計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用

“十四五”高等職業(yè)教育計(jì)算機(jī)類新形態(tài)一體化系列教材

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用

（第二版）

盧曉麗叢佩麗崔艷清◎主編

閆坤豪趙同奎王鴻飛◎副主編

內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介

本書從培養(yǎng)讀者動(dòng)手能力的需求出發(fā)，全面系統(tǒng)地介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)相關(guān)知識(shí)及其實(shí)際應(yīng)用。全

書共分8章，內(nèi)容包括計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)、數(shù)據(jù)通信基礎(chǔ)、組建小型辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)、組建中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、網(wǎng)

絡(luò)安全與維護(hù)、廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議、網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展新技術(shù)、Internet應(yīng)用與接入技術(shù)。本書摒棄了傳統(tǒng)教材理論性

過強(qiáng)的缺點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)以能力培養(yǎng)為核心，突出理論與實(shí)踐的緊密結(jié)合，在介紹實(shí)用性知識(shí)的同時(shí)，講解必需

的理論基礎(chǔ)；在堅(jiān)持“適度、夠用”的原則下，盡可能全面、系統(tǒng)地介紹計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用所包含的

內(nèi)容，保持知識(shí)的完整性和學(xué)習(xí)的循序漸進(jìn)性，使教材本身自成體系；注重基本知識(shí)與基本技術(shù)的緊密結(jié)

合，力求通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)踐反映計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用知識(shí)的全貌。

本書實(shí)用性和可操作性較強(qiáng)，適合作為高等職業(yè)院校計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)學(xué)生的教材，也可作為有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)

絡(luò)知識(shí)培訓(xùn)的教材，還可以作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理人員、網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程技術(shù)人員和信息管理人員的參考用書。

圖書在版編目（CIP）數(shù)據(jù)

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用/盧曉麗,叢佩麗,崔艷清主編.—北京：

中國(guó)鐵道出版社有限公司，2022.8

“十四五”高等職業(yè)教育計(jì)算機(jī)類新形態(tài)一體化系列教材

ISBN978-7-113-29195-2

Ⅰ.①計(jì)…Ⅱ.①盧…②叢…③崔…Ⅲ.①計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)-高等

職業(yè)教育-教材Ⅳ.①TP393

中國(guó)版本圖書館CIP數(shù)據(jù)核字（2022）第095685號(hào)

書名：計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用

作者：盧曉麗叢佩麗崔艷清

策劃：翟玉峰?謝世博編輯部電話：（010）83525088

責(zé)任編輯：彭立輝

編輯助理：謝世博

封面設(shè)計(jì)：劉?穎

責(zé)任校對(duì)：孫?玫

責(zé)任印制：樊啟鵬

出版發(fā)行：中國(guó)鐵道出版社有限公司（100054，北京市西城區(qū)右安門西街8號(hào)）

網(wǎng)址：/51eds/

印刷：三河市國(guó)英印務(wù)有限公司

版次：2022年8月第1版2022年8月第1次印刷

開本：850mm×1168mm1/16印張：16.75字?jǐn)?shù)：447千

書號(hào)：ISBN978-7-113-29195-2

定價(jià)：46.00元

版權(quán)所有?侵權(quán)必究

凡購(gòu)買鐵道版圖書，如有印制質(zhì)量問題，請(qǐng)與本社教材圖書營(yíng)銷部聯(lián)系調(diào)換。電話：（010）63550836

打擊盜版舉報(bào)電話：（010）63549461

前言

隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)滲透到社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，網(wǎng)

絡(luò)技術(shù)應(yīng)用水平的高低已成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)現(xiàn)代化水平的重要標(biāo)志。構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)、對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

設(shè)備進(jìn)行合理配置及相關(guān)應(yīng)用，已經(jīng)充分被人們所認(rèn)識(shí)，被社會(huì)所承認(rèn)。在眾多類型的計(jì)算機(jī)

網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展非常迅速，應(yīng)用最為普遍，而高職計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)專業(yè)培養(yǎng)的目標(biāo)

之一就是計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)組建與安全管理人才。

根據(jù)目前各高職高專院校計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)專業(yè)的課程設(shè)置情況，應(yīng)構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)化的課程體

