guān)于信念的東西，此處指“關(guān)于信念的課”，faith符合語境。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheirplexroots.When11(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect12(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China13(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.【答案】11．seen12．cities13．hasestablished【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。紅樹林，生長在陸地和海洋之間，有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲，到目前為止，中國已建立了一批紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。11．考查狀語從句的省略。句意：從遠(yuǎn)處看，紅樹林顯得更加壯觀。逗號前面是when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，當(dāng)狀語從句和主句主語是同一主語時，且從句含有be動詞，從句可以省略主語和be動詞。在從句中，主語為themangroveforests，和動詞see是被動關(guān)系，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，完整形式為whentheyareseenfromafar，省略主語和be動詞，故填seen。12．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：紅樹林有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲。此處應(yīng)用名詞city作賓語，為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，故填cities。13．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了一些紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。由Uptonow(到目前為止)可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是China，助動詞應(yīng)用has，故填hasestablished。B（2022·北京·高考真題）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor14(they),theygettakeoutororderdelivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof15areonlygoodforoneuse.That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven16(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics17(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.【答案】14．themselves15．which16．worse17．hasincreased【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了人們在點外賣的同時，也增加了塑料產(chǎn)品的使用，造成了環(huán)境污染?！驹斀狻?.考查反身代詞。句意：因為人們不能總是在外面吃飯或者為他們自己做飯，所以他們叫外賣或者預(yù)定配送服務(wù)?？仗幵诰渲凶鹘樵~for的賓語，當(dāng)主語和賓語為同一物時，賓語要用反身代詞。所以此處要用反身代詞themselves。故填themselves。2.考查定語從句。句意：這包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多數(shù)（東西）只能使用一次。分析可知，mostof______areonlygoodforoneuse在句中為非限制性定語從句；先行詞為cups,bottles,andbags，在從句中作介詞of的賓語，所以此處用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。3.考查比較級。句意：這是個大問題，而且越來越嚴(yán)重。even“甚至”常置于比較級前，所以此處用worse，故填worse。4.考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：自從2019年，那些塑料的使用已經(jīng)增加了300%。根據(jù)句中since2019，可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語Theuseofthoseplastics為單數(shù)含義，助動詞用has。故填hasincreased。C（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守時).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I18(throw)ahousewarmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup19(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest20(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.【答案】18．wouldthrow19．exactly20．hadarrived【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在瑞士和法國體驗到的不同的守時習(xí)俗。18．考查時態(tài)。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)時，我感到非常驚訝。表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)應(yīng)用過去將來時。故填wouldthrow。19．考查副詞。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)時，我感到非常驚訝。修飾介詞短語ontime應(yīng)用副詞exactly，故填exactly。20．考查時態(tài)。句意：多年以后，搬到法國后，我在約定的時間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場，女主人還穿著睡衣。從句中表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填hadarrived。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題）TheInternationalOlympicmittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheirmunitiesthroughsport.TwentyfiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafouryearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstpletethe4WeekLearningSprint(沖刺).4WeekLearningSprintThe4WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtopleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullypletingthe4WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants?Youhavesuccessfullypletedthe4WeekLearningSprint.?Youhavepletedyourhighschoolstudies.?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.?Youareselfmotivatedandmitted.?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourmunity.?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21．Inthe4WeekLearningSprint,participantswill________.A．createchangeintheirmunity B．a(chǎn)ttendavirtuallearningprogrammeC．meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds D．promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22．IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto________.A．pleteareflectiontaskeachweek B．watchsportsontheIOCchannelC．workonasportbasedproject D．coachandadvisetheirpeers23．Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A．Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood. B．Havingatleastoneyearworkexperience.C．Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning. D．mittingthemselvestobeinganexpert.【答案】21．B22．C23．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個成為國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖的項目以及要求。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4WeekLearningSprint部分中“The4WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.(為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺是一個虛擬學(xué)習(xí)計劃，將于2023年11月進(jìn)行。這些會議可以現(xiàn)場觀看，也可以在IOC頻道播出后觀看)”可知，在為期四周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺中，參與者將參加虛擬學(xué)習(xí)課程。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4WeekLearningSprint部分中“Aftersuccessfullypletingthe4WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.