高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第八輯 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions試題

Unit3Inventorsandinventions單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ALookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.Althoughwewerebroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalarithmetic.BeforeWorldWarⅠwespentoursummerholidaysinHungary.Ihaveonlythedimmemoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal(清澈的)clearmemoryofdogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsandaboveall,theinsects.Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilreadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconscious(意識清醒的)mind.Suddenlyyoufancyyouseetheanswertotheriddle,becauseitallseemstofittogether.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandseveralbooks,inwhichsomemightbehonoredwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist.Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistcanbemadeanaturalist.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過回憶自己的童年經(jīng)歷認為博物學(xué)家是天生的，不是后天造就的。作者在文章最后總結(jié)，僅擁有一顆好奇心、一雙敏銳的眼睛以及對世間動植物的熱愛并不能成就一位科學(xué)家，因為一個科學(xué)家最突出、最基本的特點是應(yīng)具備自我約束能力。1．Thefirstparagraphtellsusthattheauthor________.A．losthishearingwhenhewasachildB．didn'tlikehisbrothersandsistersC．wasinterestedinflowersandinsectsinhischildhoodD．wasborntoanaturalist'sfamily答案：C推理判斷題。第一段第一句中的“...convincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade”表明作者認為博物學(xué)家是天生的，不是后天造就的。由關(guān)鍵信息“mybrothersandsisterssoonabandoned...flowersandinsects”可知，他的姐妹兄弟對于花、蟲等不感興趣，但作者不像他們(Unlikethem)，由此推知作者在童年時對花草是感興趣的。故選C項。2．Accordingtotheauthor,abornnaturalistshouldfirstofallbe________.A．fullofambition B．self－disciplinedC．fullofenthusiasm D．knowledgeable答案：C推理判斷題。從第三段第一、二句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.”可知，作者認為一個博物學(xué)家首先應(yīng)具備的是對自然界的熱愛之情，故選C項。3．Theauthorsaysthatheisanaturalistratherthanascientistprobablybecausehethinkshe________.A．justreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveriesB．lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofscientistsC．hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmeticD．comesupwithsolutionsinmostnaturalways答案：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句，并結(jié)合第二句“Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.”可知，作者認為自己不是科學(xué)家，因為一個科學(xué)家的基本素質(zhì)就是有自律能力，但作者恰恰缺乏這一點。故選B項。4．Theauthorcouldn'trememberhisrelativesclearlybecause________.A．hedidn'tliveverylongwiththemB．hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththemC．thefamilywasextremelylargeD．hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature答案：D推理判斷題。第二段作者回憶了在農(nóng)場度過的日子，對于那里的狗、鳥等動物作者至今仍歷歷在目，但對那里的親戚、房子、玩具已記不清了，可見他從小就專注于觀察自然界中的一切，其他事情他幾乎很少關(guān)注。故選D項。BEarlyonemorning,morethanahundredyearsago,anAmericaninventorcalledEliasHowefinallyfellasleep.Hehadbeenworkingallnightonthedesignofasewingmachinebuthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblem:Itseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedlewithoutanyproblems.Thoughhewastired,Howesleptbadly.Heturnedandturned.Thenhehadadream.Hedreamtthathehadbeencaughtbyterriblesavageswhosekingwantedtokillhimandeathimunlesshecouldbuildaperfectsewingmachine.Whenhetriedtodoso,Howeranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.ThekingflewintoarageandorderedhissoldierstokillHowe.Theycameuptowardshimwiththeirspearsraised.Butsuddenlytheinventornoticedsomething.Therewasaholeinthetipofeachspear.Theinventorawokefromthedream,realizingthathehadjustfoundtheanswertotheproblem.Insteadoftryingtogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedle,heshouldmakeitrunthroughasmallholeinthecenteroftheneedle.ThiswasthesimpleideathatfinallymadeHowedesignandbuildthefirstreallypractisedsewingmachine.EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.ThomasEdison,theinventoroftheelectriclight,saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.SodidthegreatphysicistAlbertEinstein.CharlotteBrontealsodrewinherdreamsinwritingJaneEyre.Toknowthevalueofdreams,youhavetounderstandwhathappenswhenyouareasleep.Eventhen,apartofyourmindisstillworking.Thisunconscious(無意識的),butstillactivepartunderstandsyourexperiencesandgoestoworkontheproblemsyouhavehadduringtheday.Itstoresallsortsofinformationthatyoumayhaveforgottenorneverhavereallynoticed.Itisonlywhenyoufallasleepthatthispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.However,theunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.Thisiswhydreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestous”．篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。一直困擾著發(fā)明家伊萊亞斯·豪的一個關(guān)于縫紉機的問題在夢中找到了答案。許多科學(xué)家像愛迪生、愛因斯坦等都有過在夢中找到問題答案的經(jīng)歷，文章以縫紉機的誕生為例說明了夢的價值。5．TheproblemHowewastryingtosolvewas________.A．whatkindofthreadtouseB．howtodesignaneedlewhichwouldnotbreakC．wheretoputtheneedleD．howtostopthethreadfromgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“buthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblem:Itseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedle”及第二段中的“Howeranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.”可知，豪面臨的問題是如何避免線纏繞到針上，所以答案是D。6．ThomasEdisonisspokenofbecause________.A．healsotriedtoinventasewingmachineB．hegotsomeofhisideasfromdreamsC．hewasoneofHowe'sbestfriendsD．healsohaddifficultyinfallingasleep答案：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.ThomasEdison,theinventoroftheelectriclight,saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.”可知，豪并不是唯一一個通過此方法找到答案的人，愛迪生也是在夢中得到問題的答案的，所以答案是B。7．Dreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestous”because________.A．strangeimagesareusedtocommunicateideasB．imageswhichhavenomeaningareusedC．wecanneverunderstandtherealmeaningD．onlyspeciallytrainedpeoplecanunderstandthem答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“thispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.However,theunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.”可知，大腦的一部分在無意識下工作，發(fā)信息到其他部分，這部分大腦使用的是一種奇怪的圖像，所以答案是A。Ⅱ.七選五Youhavesomegreatideas.Buttheydon'tcomeoutbecauseofwhatyourfriendssayorbecauseyouthinkthatonlyafewpeoplecanbecreativegeniuses(天才).And,you,ofcourse,thinkthatyoucouldn'tbeoneofthem.__1__Anyonewhoisacreativegeniuswilltellyouthatcreativityisverymuchlikeamusclethatneedstobedeveloped.__2__Ontheotherhand,keepworkingatit,andthisskillwillsoonbereadyforactionwheneveryouneedit.Sohowdoyoudevelopyourownpersonalstyleofcreativethinking?Youshouldrealizethatyourbrainhasagreatercapacity(容量)andahigherspeedthantheworld'sbiggestandfastestcomputer.__3__Read,watchandlistentoeverythingaroundyou—goodandbad.Themoreyouknow,themoreyou'llwanttoknow,andthemoreyourbrainwillbeexercised.Trysomethingneweveryday.__4__Youneedtostepoutofyourcomfortzone(舒適地帶)moreandmoreeachday.Followthesesuggestions,andbeginthinkingbeyondyour“l(fā)imits”fromtoday.__5__Whoknows,yourideamightbethenextgreatideatochangetheworld.A．Butactually,thisisnottrueatall.B．Yourconstructiveideasshouldbeacceptedbyothers.C．Soit'simportanttogetasmuchinformationasyoucaneveryday.D．You'llsoonhavealifefullofinterestingandexcitingadventures.E．Agoodsocialenvironmentcaninfluenceyourcreativethinkingpositively.F．Letyourexperiencesshowyoumoreabouttheworldandpeoplearoundyou.G．Ifyoudon'tlearnhowtodevelopcreativethinking,thisskill,justlikeamuscle,willbecomepooranduseless.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者就如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性思維給出了有效的建議。1．A空格前面提到人們因為朋友說的話或者他們自己覺得只有少數(shù)人才能成為具有創(chuàng)造力的天才而使自己的想法沒有為大家所知。下文主要闡述了一些可以提高創(chuàng)造性思維的方法，因此，空處應(yīng)該選一個承上啟下的句子，故A項“但是實際上，這種想法一點兒都不對”符合語境。2．G設(shè)空處前一句將創(chuàng)造力比喻成需要被鍛煉的肌肉，G項中的“l(fā)ikeamuscle”與前文相呼應(yīng)和承接，另結(jié)合句意，可確定G項符合語境。3．C設(shè)空后內(nèi)容表述你知道的越多，你想知道的就會越多，你的大腦就越會得到鍛煉。故C項“因此，每天得到盡可能多的信息是很重要的”符合語境。4．F設(shè)空處前一句提到每天要嘗試新事物，而F項“讓你的經(jīng)歷向你展示有關(guān)你周圍的世界和人的更多(信息)”正是這樣做的結(jié)果。5．D由空前的“beginthinkingbeyondyour‘limits’fromtoday”和后文的“yourideamightbethenextgreatideatochangetheworld”可知，D項“你將很快擁有一個充滿有趣的和令人興奮的冒險經(jīng)歷的生活”符合語境。Ⅲ.語法填空Theadobedwellings(土坯房)__1__(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven__2__mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__3__(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout__4__(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__5__(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__6__(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;__7__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__8__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__9__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__10__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，重點介紹了美國Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房獨特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點。1．built考查非謂語動詞。本句主語是Theadobedwellings，謂語是areadmired，因此設(shè)空處需要填所給動詞的非謂語形式，即用過去分詞短語作定語表示一個被動的、已完成的動作。2．the考查冠詞的用法。形容詞最高級前用定冠詞the。3．a(chǎn)bility考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語，且前有their修飾，故填名詞ability。4．using考查非謂語動詞。介詞without之后接動名詞作賓語。5．slowly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞。6．tocool考查非謂語動詞。這是adj./adv.＋enoughtodo句型，表示“足以……”，不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語。7．a(chǎn)t考查介詞。atthesametime“與此同時”，是固定搭配。8．goes考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。結(jié)合“dayafterday”及語境可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)狀。主語為Thiscycle，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9．natural考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。10．how考查疑問副詞。根據(jù)“figuredout(弄清楚，計算出),thick(厚)”可知，應(yīng)填表示(數(shù)量、程度、大小等)多少的疑問副詞how，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在本句中表示“墻壁有多厚”。Ⅳ.書面表達學(xué)校正在組織科技創(chuàng)新大賽，你想為日常生活中某件物品(如鋼筆、書包、鞋子……)設(shè)計添加新功能來參賽。請以“MyMagic_____