高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第八輯 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions試題

Unit3Inventorsandinventions單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ALookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.Althoughwewerebroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalarithmetic.BeforeWorldWarⅠwespentoursummerholidaysinHungary.Ihaveonlythedimmemoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal(清澈的)clearmemoryofdogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsandaboveall,theinsects.Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilreadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconscious(意識(shí)清醒的)mind.Suddenlyyoufancyyouseetheanswertotheriddle,becauseitallseemstofittogether.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandseveralbooks,inwhichsomemightbehonoredwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist.Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistcanbemadeanaturalist.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)回憶自己的童年經(jīng)歷認(rèn)為博物學(xué)家是天生的，不是后天造就的。作者在文章最后總結(jié)，僅擁有一顆好奇心、一雙敏銳的眼睛以及對(duì)世間動(dòng)植物的熱愛(ài)并不能成就一位科學(xué)家，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)科學(xué)家最突出、最基本的特點(diǎn)是應(yīng)具備自我約束能力。1．Thefirstparagraphtellsusthattheauthor________.A．losthishearingwhenhewasachildB．didn'tlikehisbrothersandsistersC．wasinterestedinflowersandinsectsinhischildhoodD．wasborntoanaturalist'sfamily答案：C推理判斷題。第一段第一句中的“...convincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade”表明作者認(rèn)為博物學(xué)家是天生的，不是后天造就的。由關(guān)鍵信息“mybrothersandsisterssoonabandoned...flowersandinsects”可知，他的姐妹兄弟對(duì)于花、蟲(chóng)等不感興趣，但作者不像他們(Unlikethem)，由此推知作者在童年時(shí)對(duì)花草是感興趣的。故選C項(xiàng)。2．Accordingtotheauthor,abornnaturalistshouldfirstofallbe________.A．fullofambition B．self－disciplinedC．fullofenthusiasm D．knowledgeable答案：C推理判斷題。從第三段第一、二句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.”可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)博物學(xué)家首先應(yīng)具備的是對(duì)自然界的熱愛(ài)之情，故選C項(xiàng)。3．Theauthorsaysthatheisanaturalistratherthanascientistprobablybecausehethinkshe________.A．justreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveriesB．lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofscientistsC．hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmeticD．comesupwithsolutionsinmostnaturalways答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句，并結(jié)合第二句“Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己不是科學(xué)家，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)科學(xué)家的基本素質(zhì)就是有自律能力，但作者恰恰缺乏這一點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。4．Theauthorcouldn'trememberhisrelativesclearlybecause________.A．hedidn'tliveverylongwiththemB．hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththemC．thefamilywasextremelylargeD．hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature答案：D推理判斷題。第二段作者回憶了在農(nóng)場(chǎng)度過(guò)的日子，對(duì)于那里的狗、鳥(niǎo)等動(dòng)物作者至今仍歷歷在目，但對(duì)那里的親戚、房子、玩具已記不清了，可見(jiàn)他從小就專(zhuān)注于觀察自然界中的一切，其他事情他幾乎很少關(guān)注。故選D項(xiàng)。BEarlyonemorning,morethanahundredyearsago,anAmericaninventorcalledEliasHowefinallyfellasleep.Hehadbeenworkingallnightonthedesignofasewingmachinebuthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblem:Itseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedlewithoutanyproblems.Thoughhewastired,Howesleptbadly.Heturnedandturned.Thenhehadadream.Hedreamtthathehadbeencaughtbyterriblesavageswhosekingwantedtokillhimandeathimunlesshecouldbuildaperfectsewingmachine.Whenhetriedtodoso,Howeranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.ThekingflewintoarageandorderedhissoldierstokillHowe.Theycameuptowardshimwiththeirspearsraised.Butsuddenlytheinventornoticedsomething.Therewasaholeinthetipofeachspear.Theinventorawokefromthedream,realizingthathehadjustfoundtheanswertotheproblem.Insteadoftryingtogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedle,heshouldmakeitrunthroughasmallholeinthecenteroftheneedle.ThiswasthesimpleideathatfinallymadeHowedesignandbuildthefirstreallypractisedsewingmachine.EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.ThomasEdison,theinventoroftheelectriclight,saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.SodidthegreatphysicistAlbertEinstein.CharlotteBrontealsodrewinherdreamsinwritingJaneEyre.Toknowthevalueofdreams,youhavetounderstandwhathappenswhenyouareasleep.Eventhen,apartofyourmindisstillworking.Thisunconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)的),butstillactivepartunderstandsyourexperiencesandgoestoworkontheproblemsyouhavehadduringtheday.Itstoresallsortsofinformationthatyoumayhaveforgottenorneverhavereallynoticed.Itisonlywhenyoufallasleepthatthispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.However,theunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.Thisiswhydreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestous”．篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一直困擾著發(fā)明家伊萊亞斯·豪的一個(gè)關(guān)于縫紉機(jī)的問(wèn)題在夢(mèng)中找到了答案。許多科學(xué)家像愛(ài)迪生、愛(ài)因斯坦等都有過(guò)在夢(mèng)中找到問(wèn)題答案的經(jīng)歷，文章以縫紉機(jī)的誕生為例說(shuō)明了夢(mèng)的價(jià)值。5．TheproblemHowewastryingtosolvewas________.A．whatkindofthreadtouseB．howtodesignaneedlewhichwouldnotbreakC．wheretoputtheneedleD．howtostopthethreadfromgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“buthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblem:Itseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedle”及第二段中的“Howeranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.”可知，豪面臨的問(wèn)題是如何避免線纏繞到針上，所以答案是D。6．ThomasEdisonisspokenofbecause________.A．healsotriedtoinventasewingmachineB．hegotsomeofhisideasfromdreamsC．hewasoneofHowe'sbestfriendsD．healsohaddifficultyinfallingasleep答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.ThomasEdison,theinventoroftheelectriclight,saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.”可知，豪并不是唯一一個(gè)通過(guò)此方法找到答案的人，愛(ài)迪生也是在夢(mèng)中得到問(wèn)題的答案的，所以答案是B。7．Dreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestous”because________.A．strangeimagesareusedtocommunicateideasB．imageswhichhavenomeaningareusedC．wecanneverunderstandtherealmeaningD．onlyspeciallytrainedpeoplecanunderstandthem答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“thispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.However,theunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.”可知，大腦的一部分在無(wú)意識(shí)下工作，發(fā)信息到其他部分，這部分大腦使用的是一種奇怪的圖像，所以答案是A。Ⅱ.七選五Youhavesomegreatideas.Buttheydon'tcomeoutbecauseofwhatyourfriendssayorbecauseyouthinkthatonlyafewpeoplecanbecreativegeniuses(天才).And,you,ofcourse,thinkthatyoucouldn'tbeoneofthem.__1__Anyonewhoisacreativegeniuswilltellyouthatcreativityisverymuchlikeamusclethatneedstobedeveloped.__2__Ontheotherhand,keepworkingatit,andthisskillwillsoonbereadyforactionwheneveryouneedit.Sohowdoyoudevelopyourownpersonalstyleofcreativethinking?Youshouldrealizethatyourbrainhasagreatercapacity(容量)andahigherspeedthantheworld'sbiggestandfastestcomputer.__3__Read,watchandlistentoeverythingaroundyou—goodandbad.Themoreyouknow,themoreyou'llwanttoknow,andthemoreyourbrainwillbeexercised.Trysomethingneweveryday.__4__Youneedtostepoutofyourcomfortzone(舒適地帶)moreandmoreeachday.Followthesesuggestions,andbeginthinkingbeyondyour“l(fā)imits”fromtoday.__5__Whoknows,yourideamightbethenextgreatideatochangetheworld.A．Butactually,thisisnottrueatall.B．Yourconstructiveideasshouldbeacceptedbyothers.C．Soit'simportanttogetasmuchinformationasyoucaneveryday.D．You'llsoonhavealifefullofinterestingandexcitingadventures.E．Agoodsocialenvironmentcaninfluenceyourcreativethinkingpositively.F．Letyourexperiencesshowyoumoreabouttheworldandpeoplearoundyou.G．Ifyoudon'tlearnhowtodevelopcreativethinking,thisskill,justlikeamuscle,willbecomepooranduseless.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者就如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性思維給出了有效的建議。1．A空格前面提到人們因?yàn)榕笥颜f(shuō)的話或者他們自己覺(jué)得只有少數(shù)人才能成為具有創(chuàng)造力的天才而使自己的想法沒(méi)有為大家所知。下文主要闡述了一些可以提高創(chuàng)造性思維的方法，因此，空處應(yīng)該選一個(gè)承上啟下的句子，故A項(xiàng)“但是實(shí)際上，這種想法一點(diǎn)兒都不對(duì)”符合語(yǔ)境。2．G設(shè)空處前一句將創(chuàng)造力比喻成需要被鍛煉的肌肉，G項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)ikeamuscle”與前文相呼應(yīng)和承接，另結(jié)合句意，可確定G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。3．C設(shè)空后內(nèi)容表述你知道的越多，你想知道的就會(huì)越多，你的大腦就越會(huì)得到鍛煉。故C項(xiàng)“因此，每天得到盡可能多的信息是很重要的”符合語(yǔ)境。4．F設(shè)空處前一句提到每天要嘗試新事物，而F項(xiàng)“讓你的經(jīng)歷向你展示有關(guān)你周?chē)氖澜绾腿说母?信息)”正是這樣做的結(jié)果。5．D由空前的“beginthinkingbeyondyour‘limits’fromtoday”和后文的“yourideamightbethenextgreatideatochangetheworld”可知，D項(xiàng)“你將很快擁有一個(gè)充滿有趣的和令人興奮的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷的生活”符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Theadobedwellings(土坯房)__1__(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven__2__mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__3__(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout__4__(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__5__(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__6__(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;__7__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__8__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__9__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__10__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，重點(diǎn)介紹了美國(guó)Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房獨(dú)特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點(diǎn)。1．built考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句主語(yǔ)是Theadobedwellings，謂語(yǔ)是areadmired，因此設(shè)空處需要填所給動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，即用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作。2．the考查冠詞的用法。形容詞最高級(jí)前用定冠詞the。3．a(chǎn)bility考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語(yǔ)，且前有their修飾，故填名詞ability。4．using考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞without之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。5．slowly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。6．tocool考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這是adj./adv.＋enoughtodo句型，表示“足以……”，不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。7．a(chǎn)t考查介詞。atthesametime“與此同時(shí)”，是固定搭配。8．goes考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。結(jié)合“dayafterday”及語(yǔ)境可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。主語(yǔ)為T(mén)hiscycle，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。9．natural考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。10．how考查疑問(wèn)副詞。根據(jù)“figuredout(弄清楚，計(jì)算出),thick(厚)”可知，應(yīng)填表示(數(shù)量、程度、大小等)多少的疑問(wèn)副詞how，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在本句中表示“墻壁有多厚”。Ⅳ.書(shū)面表達(dá)學(xué)校正在組織科技創(chuàng)新大賽，你想為日常生活中某件物品(如鋼筆、書(shū)包、鞋子……)設(shè)計(jì)添加新功能來(lái)參賽。請(qǐng)以“MyMagic_____