物流管理英文

CourseAdministrationTextbookBallou,RonaldH.,BusinessLogisticsManagement:Planning,Organizing,andcontrollingtheSupplychain,FifthEdition,PrenticeHall.ReferencesLambert,D,J.StockandEllram,Fundamentalsoflogisticsmanagement,McGrawHillinternationaleditions.Coyle,J.,E.BardiandC.LangleyJr.,Themanagementofbusinesslogistics:asupplychainperspective,7e,Thomsonlearning.第一頁第二頁，共52頁。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第二頁第三頁，共52頁。Example:askiwearmakerRetailseasonfromSeptoDecOver95%oftheproductsarenewdesignseachyearRetailstoresarelocatedinNorthAmericamostouterwear(parkas,pants,suits,shells,andjackets)areproducedinAsiaEachstylecomesinseveralcolorsandthereareseveralstyle/colorsintotalWhatneedstobedoneinordertomakeasale?第三頁第四頁，共52頁。第四頁第五頁，共52頁。Example:Boeing787第五頁第六頁，共52頁。Example:Boeing787ThedesignofBoeing787wasfinishedinfourcountriesasUSA,Japan,Italian,andRussia.IntheprojectofBoeing787,morethan4millionpartswillbeproducedinmorethan40countries.Boeingonlyproducedlessthen10%partinthisproject.Andhewillassemblethepartsinhisownmanufactory.第六頁第七頁，共52頁。Example:Boeing787WingJapanBodyItalianUndercarriageFranceRudderChinaWingJapan第七頁第八頁，共52頁。Example:ThehubofFedExMemphis第八頁第九頁，共52頁。LouisvilleExample:ThehubofUPS第九頁第十頁，共52頁。Example:Thehub

inPacific-Asia廣州第十頁第十一頁，共52頁。Example:ThehubinEuropean第十一頁第十二頁，共52頁。ChallengesChallengeHowtomakethemanufacturemoreefficiently,howtoconnectthedifferenceplantsmoretightly,howtoreducethecostandhowtoincreasetheservicelevel?Whatisthebasicsupporttothisperformance?OneanswerislogisticsBut,why?第十二頁第十三頁，共52頁。WarehousingWarehousingTransportationTransportationVendors/plants/portsTransportationFactoryTransportationCustomersInformationflowsTheImmediateSupplyChainforanIndividualFirmCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.1-2第十三頁第十四頁，共52頁。Value-addedRoleProductionFormMarketing*PossessionLogisticsTimeandPlace*EngineeringandFinancemayalsobeinvolved.第十四頁第十五頁，共52頁。Logistics–differentperspectiveManagementofmaterialsinmotionandatrest–InventoryGettingtherightproducttothecustomer,intherightquantity,intherightcondition,attherightplace,attherighttime,andattherightcost(calledthe“sevenRsoflogistics”)–CustomerThebranchofmilitarysciencehavingtodowithprocuring,maintaining,andtransportingmaterial,personnel,andfacilities-Dictionary第十五頁第十六頁，共52頁。Logistics–differentperspectiveThatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomerrequirements–CouncilofLogisticsManagementHandlingthedetailsofanactivity–Commonculture第十六頁第十七頁，共52頁。EvolutionofSupplyChainManagementCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.第十七頁第十八頁，共52頁。SubdivisionsofLogisticsMilitarylogisticsEventlogisticsLogisticsinmanufacturingLogisticsinservices第十八頁第十九頁，共52頁?！啊璍ogisticsalsoprovedaprobleminthisidyllicbutremotelocation.Thedaybeforethefestival,aplaneskiddedofftherunway,closingLijiangairportfortheday.Musicfans,mediaandperformersfoundthemselvesgrounded.ManyhadtotakeovernightbusridesfromKunmingtoLijiang.…ButgettingtoLijiangwasjustthebeginning.Thefestivalsiteitselfwasa45-minutedriveoutoftown,intheshadowofSnowMountain.Transportproblemsplaguedtheweekend,asituationmademoreunbearablebytheweather.”Turnedon,turnedinandwashedout,SCMP,Aug.24,2002第十九頁第二十頁，共52頁?！癆sacombatarmsofficer,Ilearnedearlyonthatit’sthelogisticiansthatgetyoutothebattleandsustainyouinthebattle.”GeneralColinPowellFormerChairman,JointChiefsofStaff“Anarmymarchesonitsstomach!”第二十頁第二十一頁，共52頁。“Dr.Amy,themedicaldirectorofAmericanRedCross(ARC)’sregionalbloodcenterforthenorthernOhioregionlocatedinCleveland,wasinlowspirits.FollowingMarch,inwhichsevereoutdatingofbloodproductshadtakenplace,shewasfacinganextremeshortageofbloodinApril.ThesubstantialoutdatingofbloodproductsinMarchandtheirsevereshortageinAprilhadprovedverycostly.ShereflectedupontheARC’sstatedmission“ofprovidingthehighestqualitybloodcomponentsatthelowestpossiblecost.”ShewonderedifsomechangesinitsbloodinventorymanagementprogramwouldreduceoperatingcostsforARCandalsoincreasetheavailabilityofbloodtothehospitalsthatitsupplies.…”BusinessLogisticsManagement,RonaldH.Ballou第二十一頁第二十二頁，共52頁?！癐ntwoyearsNationalSemiconductorreduceddistributioncostsby2.5percent,decreaseddeliverytimeby47percent,andincreasedsalesby34percentbyclosingsixwarehousesaroundtheglobeandair-freightingmicrochipstocustomersfromanewcentralizeddistributioncenterinSingapore.”Henkoff,R.Deliveringthegoods,Fortune,Nov.28,1994第二十二頁第二十三頁，共52頁。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第二十三頁第二十四頁，共52頁。LogisticsObjectivesCustomerserviceCostAddvalueTimePlaceActivitiesOrderprocessingTransportationInventoryLocationWarehousingPackagingMaterialhandlingSourcing第二十四頁第二十五頁，共52頁。

