機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

交通類復(fù)合型人才培養(yǎng)專業(yè)英語叢書

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

EnglishforMechanicalEngineering

蘭惠清主編

史紅梅主審

內(nèi)容簡介

本書旨在使讀者掌握機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語術(shù)語及用法，培養(yǎng)并提高讀者閱讀和翻譯專業(yè)英

語文獻(xiàn)資料的能力。內(nèi)容新穎，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，較常規(guī)的機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語書有重大突破，交通

特色鮮明。主要內(nèi)容結(jié)合交通應(yīng)用背景，以現(xiàn)代機(jī)械工程為主線，包括機(jī)械工程簡介、機(jī)械

工程相關(guān)的熱點(diǎn)話題、機(jī)械制造、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及理論、機(jī)械電子工程、車輛工程、材料科學(xué)與

技術(shù)等相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，介紹了工業(yè)4.0、高鐵、機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)等熱點(diǎn)前沿技術(shù)。編寫形式有較大創(chuàng)

新，充分利用現(xiàn)代數(shù)字技術(shù)，打造立體化新形態(tài)圖書，正文相關(guān)知識(shí)配英文視頻、微課等拓

展知識(shí)二維碼。

本書適合作為交通類高等院校機(jī)械工程類專業(yè)本科生和研究生的專業(yè)英語教材，也可作

為“一帶一路”人才培養(yǎng)的培訓(xùn)教材，還可供涉外相關(guān)工程技術(shù)人員參考使用。

圖書在版編目（CIP）數(shù)據(jù)

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語/蘭惠清主編.—北京:中國鐵道

出版社有限公司,2019.8

（交通類復(fù)合型人才培養(yǎng)專業(yè)英語叢書）

ISBN978-7-113-25901-3

Ⅰ.①機(jī)…Ⅱ.①蘭…Ⅲ.①機(jī)械工程-英語-高等

學(xué)校-教材Ⅳ.①TH

中國版本圖書館CIP數(shù)據(jù)核字(2019)第152532號(hào)

書名：機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

作者：蘭惠清

策劃：田銀香編輯部電話2053電子信箱：403195044@

責(zé)任編輯：田銀香

封面設(shè)計(jì)：劉穎

責(zé)任校對(duì)：張玉華

責(zé)任印制：郭向偉

李

出版發(fā)行：中國鐵道出版社有限公司（100054，北京市西城區(qū)右安門西街8號(hào)）

網(wǎng)址：http:///51eds/

印刷：三河市航遠(yuǎn)印刷有限公司

版次：2019年8月第1版2019年8月第1次印刷

開本：850mm×1168mm1/16印張：18.755字?jǐn)?shù)：396千

書號(hào)：ISBN978-7-113-25901-3

定價(jià)：48.00元

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凡購買鐵道版圖書，如有印制質(zhì)量問題，請(qǐng)與本社教材圖書營銷部聯(lián)系調(diào)換。電話：（010）63550836

打擊盜版舉報(bào)電話：（010）51873659

前言

據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，全球有超過40%的人在學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語；超過85%的科技資料（如書籍、期刊、

專利說明書和內(nèi)部技術(shù)報(bào)告等）運(yùn)用英語語言；不論在哪個(gè)國家召開國際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議，所規(guī)定使

用的工作語言一般也都是英語。因此，英語既是人們交流的主要工具，也是開展科學(xué)研究的重

要工具。

伴隨“一帶一路”的建設(shè)和中國高鐵“走出去”戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施，海外高鐵項(xiàng)目建設(shè)、裝備制

造等國際交流合作愈發(fā)緊密，這就要求機(jī)械工程類專業(yè)學(xué)生既要精通技術(shù)知識(shí)，又要熟練應(yīng)用

專業(yè)英語，要成為具備國際技術(shù)交流能力的復(fù)合型人才。

目前，各高校紛紛開設(shè)專業(yè)英語課程。本書的編寫是為滿足機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語課程教學(xué)需

要和涉外人員的自學(xué)參考要求。內(nèi)容結(jié)合高鐵等交通應(yīng)用背景，以現(xiàn)代機(jī)械工程為主線，借助

英語工具開展機(jī)械工程在交通領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用實(shí)踐，而不是通過專業(yè)實(shí)踐去鞏固英語知識(shí)，最終要