系，由企業(yè)專家確定典型的教學(xué)案例，并提出各種與工程實(shí)踐相關(guān)的技能要求，將這些意見和

建議融入課程教學(xué)，使教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)和教學(xué)內(nèi)容最大限度地與工程實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。

本書以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生“懂網(wǎng)、組網(wǎng)、管網(wǎng)、用網(wǎng)”的能力為主線，按照由淺入深、循序漸進(jìn)的教學(xué)規(guī)律，

制定了相應(yīng)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。本書共分8章，第1章介紹計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念、主要功能、分類、網(wǎng)絡(luò)

體系結(jié)構(gòu)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)參考模型、網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織、局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)、局域網(wǎng)硬件設(shè)備及IP地址的有關(guān)知識(shí)；

第2章介紹數(shù)據(jù)通信的基本概念、數(shù)據(jù)通信方式、數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù)和多路復(fù)用的有關(guān)知識(shí)；第3章

講解小型辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組建與維護(hù)，包括交換機(jī)的工作原理、VLAN技術(shù)、企業(yè)辦公無線局域網(wǎng)接入、

交換機(jī)端口安全技術(shù)及鏈路聚合技術(shù)；第4章講解中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組建與維護(hù)，包括路由器簡(jiǎn)介、

靜態(tài)路由在中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用、動(dòng)態(tài)路由在中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用、動(dòng)態(tài)主機(jī)配置協(xié)議（DHCP）

和相關(guān)的實(shí)踐練習(xí)等；第5章講解網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與維護(hù)，包括利用防火墻保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、訪問控制列

表的配置與應(yīng)用、網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障診斷與排除等；第6章介紹廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議，包括HDLC、PPP及幀中繼

協(xié)議等；第7章介紹當(dāng)今網(wǎng)絡(luò)的新技術(shù)及今后的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，包括虛擬化技術(shù)、云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)、

物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、三網(wǎng)融合等；第8章講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)各種服務(wù)的應(yīng)用和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入的各種方法。

本書由遼寧機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院盧曉麗、叢佩麗，大連東軟信息學(xué)院崔艷清任主編；寧夏

職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院閆坤豪、趙同奎，漯河職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院王鴻飛任副主編；長(zhǎng)城寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)有限公

司張洪波、銳捷網(wǎng)絡(luò)股份有限公司吳雷參與編寫。編寫分工：第1章、第4章由盧曉麗編寫，

第2章由趙同奎編寫，第3章、第5章由叢佩麗編寫，第6章、第8章由閆坤豪編寫，第7章

7.1節(jié)由崔艷清編寫，7.2節(jié)及習(xí)題由王鴻飛編寫，張洪波、吳雷提出了寶貴的編寫意見。全

書由盧曉麗老師統(tǒng)閱定稿。

由于時(shí)間倉(cāng)促，編者學(xué)術(shù)水平有限，書中難免存在疏漏和不足之處，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者批評(píng)

指正，以便下次修訂時(shí)完善。

郵箱地址：1054966093@；聯(lián)系電話18241529011。

編者

2022年1月

目錄

?第1章?計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ).................................................................................................1

1.1認(rèn)識(shí)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)....................................................................................................1

1.1.1計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念........................................................................................1

1.1.2計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展過程.................................................................................2

1.1.3計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類........................................................................................2

1.1.4ISO/OSI-RM.................................................................................................4

1.1.5計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)...................................................................................10

1.2認(rèn)識(shí)局域網(wǎng).........................................................................................................11

1.2.1局域網(wǎng)的概念.............................................................................................11

1.2.2局域網(wǎng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)............................................................................12

1.2.3有線與無線傳輸媒體...................................................................................13

1.2.4網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu).............................................................................................17

1.3認(rèn)識(shí)局域網(wǎng)的硬件設(shè)備........................................................................................20

1.3.1網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡.................................................................................................20

1.3.2集線器........................................................................................................21

1.3.3交換機(jī)........................................................................................................22

1.3.4路由器........................................................................................................24

1.4IP地址...............................................................................................................26

1.4.1IPv4地址...................................................................................................26

