軟需考前試卷軟件建模復(fù)習(xí)

1軟件建模與分析--------------復(fù)習(xí)2課程內(nèi)容兩部分UML可視化建模基礎(chǔ)OO和VM概念各種UML圖掌握UML面向?qū)ο蠓治雠c設(shè)計(jì)軟件工程最佳實(shí)踐OOAOOD3第一部分：UML可視化建模基礎(chǔ)IntroductiontoObjectTechnologyPrinciplesofVMConceptsofOOUse-casemodeling√InteractionDiagrams√ClassDiagrams√OtherUMLDiagrams√UMLCommonMechanisms41.OO和VMOO的定義及OO技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)什么是模型？為什么需要建模可視化建模的四個(gè)原則UML的定義基于UML的開發(fā)過程的三個(gè)特征用例驅(qū)動(dòng)以架構(gòu)為中心迭代開發(fā)52.用例模型什么是用例模型－系統(tǒng)行為兩種圖（定義、元素、示例）：用例圖用例，執(zhí)行者用例的事件流泛化、包含、擴(kuò)展活動(dòng)圖活動(dòng)狀態(tài)、決策點(diǎn)、監(jiān)視條件、同步條（分叉、匯合）泳道63.交互圖什么是交互圖－動(dòng)態(tài)行為兩種圖順序圖執(zhí)行者實(shí)例、對(duì)象、生命線、消息、控制焦點(diǎn)協(xié)作圖執(zhí)行者實(shí)例、對(duì)象、鏈接、消息比較異同點(diǎn)74.類圖什么是類圖－靜態(tài)視圖包的定義和作用類的聯(lián)系關(guān)聯(lián)多重性、角色名、導(dǎo)航、關(guān)聯(lián)類聚合、組合泛化依賴85.其它UML圖狀態(tài)圖用來(lái)描述一個(gè)特定對(duì)象的所有可能狀態(tài)及其引起狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移的事件。狀態(tài)、轉(zhuǎn)移、事件、進(jìn)入/退出動(dòng)作、活動(dòng)子狀態(tài)、歷史狀態(tài)部署圖表示運(yùn)行時(shí)的計(jì)算資源的物理分布（節(jié)點(diǎn)和關(guān)聯(lián)）構(gòu)件圖顯示軟件構(gòu)件之間的依賴關(guān)系。（編譯、鏈接、運(yùn)行）源代碼文件、二進(jìn)制代碼文件和可執(zhí)行文件96.UML公共機(jī)制UML擴(kuò)展機(jī)制構(gòu)造型－新的建模元素約束－新的建模語(yǔ)義標(biāo)記值－新的建模屬性10第二部分：掌握UML面向?qū)ο蠓治雠c設(shè)計(jì)BestPracticesofSoftwareEngineeringRequirementsOverviewAnalysis&DesignOverview√ArchitecturalAnalysis√Use-caseAnalysis√IdentifyDesignElements11Describedesignmechanism×DescribetheRun-timeArchitectureDescribeDistribution√Use-caseDesign×SubsystemDesignClassDesign√DatabaseDesign121.最佳實(shí)踐6個(gè)最佳實(shí)踐迭代開發(fā)管理需求使用基于構(gòu)件的架構(gòu)可視化建模持續(xù)驗(yàn)證質(zhì)量管理變更什么是軟件開發(fā)過程－》who,what,when,howRUP的四個(gè)階段：初始、細(xì)化、構(gòu)造、移交RUP的四個(gè)主要里程碑：LCO、LCA、IOC、Release132.需求概述主要制品用例模型（用例圖、用例描述）術(shù)語(yǔ)表補(bǔ)充需求143.分析設(shè)計(jì)概述輸出制品設(shè)計(jì)模型、架構(gòu)文檔、數(shù)據(jù)模型（可選）什么是軟件架構(gòu)軟件架構(gòu)的“4＋1”視圖用例視圖：邏輯視圖、實(shí)現(xiàn)視圖、進(jìn)程視圖、部署視圖分析設(shè)計(jì)過程包含的主要活動(dòng)分析和設(shè)計(jì)的區(qū)別154.架構(gòu)分析架構(gòu)分析的步驟定義設(shè)計(jì)模型的高層邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別分析機(jī)制識(shí)別關(guān)鍵抽象描述典型的分層架構(gòu)165.用例分析用例分析的步驟構(gòu)造每個(gè)用例實(shí)現(xiàn)交互圖VOPC統(tǒng)一分析類用例實(shí)現(xiàn)（定義、結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)點(diǎn)）分析類的三種構(gòu)造型邊界類、實(shí)體類、控制類176.識(shí)別設(shè)計(jì)元素子系統(tǒng)、接口子系統(tǒng)與包的區(qū)別188.識(shí)別運(yùn)行時(shí)機(jī)制主要步驟分析并發(fā)需求識(shí)別進(jìn)程和線程識(shí)別進(jìn)程生命周期將設(shè)計(jì)元素映射到進(jìn)程199.識(shí)別分布分布模式C/S模式（三層、胖客戶端、瘦客戶端）P2P模式主要步驟定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置分配進(jìn)程到節(jié)點(diǎn)2011.