提升讀者運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交通背景下機(jī)械工程專業(yè)活動(dòng)的整體水平，能夠進(jìn)行國際交流研討、專

業(yè)英語文本寫作、了解國際科技創(chuàng)新、在國外順暢進(jìn)行施工交流等實(shí)踐，使其將專業(yè)能力、英

語能力與應(yīng)用能力三者有機(jī)融合。

本書共分7章，包括機(jī)械工程簡介、機(jī)械工程相關(guān)的熱點(diǎn)話題、機(jī)械制造、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及理

論、機(jī)械電子工程、車輛工程、材料科學(xué)與技術(shù)等相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。內(nèi)容較常規(guī)的機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英

語書都有重大突破，交通特色鮮明。首先，內(nèi)容新穎、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，介紹工業(yè)4.0、高鐵、機(jī)器

學(xué)習(xí)等熱點(diǎn)前沿技術(shù)；其次，覆蓋面廣、體系完整，涵蓋機(jī)械工程一級(jí)學(xué)科下所有的二級(jí)研究

方向，尤其是車輛工程為獨(dú)立一章；第三，學(xué)科知識(shí)與交通背景結(jié)合，例如，介紹鋼軌打磨、

鋼軌在線監(jiān)測(cè)、軌道交通材料、復(fù)合材料等內(nèi)容。另外，編寫形式有較大創(chuàng)新，充分利用現(xiàn)代

數(shù)字技術(shù)，打造立體化新形態(tài)圖書，正文相關(guān)知識(shí)配二維碼，添加用英文講解的機(jī)械工程視頻、

前沿技術(shù)英文微課等拓展素材。

本書由北京交通大學(xué)的相關(guān)專家和技術(shù)人員編寫。蘭惠清任主編，負(fù)責(zé)全書的構(gòu)思、組稿

和統(tǒng)稿。各章編寫分工如下：第1章和第2章由蘭惠清編寫，第3章由曹建國、房善想和

張勤儉編寫，第4章由張朝輝編寫，第5章由董立靜和陳光榮編寫，第6章由陳星宇編寫，

第7章由杜云慧編寫。全書由史紅梅主審，李聰協(xié)助完成統(tǒng)稿工作。

在本書的編寫過程中，編者參考了國內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者的最新研究成果和資料，在此向這些專

家學(xué)者表示誠摯的感謝。

機(jī)械工程所涉及的內(nèi)容廣泛，學(xué)科跨度大，新材料、新技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速，加之編者水平有限，

書中難免有不足之處，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者提出寶貴意見。

編者

2019年5月

CONTENTS

目錄

Chapter1IntroductionofMechanicalEngineering

機(jī)械工程簡介1

1.1DefinitionandHistoryofMechanicalEngineering

（機(jī)械工程的定義及其發(fā)展歷史）1

1.2FieldsofMechanicalEngineering（機(jī)械工程的分類）4

1.3AdvantagesofMechanicalEngineeringinChina（我國機(jī)械工程的優(yōu)勢(shì)）6

1.4ProspectsofMechanicalEngineeringinChina（我國機(jī)械工程的前景）16

Chapter2HotTopicsAboutMechanicalEngineering

機(jī)械工程相關(guān)的熱點(diǎn)話題18

2.1Industry4.0（工業(yè)4.0）18

2.2MadeinChina2025（中國制造2025）22

2.3HighSpeedRailwayinChina（中國高鐵）27

2.4MachineLearning（機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)）30

Chapter3MechanicalManufacturing

機(jī)械制造37

3.1CAD/CAM/CAPP（計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)/制造/工藝規(guī)劃）37

3.2FlexibleManufacturingSystem（柔性制造系統(tǒng)）48

3.3ComputerNumericalControl（計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制）54

3.4RailGrinding（鋼軌打磨）61

3.5MicromachineandNanomachine（微納米加工）67

Chapter4MechanicalDesignandTheory

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及理論78

4.1ProblemsinMechanicalDesign（機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)問題）78