1.4.2子網(wǎng)掩碼....................................................................................................30

1.4.3特殊的IPv4地址........................................................................................31

1.4.4私有地址與公有地址...................................................................................32

1.4.5IPv6地址...................................................................................................33

1.5實(shí)踐練習(xí)............................................................................................................40

1.5.1TCP/IP協(xié)議的安裝和配置...........................................................................40

1.5.2IPv6地址的配置與應(yīng)用...............................................................................44

小結(jié).........................................................................................................................46

習(xí)題.........................................................................................................................46

?第2章?數(shù)據(jù)通信基礎(chǔ)..........................................................................................................49

2.1數(shù)據(jù)通信的基本概念...........................................................................................49

2.1.1信息、數(shù)據(jù)和信號(hào)......................................................................................49

2.1.2數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)的模型...................................................................................50

2.1.3數(shù)據(jù)通信中的主要性能指標(biāo).........................................................................52

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用

2.1.4數(shù)據(jù)通信過程中涉及的主要技術(shù)問題...........................................................53

2.2數(shù)據(jù)通信方式.....................................................................................................54

2.2.1并行傳輸....................................................................................................54

2.2.2串行傳輸....................................................................................................54

2.3數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù).....................................................................................................55

2.3.1電路交換....................................................................................................56

2.3.2報(bào)文交換....................................................................................................57

2.3.3分組交換...................................................................................................57

2.3.4各種數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù)的性能比較....................................................................59

2.4多路復(fù)用技術(shù).....................................................................................................59

2.4.1時(shí)分多路復(fù)用技術(shù)......................................................................................59

2.4.2頻分多路復(fù)用技術(shù)......................................................................................60

2.4.3波分多路復(fù)用技術(shù)......................................................................................61

2.4.4碼分多路復(fù)用技術(shù)......................................................................................61

2.5實(shí)踐練習(xí)............................................................................................................62

雙機(jī)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組建..............................................................................................62

小結(jié).........................................................................................................................64

習(xí)題.........................................................................................................................64

?第3章?組建小型辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)...................................................................................................66

3.1認(rèn)識(shí)交換機(jī).........................................................................................................66

3.1.1交換機(jī)的概念.............................................................................................66

3.1.2交換機(jī)的工作原理......................................................................................67

3.2VLAN技術(shù)在小型辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的應(yīng)用...................................................................69

3.2.1VLAN簡(jiǎn)介................................................................................................69

3.2.2VLAN的劃分方法......................................................................................72

3.3企業(yè)辦公無線局域網(wǎng)接入....................................................................................74

3.3.1無線局域網(wǎng)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)................................................................................74

3.3.2無線網(wǎng)卡....................................................................................................75

3.3.3無線接入點(diǎn).................................................................................................76

3.4交換機(jī)端口安全技術(shù)在小型辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的應(yīng)用.....................................................76

3.4.1端口—MAC地址表的形成..........................................................................76

3.4.2端口—MAC地址表的配置過程...................................................................78

3.5鏈路聚合技術(shù)在小型辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的應(yīng)用...............................................................78

3.5.1鏈路聚合的作用..........................................................................................78

3.5.2鏈路聚合的實(shí)現(xiàn)條件...................................................................................79

3.6核心設(shè)備在小型辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的應(yīng)用......................................................................80

3.6.1三層交換機(jī)的工作原理...............................................................................80

II

目錄

3.6.2VLAN間路由.............................................................................................81

3.6.3SVI接口的作用..........................................................................................82

3.6.4三層交換機(jī)的路由接口...............................................................................83

3.7實(shí)踐練習(xí)............................................................................................................83

3.7.1交換機(jī)的登錄方式......................................................................................83

3.7.2VLAN的配置與應(yīng)用..................................................................................86

3.7.3無線交換機(jī)的配置與應(yīng)用...........................................................................88

3.7.4靜態(tài)端口—MAC地址表的配置與應(yīng)用........................................................95

3.7.5鏈路聚合的配置與應(yīng)用..............................................................................96

3.7.6三層交換機(jī)的配置與應(yīng)用...........................................................................98

3.7.7交換型以太網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)案例.............................................................................100