子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)主要步驟構(gòu)建接口實(shí)現(xiàn)分布子系統(tǒng)行為到子系統(tǒng)元素構(gòu)建子系統(tǒng)的依賴關(guān)系2112.類設(shè)計(jì)主要步驟創(chuàng)建初始的設(shè)計(jì)類定義操作、方法（兩者區(qū)別）定義狀態(tài)定義屬性定義聯(lián)系（依賴、關(guān)聯(lián)、聚合、組合、泛化）2213.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)主要步驟持久設(shè)計(jì)類到數(shù)據(jù)模型的轉(zhuǎn)換分布類的行為到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)23題型一、選擇題（15題，30分）二、簡(jiǎn)答題（6題，30分）三、OO建模題（2題，40分）注：考試會(huì)有小的調(diào)整24選擇題1)AUMLcompositionis(D)A.aprocessforinstantiatingUMLmodelsB.theinterrelationamongcomponentsandpackagesC.aspecificdependencyamongobjectsD.anaggregationwithadditionalsemantics2)WhichofthefollowingarenottheExtensionMechanismsofUML?(C)A.TaggedValueB.ConstraintC.ConcurrentD.Stereotype3）WhichisastepintheDescribetheRun-timeArchitectureactivity?(B)CreateinitialdesignclassIdentifyProcessesandThreadsIndentifyEventsandSignalsAllocateSystemElementstoNodes25簡(jiǎn)答題Explainthesixbestpracticesofsoftwareengineering.Explainwithexamplewhatismultiplicity.PleasedescribethetypicaldifferencesbetweenaUMLanalysismodelandaUMLdesignmodel.……..26OO建模題1.Onthescutcampus,studentscanapplyforaconsumed-card.Thecardadministratorwouldcreateanewconsumed-cardwhenreceivinganapplication.Theconsumed-cardcanbeusedinthecampussuper-market.Whenthestudentsconsumewiththecard,thesalespersonwoulddeductthemoneyfromthecard.Also,Thecardadministratorcandepositmoneyintothecardforthestudents.Imaginethatyouhavebeenhiredtodevelopthesupportingsoftware.1)DrawaUMLusecasediagramforthesystem.2)Produceasequencediagramtomodelthescenarioofconsumingwithcard.3)Drawaclassdiagramforthesystem.4)Produceastatechartdiagramfortheconsumed-cardClass.271)282)293)304)31OO建模題2.Considerdevelopingacampusclassroomfacilitiesmanagementsystem Thecampushasacollectionofclassrooms.Eachclassroomhasacollectionofequipments,whichmayincludemicrophone,blackboard,overheadprojector,TV,Internetconnection,etc.Eachequipmenthasinformationsuchashistory,condition,aswellasinformationspecifictotheequipment,suchassizeforblackboardandTV,mobileornotformicrophone,andspeedofconnectiontoInternet.Eachclassroomhasalistofcoursesscheduledtotakeplaceinit,theinstructorforeachcourse,requestedequipmentsandsetupsforeachcourse,andamanagerinchargeofsettinguptheequipments.Thesystemshouldallowinstructorstolookupthelistofequipmentsinaclassroom,requestequipmentsandsetups,andquerythesetupstatus.Thesystemshouldsendrequestforequipmentsandsetupsinaclassroomtotheclassroommanager.Themanagercanupdateequipmentinformationandsetupstatus.Incaseofanequipmentcannotbesetupaccordingtothereq