qualitydetailedproductionschedulingequipmentmaint.capacity

customerservicestandardspricingpackagingretaillocation

promotionmarketresearchproductmixsalesforcemanagement

productschedulingplantlocationpurchasing

transportinventoryorderprocessingmaterialhandlingProduction/OperationsLogisticsMarketing第二十五頁第二十六頁，共52頁。LogisticsandFinance/AccountingROA=(revenue-expenses)/assetsLogisticscanimpactROAinseveralwaysinventoryisanassetonthebalancesheetutilizationoflogisticsrelatedassetslogisticscostLogisticsmanagershavetojustifyinvestmentinlogistics-relatedassets.Accountingsystemsarecriticalforprovidingcostinformationforlogistics

第二十六頁第二十七頁，共52頁。TheImportanceandChallengeLogisticscreatesvaluestocustomers;Thecostsaresignificant;Logisticscangaincompetitiveadvantage.Productlifecyclesbecomeshorterandshorter;Supplychainbecomemorecomplex;Productvarietyincreases第二十七頁第二十八頁，共52頁。CompetitiveadvantageDellSelldirectlyfromitswebsiteandcall-centersBuildtoorderOutsourcecomponentproductionandexpressshippingZaraSpeedtomarketinaroundfiveweeks(industrynorm:6-9months)AvoidmassproductionWal-MartCollaborativeplanningforecastingandreplenishmentCross-dockingRFID第二十八頁第二十九頁，共52頁。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第二十九頁第三十頁，共52頁。LogisticsTriangleCustomerServiceTransportationInventoryLocation第三十頁第三十一頁，共52頁。OtherIssuesWarehousingInternationallogisticsReverselogisticsITissuesEDI,Internet,ERPandothersSourcing第三十一頁第三十二頁，共52頁。Plant:HoustonMarket:ChicagoProductioncost:$8PriceatMarket:$15Transportationandstoragecost(percwt):$5Weightpershirt:1poundExample:currentpractice第三十二頁第三十三頁，共52頁。Example:analternativeRawmaterials:HoustonPlant:ChinaMarket:ChicagoImportduty:$0.5Productioncost:$4

Transportationandstoragecosts(percwt.):$6Weightofrawmaterial:1poundShippingcost(percwt.):$2第三十三頁第三十四頁，共52頁。Example:questionsFromalogistics-productioncoststandpoint,shouldtheshirtbeproducedinChina?Whatadditionalconsiderations,otherthantheabovelogistics-productiontradeoff,mightbeconsideredbeforemakingafinaldecision?第三十四頁第三十五頁，共52頁。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第三十五頁第三十六頁，共52頁。DecisionareaStrategicTacticalOperationalTransportationModeselectionSeasonalequip-mentleasingDispatchingInventoriesLocation,ControlpoliciesSafetystocklevelsOrderfillingOrderprocessingOrderentry,transmittal,andprocessingsystemdesignProcessingorders,FillingbackordersPurchasingDevelopmentofsupplier-buyerrelationsContracting,ForwardbuyingExpeditingWarehousingHandlingequipmentselection,LayoutdesignSpaceutilizationOrderpickingandrestockingFacilitylocationNumber,size,andlocationofwarehousesStrategic,Tactical,andOperationalPlanning第三十六頁第三十七頁，共52頁。GuidelinesforLogisticsPlanningTotalcostconceptsDifferentiateddistributionPostponementConsolidationStandardization第三十七頁第三十八頁，共52頁。TotalcostconceptsRailTruckAirCostCostoftransportationInventorycostInventoryandtransportationcoststrade-off第三十八頁第三十九頁，共52頁。CostCostoftransportation,orderprocessingandinventoryLostsalescostCostvs.customerservicelevelImprovedcustomerservice第三十九頁第四十頁，共52頁。CostInventorycostRevenueTransportationcostRevenueIncreasingnumberofstockingpointsSettingnumberofstockingpoints第四十頁第四十一頁，共52頁。CostInventoryholdingcostLostsalescostSettinginventorylevelAverageinventorylevel第四十一頁第四十二頁，共52頁。CostInventoryholdingcostTransportationcostSettingthefrequencyofdeliveryDeliveryinterval第四十二頁第四十三頁，共52頁。DifferentiateddistributionIdea:notallproductsorcustomersshouldbetreatedthesameway.Example1:availabilityAitem:gasolineBitem:tires,batteries,oil,greaseand transmissionfluidCitem:valvestems,windshieldwiper blades,radiatorcaps,hoses,fan belts,carwax第四十三頁第四十四頁，共52頁。Example2:customerCentralwarehouseLocalwarehouseLocalwarehousecustomercustomercustomercustomer……customer第四十四頁第四十五頁，共52頁。Example3:orderstatusCUSTOMER第四十五頁第四十六頁，共52頁。PostponementManyretailersdonotkeepinventoryotherthansamples.(time)DellComputerconfigurescomputersystemstocustomerorders.(form)Steelservicecenterscutstandardshapesand