4.2MachineElements（機(jī)械零件）84

4.3Friction,WearandLubrication（摩擦、磨損和潤滑）97

EnglishforMechanicalEngineering

II

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

4.4IndustrialRobot（機(jī)器人）105

Chapter5MechatronicEngineering

機(jī)械電子工程112

5.1AdvancedControlandAutomationofMechatronicSystems

（機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的先進(jìn)控制與自動(dòng)化）112

5.2On-LineMonitoringandFaultDiagnosisofMechatronicSystems

（機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的在線監(jiān)測(cè)與故障診斷）136

5.3FluidTransmissionandControl（流體傳動(dòng)與控制）144

5.4EmbeddedSystemandIntelligentInstrument

（嵌入式系統(tǒng)與智能儀器）172

Chapter6VehicleEngineering

車輛工程185

6.1VehicleStructureReliability（車輛結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性）185

6.2VehicleSystemDynamicsandControl（車輛系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)與控制）191

6.3VehicleVibrationandNoiseControl（車輛振動(dòng)與噪聲控制）200

6.4VehicleDigitalDesign（車輛數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)）210

Chapter7MaterialsScienceandTechnology

材料科學(xué)與技術(shù)218

7.1MaterialsforRailTraffic（軌道交通材料）218

7.2CeramicMaterialandCompositeMaterial（陶瓷與復(fù)合材料）239

7.3BrakeDiscofMultipleUnits（動(dòng)車組制動(dòng)盤）258

7.4LiquidDieForgingandSemi-SolidForming（液態(tài)模鍛和半固態(tài)成形）270

References

參考文獻(xiàn)290

Chapter1

IntroductionofMechanicalEngineering

1.1DefinitionandHistoryofMechanicalEngineering

1.1.1DefinitionofMechanicalEngineering

Mechanicalengineering(ME)isthedisciplinethatappliesengineering,physics,

engineeringmathematics,andmaterialsscienceprinciplestodesign,analyze,manufacture,

andmaintainmechanicalsystems.Itisoneoftheoldestandbroadestoftheengineering

disciplines.

ThemechanicalengineeringfieldrequiresanunderstandingofcoreareasincludingDefinitionof

mechanics,dynamics,thermodynamics,materialsscience,structuralanalysis,andelectricity.mechanical

engineering

Inadditiontothesecoreprinciples,mechanicalengineersusetoolssuchascomputer-aided

design(CAD),computer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM),andproductlifecyclemanagementto

designandanalyzemanufacturingplants,industrialequipmentandmachines,heatingand

coolingsystems,transportsystems,aircraft,watercraft,robotics,medicaldevices,weapons,

andothers.Itisthebranchofengineeringthatinvolvesthedesign,production,andoperation

ofmachinery.

1.1.2HistoryofMechanicalEngineering

Theapplicationofmechanicalengineeringcanbeseeninthearchivesofvariousancient

andmedievalsocieties.InancientGreece,theworksofArchimedesinfluencedmechanicsin

theWesterntraditionandHeroofAlexandriacreatedthesteamengine—Aeolipile.InChina,

ZhangHengimprovedawaterclockandinventedaseismometer,andMaJuninventeda

EnglishforMechanicalEngineering

2

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

chariotwithdifferentialgears.ThemedievalChinesehorologistandengineerSuSong

incorporatedanescapementmechanismintohisastronomicalclocktowertwocenturies

beforeescapementdeviceswerefoundinmedievalEuropeanclocks.Healsoinventedthe

world’sfirstknownendlesspower-transmittingchaindrive.

Duringthe7thtothe15thcentury,someinventorsmaderemarkablecontributionsinthe

fieldofmechanicaltechnology.Al-Jazari,whowasoneofthem,wroteBookofKnowledgeof

IngeniousMechanicalDevicesin1206andpresentedmanymechanicaldesigns.Heisalso

consideredtobetheinventorofsuchmechanicaldeviceswhichnowformtheverybasicof

Historyofmechanisms,suchasthecrankshaftandcamshaft.

mechanicalDuringthe17thcentury,importantbreakthroughsinthefoundationsofmechanical

engineering

engineeringoccurredinEngland.SirIsaacNewtonformulatedNewton’sLawsofMotion

anddevelopedCalculus,themathematicalbasisofphysics.Newtonwasreluctanttopublish

hisworksforyears,buthewasfinallypersuadedtodosobyhiscolleagues,suchasSir

EdmondHalley,muchtothebenefitofallmankind.GottfriedWilhelmLeibnizisalso

creditedwithcreatingCalculusduringthistimeperiod.

