英文摘要寫(xiě)作1

英文摘要寫(xiě)作AbstractReadingbymanypeople---Advertise!SummarizepaperSelf-containedBrief(100~200words)Nofiguresorreferences一、英文摘要的類(lèi)型指示性（概括性）摘要：多用于理論性較強(qiáng)的論文，主要概括論文的主要觀點(diǎn)、研究范圍、分析過(guò)程、內(nèi)容梗概和結(jié)論，并不定量報(bào)道其具體內(nèi)容，如具體數(shù)據(jù)等。信息性（報(bào)道性）摘要：多用于實(shí)驗(yàn)性和技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的論文，主要報(bào)道論文的研究成果、數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論。一、英文摘要的類(lèi)型Prof.Feng型摘要：1）backgroundinfo；2）thesubjectmatter&researchpurpose/objective;3)researchmethods;4)findings/results;5)suggestionandproposedconclusion.6)Nofirstpersonallowed二、英文摘要的特點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)：準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔、明了結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：背景與目的內(nèi)容與方法結(jié)果、結(jié)論與前景句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：句首傳遞信息要點(diǎn)的句子多被動(dòng)語(yǔ)句多，定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)多三、英文摘要常用句型常用于摘要開(kāi)頭部分：theresultsofAsimplemethodfor…casesofthe…approachforanattemptto(do)1.(Inthispaper,the…isconducted/discussed.)is(are)presenteddescribed(through…)reported(under…)discussed(alongwith)analyzed2.Thechiefaimpurposeobjectobjectiveofthepresentstudythisinvestigationtheresearchthesestudiesis(was/hasbeen/willbe)toobtain…toevaluate…tofindout…toestablish…toasses…3.ThepresentstudyTheabovestudyThisinvestigationwas(hasbeen)designedmadecarriedoutperformedattemptedwithaviewtoinordertotoclarify…determine…establish…pointout…demonstrate…4.OurstudiesTheirpioneerstudiesTheseinvestigationsaimtoclarify…determine…establish…demonstrate…provideevidenceforbringout…常用于摘要結(jié)尾部分1.ThestudieshavebeenperformedThesepioneerstudiesattemptedThestudiesinitiatedintheirlaboratoryseveralstudieswhichhavebeencarriedoutAllfurtherinvestigationsshowhaveshown(have)demonstratedthat…(have)suggested(have)revealed2.ThestudiesTheresultsThetestsTheresearches(have)shown(have)suggestedillustratedrevealedthat…四、英文摘要翻譯原則要避免按中文的字面意思逐字逐句生搬硬譯，即避免“中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)”；領(lǐng)悟漢語(yǔ)中所隱含的邏輯關(guān)系，運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)對(duì)原文結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行必要的變動(dòng)；注意中英文差別，遵循并使用英文習(xí)慣用法。五、英文摘要翻譯要求語(yǔ)法方面：多使用行為抽象名詞與動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式，有助于用少語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更多信息；用單個(gè)詞代替詞組。句法方面：運(yùn)用長(zhǎng)句多于短句，簡(jiǎn)單句多于復(fù)合句；中文摘要慣用無(wú)人稱(chēng)句，長(zhǎng)句出現(xiàn)也較頻繁，翻譯時(shí)，不應(yīng)以漢語(yǔ)的自然句來(lái)硬譯，須重新安排。五、英文摘要翻譯要求時(shí)態(tài)方面：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：用于介紹研究目的、內(nèi)容、結(jié)果、結(jié)論等客觀事實(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：用來(lái)說(shuō)明論文的發(fā)展背景，表示已取得的成果，已完成的工作或項(xiàng)目；一般過(guò)去時(shí)：用于說(shuō)明某一具體項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展情況，介紹已進(jìn)行的研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)等。五、英文摘要翻譯要求語(yǔ)態(tài)方面：被動(dòng)可避免提及文章的作者或動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；突出摘要的客觀性；突出要表達(dá)的有關(guān)信息盡量不要混用各種語(yǔ)態(tài)，特別不要在一個(gè)句子中混用語(yǔ)態(tài)?？s略語(yǔ)Avoidtheuseof“it”and“this”example1Thepredictionwerecomparedwiththeexperimentalresults.Itwasfoundthat…(bad)Theresultsshowedthat…(better)Comparisonofthepredictedandexperimentalresultsshowsthat…(best)Avoidtheuseof“it”and“this”example2ItisobviousthattheelectriccurrenthadlittleeffectontheconvectiveheattransfercoefficientbutiscausedlargechangesinTable1.(bad)ThedatainTable1showsthat…(good)soresultedinacomparativelyshortprecoolingperiod,Donotuseexcessivelylongsentencesexample3

Thisisbecauseofahighdccurrentoralowambienttemperature,theprecoolingperiodwascomparativelyshortandthethermalpenetrationregionwouldthereforebesothenaturalconvectionwouldbeneglected.Awhichisequivalenttowasandwasthin,example4本文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法對(duì)中溫輻射條件下受體溫度的測(cè)量，利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波爾茨曼定律通過(guò)和黑體黑度的比較將實(shí)際物體的黑度計(jì)算出來(lái)，從而得出中溫輻射時(shí)物體的黑度是隨溫度的升高而增大的規(guī)律，并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行模擬，得出了實(shí)際物體在中溫條件下的函數(shù)關(guān)系，并粗略的對(duì)誤差進(jìn)行分析和改進(jìn)。本文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法對(duì)中溫輻射條件下受體溫度的測(cè)量，Thisarticlethroughtheexperimentalmethodtothewarmradiationconditionundertheacceptortemperaturedetermination.Thispaper,underthemediatemperatureofthermalradiation,anactualsubstancetemperaturewasmeasuredexperimentally.利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波爾茨曼定律通過(guò)和黑體黑度的比較將實(shí)際物體的黑度度計(jì)算出來(lái)，DefendsthehorizontalequationaswellasStefan-Boltzmannlaw;usingtheenergy,theBoltzmannlawthroughcalculateswiththeblackbodyblacknesscomparisonactualobjectblackness.Comparisonoftheblackbodyandactualsubstanceshowstheemittance,whichisbasedonconservationofenergyandStefan-Boltzmannlaw.從而得出中溫輻射時(shí)物體的黑度是隨溫度的升高而增大的規(guī)律，Whenobtainsthewarmradiationobjectblacknessisarulewhichincreasesalongwiththetemperatureascension.Theresultwasobtainedthattheemittanceofactualsubstanceincreaseswithincreasingtemperature.并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行模擬，得出了實(shí)際物體在中溫條件下的函數(shù)關(guān)系，并粗略的對(duì)誤差進(jìn)行分析和改進(jìn)。Andtotestedcarriesonhasdrawnupandhasobtainedtheactualobjectandatthebeginningofslightlycarriesontheanalysisunderwarmconditionfunctiontotheerror,theappraisalandsameimprovem