(在成功完成為期4周的沖刺學(xué)習(xí)后，您需要提交一份以體育為基礎(chǔ)的項目計劃，如果您被選為國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖，您將參與其中)”可知，如果被選為國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖，需要做一個以運(yùn)動為基礎(chǔ)的項目。故選C。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中“Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.(你至少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗)”可知，對申請人的要求是至少一年工作經(jīng)驗。故選B。B（2022·北京·高考真題）MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedaprepresentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakoneononewithhim—anideathathadseemedpletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtomittopletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI’verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle(障礙)thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican’t.Theysaygoodthingsetothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.24．WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice’sanxiety?A．Herinabilitytoactherage. B．Herhabitofconsumption.C．Herdesiretobeperfect. D．Herlackofinspiration.25．HowdidGrantBrown’spresentationinfluenceAlice?A．Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature. B．Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.C．Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire. D．Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.26．TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobeemore________.A．intelligent B．confident C．innovative D．critical27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Patienceisacureofanxiety.C．Actionisworry’sworstenemy. D．Everythingestothosewhowait.【答案】24．C25．A26．B27．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者通過參加保護(hù)自然活動治愈好了自己的焦慮。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.(我的完美主義傾向是這一點的主要根源：無論我做什么，我都想做到完美，這在生活中顯然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美導(dǎo)致了焦慮。故選C項。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.(一天，我在高中參加了野生動物保護(hù)主義者GrantBrown的演講。他的演講不僅讓我感到敬畏和鼓舞，還幫助我產(chǎn)生了一種內(nèi)在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作為。)”和文章第三段“ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtomittopletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.(在我收到他的邀請后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“YouthforNature”和“YouthforPlane”組織的申請。我決定致力于完成這些申請，很快我就成為了一個日益壯大的全球年輕人保護(hù)自然團(tuán)隊的一員。)”可知，是GrantBrown讓作者開始為從事保護(hù)自然地活動中。故選A項。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Idecidedtomittopletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我決定完成申請，很快我就成為了一個不斷壯大的全球年輕人保護(hù)自然團(tuán)隊的一員。每一步都讓我更加自信。)”可知，Alice加入這些活動讓她變得更自信了。故選B項。27．推理判斷題。由第一段“Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.”（去年年初，我被一種焦慮困擾，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“Idecidedtomittopletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我決定完成申請，很快我就成為了一個不斷壯大的全球年輕人保護(hù)自然團(tuán)隊的一員。每一步都讓我更加自信。)可知，文章主要講述作者通過參加保護(hù)自然活動治愈好了自己的焦慮。所以從文章中我們能學(xué)到行動是憂慮最大的敵人。故選C項。C（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshorttermismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlongertermcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,wellbeingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesormunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshortsighteddecisions.Andonslowburningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(犧牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeotherneartermdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelongertermtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsectcoveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28．TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.A．drawaparisonB．introduceatopicC．evaluateastatementD．highlightaproblem29．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B．Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C．Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D．Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortings.30．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Farsightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B．Humanstendtomakelongtermsacrifices.C．Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecisionmaking.D．Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreduceneartermdesires.【答案】28．D29．C30．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會的一個重大問題。事實證明，人們對現(xiàn)在有偏見，以犧牲健康為代價，專注于當(dāng)下有吸引力的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和財務(wù)穩(wěn)定。28．推理判斷題。第一段首句“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshorttermismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會的一個重大問題。)”提出一個問題——短期主義，接著下文“ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.(歷史學(xué)家弗朗西斯?科爾（FrancisCole）認(rèn)為，西方已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個“只有現(xiàn)在存在的時代，現(xiàn)在的特點是瞬間的殘酷和無休止的現(xiàn)在的無聊”。)”引用歷史學(xué)家FrancisCole的話來強(qiáng)調(diào)只注重現(xiàn)在的這種短期主義的危害，由此可推知，文章引用FrancisCol的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)一個問題，故選D。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.(一位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人想削弱人類，他們不會派出飛船；他們會發(fā)明氣候變化。的確，在環(huán)境變化的問題上，我們可以形成一種集體的“記憶不良”，每一代人都會認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況并沒有什么不同尋常的)”可知，一位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人想要削弱人類，他們會發(fā)明氣候變化，通過這種方式來削弱人類，因為人們對于氣候變化形成一種集體的“記憶不良”，認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況沒什么異常的，由此可推知人們不擅長察覺出緩慢的變化，故選C。