Duringtheearly19thcenturyindustrialrevolution,machinetoolsweredevelopedin

England,Germany,andScotland.Thisallowedmechanicalengineeringtodevelopasa

separatefieldwithinengineering.Theybroughtmanufacturingmachinesandtheenginesto

powerthem.ThefirstBritishprofessionalsocietyofmechanicalengineersInstitutionof

MechanicalEngineerswasformedin1847;thirtyyearsafterthecivilengineersformedthe

firstsuchprofessionalsocietyInstitutionofCivilEngineers.OntheEuropeancontinent,

JohannvonZimmermann(1820-1901)foundedthefirstfactoryforgrindingmachinesin

Chemnitz,Germanyin1848.

IntheUnitedStates,theAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers(ASME)was

formedin1880,becomingthethirdsuchprofessionalengineeringsociety,aftertheAmerican

SocietyofCivilEngineersin1852andtheAmericanInstituteofMiningEngineersin1871.

ThefirstschoolsintheUnitedStatestoofferanengineeringeducationweretheUnitedStates

MilitaryAcademyin1817,aninstitutionnowknownasNorwichUniversityin1819,and

RensselaerPolytechnicInstitutein1825.Educationinmechanicalengineeringhas

historicallybeenbasedonastrongfoundationinmathematicsandscience.

WordsandExpressions

mechanics[m??k?n?ks]

thebranchofphysicsthatdealswiththeactionofn.力學(xué)（這里指靜力學(xué)）

forcesonmaterialobjectswithmass

Chapter1IntroductionofMechanicalEngineering

3

第1章機(jī)械工程簡介

dynamicsс[da??n?m?ks]

thebranchofmechanicsthatisconcernedwiththen.動(dòng)力學(xué)

effectsofforcesonthemotionofobjects

thermodynamics[?θ??m??da??n?m?ks]

thescienceoftheconversionsbetweenheatandothern.熱力學(xué)

formsofenergy

computer-aideddesign(CAD)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)

[k?m?pju?t?сe?d?dсd??za?n]

computer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造

[k?m?pju?t?сe?d?dс?m?nju?f?kt??r??]

productlifecyclemanagement產(chǎn)品生命周期管理;全生

[?pr?d?ktсlɑ?fс?sa?klс?m?n?d?m?nt]命周期管理

aircraft[?e?krɑ?ft]

avehiclecapableofatmosphericflightdueton.航空器

interactionwiththeair,suchasbuoyancyorlift

сс

watercraft[?w??t?krɑ?ft]сn.船舶

aboat,ship,seascooter,orsimilarvehicle

seismometer[sa?z?m?m?t?]

adeviceusedbyseismologiststodetectandmeasuren.測(cè)震儀

seismicwavesandthereforelocateearthquakes

chariot[?t??ri?t]n.雙輪敞篷馬車（古代用

atwo-wheeledhorse-drawnvehicle,usedinBronze于戰(zhàn)爭）

AgeandEarlyIronAgewarfare

horologist[?h?r?l?d??st]n.時(shí)計(jì)學(xué)者

someonewhomakesorrepairswatchesorclocks

escapementmechanism[??ske?pm?ntс?mek?n?z?m]ссn.擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)

endlesspower-transmittingchaindrive無級(jí)動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)鏈傳動(dòng)

[?endl?sс?pa??сtr?ns?m?t??сt?e?nсdra?v]

AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers(ASME)美國機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會(huì)

[??mer?k?nсs??sa??tiс?vсm??k?n?klс?end???n??z]

QuestionsforDiscussion

1.Giveadefinitionofmechanicalengineering.

2.Whatbranchesdoesmechanicalengineeringmainlyinclude?

3.Whatfunctionsdoesmechanicalengineeringhave?

EnglishforMechanicalEngineering

4

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

1.2FieldsofMechanicalEngineering

Thedisciplineofmechanicalengineeringisthescienceofthetheory,methodand

technologyoftheperformance,designandmanufactureofmechanicalsystemsandproducts,

includingtwomajorfieldsofmechanicsandmanufacturingscience.