小結(jié).......................................................................................................................104

習(xí)題.......................................................................................................................104

?第4章?組建中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò).................................................................................................107

4.1認(rèn)識(shí)路由器.......................................................................................................107

4.1.1路由器的概念...........................................................................................107

4.1.2路由器的啟動(dòng)過程....................................................................................108

4.1.3路由選擇..................................................................................................110

4.2靜態(tài)路由在中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用........................................................................112

4.2.1靜態(tài)路由簡(jiǎn)介...........................................................................................112

4.2.2路由管理策略...........................................................................................113

4.2.3路由表的形成與數(shù)據(jù)包的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)...................................................................113

4.3動(dòng)態(tài)路由在中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用........................................................................114

4.3.1RIP協(xié)議與距離矢量算法..........................................................................115

4.3.2RIP協(xié)議的配置........................................................................................118

4.3.3OSPF協(xié)議與鏈路狀態(tài)算法.......................................................................120

4.4動(dòng)態(tài)主機(jī)配置協(xié)議............................................................................................121

4.4.1DHCP的相關(guān)概念....................................................................................122

4.4.2DHCP服務(wù)器的工作原理..........................................................................122

4.4.3DHCP中繼代理........................................................................................123

4.4.4配置DHCP服務(wù)器....................................................................................124

4.4.5手工地址綁定...........................................................................................126

4.4.6配置DHCP中繼代理................................................................................127

4.5實(shí)踐練習(xí)..........................................................................................................128

4.5.1路由器的登錄方式....................................................................................128

4.5.2靜態(tài)路由的配置與應(yīng)用..............................................................................132

4.5.3動(dòng)態(tài)路由的配置與應(yīng)用..............................................................................137

III

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用

4.5.4DHCP配置案例........................................................................................141

4.5.5中型企業(yè)網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)案例.................................................................................145

小結(jié).......................................................................................................................152

習(xí)題.......................................................................................................................153

?第5章?網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與維護(hù)....................................................................................................156

5.1利用防火墻保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全..................................................................................156

5.1.1防火墻的分類...........................................................................................156

5.1.2防火墻的配置與應(yīng)用.................................................................................158

5.2訪問控制列表在企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全中的應(yīng)用.............................................................164

5.2.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ACL.................................................................................................165

5.2.2擴(kuò)展ACL.................................................................................................167

5.2.3特殊ACL.................................................................................................168

5.3網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障診斷與排除.........................................................................................169

5.3.1網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障診斷概述....................................................................................169

5.3.2網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障排除的模型.................................................................................169

5.3.3常用的硬件測(cè)試工具.................................................................................170

5.3.4常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障測(cè)試命令..........................................................................172

5.4實(shí)踐練習(xí)..........................................................................................................176

5.4.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ACL的配置與應(yīng)用............................................................................176

5.4.2擴(kuò)展ACL的配置與應(yīng)用............................................................................177

5.4.3特殊ACL的配置與應(yīng)用............................................................................178

5.4.4計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與維護(hù).............................................................................179

小結(jié).......................................................................................................................195

習(xí)題.......................................................................................................................195

?第6章?廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議............................................................................................................197

6.1認(rèn)識(shí)廣域網(wǎng).......................................................................................................197

6.1.1廣域網(wǎng)互聯(lián)...............................................................................................198

6.1.2廣域網(wǎng)的分類...........................................................................................198

6.1.3廣域網(wǎng)設(shè)備...............................................................................................199

6.2高級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制協(xié)議.....................................................................................200

6.2.1HDLC協(xié)議概述........................................................................................200

6.2.2HDLC協(xié)議的操作方式.............................................................................201

6.2.3HDLC協(xié)議的幀格式.................................................................................202

6.3點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)協(xié)議.......................................................................................................203

6.3.1PPP協(xié)議的組成........................................................................................203

6.3.2PPP的幀格式...........................................................................................204

IV

目錄

6.3.3PPP協(xié)議的配置案例.................................................................................205

6.4幀中繼..............................................................................................................208

6.4.1幀中繼的幀格式........................................................................................209

6.4.2幀中繼的特性...........................................................................................209

6.4.3幀中繼的應(yīng)用...........................................................................................210