30．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshorttermismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會的一個重大問題。)”提出一個問題——短期主義，和第二段“Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,wellbeingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesormunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshortsighteddecisions.Andonslowburningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(犧牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.(事實證明人們對現(xiàn)在有偏見，以犧牲健康為代價，只專注于當(dāng)下引人注目的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和穩(wěn)定。在商業(yè)中，這種偏見表現(xiàn)為短視決策。在氣候變化等緩慢燃燒的問題上，這意味著不愿意今天做出小的犧牲，而這些犧牲可能會在明天產(chǎn)生重大影響。)”可知，文章主要講述了短視決策的危害，呼吁我們要做出有遠(yuǎn)見的思考。由此可推知，作者的寫作目的是告訴我們有遠(yuǎn)見的思考對人類的重要性，故選A。D（2021·北京·高考真題）Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（學(xué)期）projectofvolunteeringatanonprofitorganization．Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）．MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme．Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids．WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（絕望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild．Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether．WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild．Overthepastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwaspleted．Whilemakingthekits，IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit．IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon．Whenthekitswerepleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget．Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．31．HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning？A．Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans．B．Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas．C．Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade．D．Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations．32．Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A．ImagesofIraqichildren． B．Researchbyhis/herclassmates．C．Ateacher'sintroduction． D．Arepresentative'sments．33．Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento________．.A．beeOICvolunteers B．furthertheireducationC．studyinforeigncountries D．influenceotherchildren34．Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A．One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated．B．Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted．C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．D．Hewhohesitatesislost．【答案】31．D32．A33．B34．B【分析】本文是記敘文。講述了作者一開始認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達(dá)到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）．Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewith

theplansIhadinmind．”（當(dāng)老師向我們介紹了需要我們幫助的不同組織時，我最后的選擇是伊拉克兒童行動(OIC)。我對這個組織的第一印象是，它不會對我心中的計劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。）可知，一開始作者認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達(dá)到他的期望。故選D。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（絕望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．”（當(dāng)我上網(wǎng)訪問OIC網(wǎng)站時，我看到了伊拉克兒童的照片。他們的臉上傳遞的信息是絕望和需要幫助，我毫不猶豫地加入了這個項目。）可知，伊拉克兒童圖片幫助作者改變了他對這個項目的態(tài)度。故選A。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．”（現(xiàn)在我們的項目結(jié)束了，我意識到我不僅影響了一個人的生活，而且影響了十個人的生活。在我們的努力下，10名男孩和女孩現(xiàn)在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克兒童行動組織幫助十個伊拉克兒童繼續(xù)接受教育。故選B。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．”（我對這個組織的第一印象是，它不會對我心中的計劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。）和最后一段“Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelife

ofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．”（一開始，我鼓勵自己去改變另一個人的生活?，F(xiàn)在我們的項目結(jié)束了，我意識到我不僅影響了一個人的生活，而且影響了十個人的生活。在我們的努力下，十名男孩和女孩現(xiàn)在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知，一開始作者認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動不會達(dá)到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2020·北京·高考真題）Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.35Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.36Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.37Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.38Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.39Thinkinginapositive,selfencouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A．Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldisfort,either.B．Negativeselftalkdamagesselfconfidenceanddecreasesselfrespect.C．Ithelpsonetoremainclearheadedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D．Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E．Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F．Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothemonandregularwayofthinking.G．Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】35．B36．D37．C38．G39．A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了積極思考對人產(chǎn)生的各種益處，同時將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，分析兩種人的差異。積極思維是應(yīng)對困難時期和提高個人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具。35．根據(jù)上文“Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我對話是一個人持續(xù)不斷的想法，他常常對一些事件、現(xiàn)象、人，甚至是他自己都沒有意識和不確定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同時，積極的思考可以幫助停止消極的自我對話，開始形成對一個問題的積極的觀點)”由此可知，上文對自我對話進(jìn)行了定義，后文則提到了積極的思考可以有助于停止消極的自我對話，可知本句是在