Mechanicsisasciencethatstudiesthemechanicalstructureandsystemperformance

Fieldsofanditsdesigntheoryandmethod,includingthemechanism,transmission,dynamics,strength,

mechanicaltribology,design,bionics,micromechanicsandinterfacemechanicsinvolvedinthe

engineering

manufacturingprocessandthemechanicalsystem.

Manufacturingscienceisascienceaboutmanufacturingprocessesandsystems.It

coversproductdesign,formingandmanufacturing(casting,plasticforming,jointforming,

moldmanufacturing,surfaceengineering,etc.),processingandmanufacturing

(ultra-precisionmachining,efficientprocessing,non-traditionalmachining,complexsurface

processing,measurementandinstrument,equipmentdesignandmanufacturing,surface

functionalstructuremanufacturing,micromanufacturing,nanomanufacturing,biomimeticand

rawmaterialproduction),andoperationandmanagementofthemanufacturingsystemand

otherscience.

AccordingtoMinistryofEducationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,therearefour

classicalsecond-classdisciplinesbelongtothefirst-classdisciplineofMechanical

Engineering:mechanicalmanufactureandautomation,mechanicaldesignandtheory,

mechatronicengineering,andvehicleengineering.

1.2.1MechanicalManufactureandAutomation

Mechanicalmanufactureandautomationisoneoftheengineeringdisciplinesstudying

mechanicalmanufacturingtheory,manufacturingtechnology,automatedmanufacturing

systemandadvancedmanufacturingmode.Thedisciplinecombinesthelatestdevelopment

ofrelateddisciplines,makingmanufacturingtechnology,manufacturingsystemsand

manufacturingmodelsshowinganewlook.Thegoalofmechanicalmanufactureand

automationisveryclear,whichcombinesmechanicalequipmentandautomationthroughthe

wayofcomputertoformaseriesofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologies,includingCAD

(computeraideddesign),CAM(computeraidedmanufacturing),FMS(flexible

manufacturingsystem)andsoon.Finally,large-scalecomputerintegratedmanufacturing

system(CIMS)isformed,whichmakesthetraditionalmachiningprocessgetaqualitative

leap.Specificapplicationsinindustryincludecomputernumericalcontrol(CNC)machine

tools,machiningcentersandsoon.

Chapter1IntroductionofMechanicalEngineering

5

第1章機(jī)械工程簡介

1.2.2MechanicalDesignandTheory

Mechanicaldesignandtheoryisabasictechnicaldisciplinetoanalyze,synthesize,

quantitativelydescribeandcontroltheperformanceofthemachinery.Itisabrief

introductiontothedetailedworkprocessesandproceduresofthemechanicalengineering.

Therefore,workprinciples,motionanddynamicproperties,strengthandlife,vibrationand

noise,friction,wearandlubrication,mechanicalinnovationanddesign,andmoderndesign

calculationmethodsofvariousmachines,mechanismsandpartsaremainlystudied.

1.2.3MechatronicEngineering

Mechanicalandelectronicengineering,commonlyknownasmechatronics,isakindof

mechanicalengineeringandautomation.Themajorsofmechanicalandelectronic

engineeringincludebasictheoreticalknowledgeandmechanicaldesignandmanufacturing

methods,theapplicationabilityofcomputersoftwareandhardware,andtheabilitytodesign,

manufacture,testinganddevelopingvariouskindsofmechanicalandelectricalproductsand

systems.Mechanicalandelectronicengineeringistheproductofhigh-speeddevelopmentof

scienceandtechnologyandinterlinkingofdisciplines.Itbreaksthetraditionalclassification

ofdisciplinesandintegratesmanytechnicalcharacteristics.Itrepresentstheemergenceof

newtechnologies,newideas,newresearchmethodsandnewresearchobjectives.

1.2.4VehicleEngineering

Vehicleengineeringisoneofengineeringtechnologyfieldstudyingtheory,designand

manufacturingtechnologyofmobilemachinesontheland,suchasautomobiles,tractors,

locomotives,militaryvehiclesandotherengineeringvehicles.