6.4.4數(shù)據(jù)鏈路連接標(biāo)識(shí)....................................................................................210

6.4.5幀中繼地址映射........................................................................................210

6.5實(shí)踐練習(xí)..........................................................................................................211

幀中繼協(xié)議的配置與應(yīng)用.....................................................................................211

小結(jié).......................................................................................................................212

習(xí)題.......................................................................................................................212

?第7章?網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展新技術(shù).............................................................................................213

7.1當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域新技術(shù).........................................................................................213

7.1.1虛擬化技術(shù)...............................................................................................213

7.1.2云計(jì)算......................................................................................................215

7.1.3大數(shù)據(jù)......................................................................................................218

7.1.4物聯(lián)網(wǎng)......................................................................................................219

7.1.5IP多媒體子系統(tǒng).......................................................................................221

7.1.6全光通信技術(shù)...........................................................................................223

7.1.7自動(dòng)交換光網(wǎng)絡(luò)........................................................................................226

7.1.8超寬帶技術(shù)...............................................................................................231

7.1.9三網(wǎng)融合..................................................................................................232

7.2互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+...........................................................................................................233

7.2.1“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的主要特征............................................................................234

7.2.2“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的實(shí)際應(yīng)用............................................................................234

7.2.3“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)............................................................................236

小結(jié).......................................................................................................................238

習(xí)題.......................................................................................................................238

?第8章?Internet應(yīng)用與接入技術(shù).......................................................................................240

8.1認(rèn)識(shí)Internet....................................................................................................240

8.1.1Internet的概念.........................................................................................240

8.1.2Internet的發(fā)展歷史..................................................................................240

8.1.3Internet的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域.................................................................................241

8.2Internet的主要功能及服務(wù)................................................................................241

8.2.1萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)......................................................................................................241

8.2.2電子郵件..................................................................................................244

V

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用

8.2.3域名系統(tǒng)..................................................................................................245

8.2.4文件傳輸協(xié)議..........................................................................................250

8.2.5遠(yuǎn)程登錄..................................................................................................253

8.2.6電子公告板...............................................................................................253

8.3Internet的接入技術(shù)..........................................................................................254

8.3.1Internet用戶類型......................................................................................254

8.3.2專線接入與撥號(hào)接入方式..........................................................................254

8.3.3綜合數(shù)字服務(wù)寬帶網(wǎng)接入..........................................................................254

8.3.4Internet的寬帶接入技術(shù)...........................................................................255

8.3.5無線接入技術(shù)...........................................................................................255

8.3.6光纖接入技術(shù)...........................................................................................255

小結(jié).......................................................................................................................255

習(xí)題.......................................................................................................................256

參考文獻(xiàn)..................................................................................................................................258

VI

第1章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)

第1章

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)

本章重點(diǎn)介紹計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容，包括計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定義、發(fā)展、分類、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?/p>

結(jié)構(gòu)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)參考模型，并對(duì)典型的局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)，包括局域網(wǎng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、有線與無線傳輸

媒體、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)等方面進(jìn)行了講解；同時(shí)，介紹了局域網(wǎng)中常用的一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備，如網(wǎng)卡、

集線器、交換機(jī)和路由器的工作原理及應(yīng)用，進(jìn)而講解IPv4地址的定義與分類、特殊的IP地址、

子網(wǎng)掩碼與網(wǎng)絡(luò)前綴、私有IP與公有IP；最后，介紹IPv6的相關(guān)技術(shù)，針對(duì)實(shí)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境應(yīng)用適

合IPv6地址的動(dòng)態(tài)路由協(xié)議。

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

?掌握計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定義、分類及拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。

?熟悉計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的參考模型。

?理解以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及介質(zhì)訪問控制技術(shù)。

?掌握局域網(wǎng)組建中網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備類型及性能。

?了解計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展以及相關(guān)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

?掌握IPv4地址的定義與分類、特殊的IP地址。

?掌握子網(wǎng)掩碼的定義與應(yīng)用。

?了解IPv6的相關(guān)技術(shù)，包括IPv6地址的表示方法、動(dòng)態(tài)路由協(xié)議等。

?1.