Vehiclesarewidelyusedinmodernsociety.Theyarerelatedtotherevitalizationand

developmentoftheautomobileindustryandtransportationindustry,oneofthepillar

industriesofChina’seconomicconstruction,andhasagreatinfluenceonthemodernization

ofagricultureandthemodernizationofnationaldefenseequipment.Fromtheearlystagesof

vehicleengineering,itinvolvesmechanics,mechanicaldesign,material,fluidmechanics,

chemicalindustry,andextendstotheinterpenetratingandinterrelatedsubjectssuchas

mechatronicengineering,mechanicaldesignandtheory,computer,electronictechnology,

measurementtechnology,controltechnologyandotherdisciplines,andfurthertoucheson

widefieldssuchas:medicine,physiologyandpsychology,formingacomprehensive

disciplineandengineeringtechnologycoveringavarietyofnewandhightechnologies.

Accordingtothecharacteristicsoftheindustry,thisfieldcoversdesignandmanufacture

ofautomobilesandtractors,militaryvehicles,locomotivevehicles,engineeringvehicles,

energypowerandsoon.

EnglishforMechanicalEngineering

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機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

Accordingtotheworkingnatureofengineeringtechnicians,thescopeofthefieldcanbe

dividedinto:researchanddevelopmentofvehicles;manufacturingandprocessingofvehicles;

performancetesting,testingandanalysisofvehicles;use,managementandmaintenanceof

vehicles,equipmentrelatedtoproductiontestingvehicles,thedevelopmentoftesting

apparatus,etc.

WordsandExpressions

mechanicalmanufactureandautomation機(jī)械制造及自動(dòng)化

[m??k?n?klс?m?nju?f?kt??с?ndс??t??me???nс]

mechanicaldesignandtheory機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及理論

[m??k?n?klсd??za?nс?ndс?θ??riс]

mechatronicengineering[m?k??tr?n?kсend???n??r??]機(jī)械電子工程

vehicleengineering[?vi??klсend???n??r??]車輛工程

QuestionsforDiscussion

Whatfieldofmechanicalengineeringattractsyouthemost?Why?

1.3AdvantagesofMechanicalEngineeringinChina

Inrecentyears,aseriesofoutstandingprogressesandoriginalinnovationshavebeen

achievedinthefieldsofmechanicalengineering,whichprovidealargenumberofnovel

theories,technologiesandmethodologiesforourcountry’seconomicconstructionand

mechanicalengineering.

1.3.1Tribology

TsinghuaUniversityhasmadeimportantprogressinthefieldofnanotribologyandits

technology.Inthestudyofsuperfinechemicalmechanicalpolishingonthesurfaceofthe

computerharddisk,thebehaviormechanismofsuperfinesurfacenanoparticleswasput

forward.Theequilibriumlawofchemicalandmechanicalactionwasfound,andanew

Tribologytechnologyandadvancedpolishingprocessofthesuperfinishingsurfaceoftheharddisk

substratewereexplored.Theroughnessofthesurfacewaveafterpolishingwerelowerthan

thatofnanoscale.Combinedwiththestudyofwheel-railinteractioninhighspeedrailway,

SouthwestJiaotongUniversityreproducedthewheel-railcorrugationforthefirsttime,and

analyzedtheformationmechanismofwheel-railcorrugationfromthetheoryandtest.

LanzhouInstituteofChemicalPhysicshasplayedanimportantroleintheresearchof

Chapter1IntroductionofMechanicalEngineering

7

第1章機(jī)械工程簡介

nanosolidlubricationtechnologyappliedtoChineseaerospaceengineering.Tribologyhas

becomeoneofthemostinfluentialsubjectsinChinesemechanicalengineeringdisciplinein

theinternationalacademia.

1.3.2Robotics

YanshanUniversity,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,etc.,putforwardauniversalmethod

andthegeneralformulaforcalculatingthedegreeoffreedomoflessfreedomandparallel

structure,andthetheoryofprincipalhelixanalyticrecognitionmodelwiththehelixtheory,

Liegroup,andsettheoryasmathematicaltools[1].Moreover,usingtheabovetheorydozens

ofnewmechanisms,forcesensors,micromanipulationrobots,andearthquakesimulatorshadRobotics

beendeveloped.TianjinUniversityandTsinghuaUniversityputforwardauniversal

modelingmethodoftheJacobimatrixbasedonalinearspacetheory,anddevelopedalarge

numberofengineeringequipment,suchasthelargegantryhybridmachinetool,the

high-speedpackagingrobotandsoon.

1.3.3MechanicalDynamics

Nonlineardynamics,faultpredictionandintelligentmaintenanceofcomplex

mechatronicsystemsarefrontierresearchfieldsofmechanicaldynamics.Northeastern

Universityhasproposedtheoryofprobabilityandscreenwithconstantbedthickness,

vibrationsynchronizationandcontrolsynchronizationtheory,andhasdesigneddozensof

engineeringvibrationmachines.NanjingUniversityofAeronautics&Astronauticsproposed

acontrolsystemdynamicswithtimedelay,abifurcationmechanismandcontrolmethodof

thevibrationcontrolsystemwithelasticconstraints,aswellasmodelingandcontrolmethod

ofthehysteresisdampingvibrationcontrolsystem.Americancontrolexpertsevaluatethe

systemas“arefreshingsystemmethod”.Acouplingdynamicsmodeloflocomotivevehicle

andtracksystemhasbeendevelopedbySouthwestJiaotongUniversity,andthedynamic

simulationsystemoflocomotivevehicleandtrackcouplingdynamicsandtheevaluation

systemofsafetyfieldtestaredeveloped.

1.3.4MechanicalTransmission

UltrasonicMotorResearchCenterofNanjingUniversityofAeronautics&Astronautics

hasputforwardtheoryanddesignmethodofmovementmechanism,electromechanical

couplingmodel,driveandcontroltechnologyforanewultrasonicmotor.Moreover,ithas

inventeddozensofultrasonicmotorsanddriverswithuniquetravelingwaveandstanding

wave.Inthehigh-speedandultra-precisionmotioncontrolresearch,HuazhongUniversityof

ScienceandTechnologyfoundandclarifiedthemechanismofthecyclonicphenomenaofair

bearings.ChongqingUniversityinventedawater-lubricatedrubberalloybearingwiththe

EnglishforMechanicalEngineering

8

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

organiccombinationofmulti-surfaceandlinearcirculararcgroove.Thisbearingsavedalot

ofpreciousmetalsandhasbeenwidelyusedinthetransmissionsystemofshipsathomeand

abroad.

1.3.5BiomimeticMachineryandBiologicalManufacturing

JilinUniversityhasmadeimportantprogressintheresearchofbionicflexibledynamic

dragreductionandbiomimeticelectroosmoticdesorptiontheory.Ithascreatedanddeveloped

amechanicalbionicsdisciplineandinventedaseriesofgroundmechanicaldesorptionand

dragreductionbionicstechnology,andsuccessfullyappliedittoagriculturalmachineryand

Biomimetic

machinerynationaldefenseengineering.Inthestudyofartificialbonebiomimeticmanufacturing,Xi’an

andbiologicalJiaotongUniversityestablishedamodelofbonetissue,proposedacompositestructurerepair

manufacturingmethodofbonedefect,andmadethestructuralframeofartificialbonebyrapidprototyping,

andsucceededinrepairingthebonedefectoftheanimal.

1.3.6AdvancedElectronicManufacturing

CentralSouthUniversityhasputforwardaconceptof“extrememanufacturing”.The

researchonthekeyscientificproblemsinharddiskdriveandchipmanufacturingiscarried

outbyShanghaiJiaotongUniversityandTsinghuaUniversity.Asingleabrasivegrinding

methodwithcontrollablenanoscratchdepthandlengthisproposed.Acriticaldepthmodelof

thegrindingwheelinself-rotatinggrindingofsiliconwaferhasbeenestablishedtorevealthe

widefrequencyofthehighaccelerationmotionsystem.Thedesigntheoryandcontrol

methodofhighacceleration,highprecisionandhighreliabilityprecisiondrivingplatformare

putforward.Therapiddiffusionmechanismofatomsatultrasonicbondinginterfaceis

clarified,the“stick-slip”motioncharacteristicofbondinginterfaceisdiscovered,andthe

variableparameterloadingprocessisputforward.

1.3.7DigitalManufacturing

Anewmethodofgeometricreasoningbasedonvisualconeandtheunified

discriminationofthecontourerrorofcomplexsurfaceshavebeenputforwardbyHuazhong

UniversityofScienceandTechnology.Thesoftwaresystemofdigitalmodelingand

manufacturabilityanalysisforcomplexproductsisdeveloped,andasystemplatformof

integratedrapidmeasurement,digitalmodelingandmanufacturingorienteddesignis