新教材外研版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第一冊(cè)各單元重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié).文檔

外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法匯總TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHYPERLINK5.Asyouknow,6.talking(talk)iseasierthandoing.7.Later(late),Tomdoesn'tdowellinthefinalexamandheissosad.Tom'smotherknowsthatthereisnopoint8.scolding(scold)himnow,soshecomfortshimandsaid"itisnouse9.crying(cry)overspiltmilk.ThereisnolO.telling(tell)whatyoucando,justtryyourbest.Unit4Meetingthemuse=語(yǔ)法精講二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)［觀察例句］Everyartist'swishistocreatesomethingthatexpressesanidea.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisturningtohischildren'stoys.3?YangLiping'spassionisdancing.［歸納用法］不定式作表語(yǔ)常表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents'speakingability.他這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目的是要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說(shuō)的能力。-ing作表語(yǔ)，有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：表示抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常性的。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的(指蟻后的)專職工作是產(chǎn)卵。表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)與特征Thesituationisencouraging.形勢(shì)令人鼓舞。常用作表語(yǔ)的?ing有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting，inspiring，following等。過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。Theworkersweresoontired.工人們很快就累了。Thebookiswellwritten.這本書(shū)寫(xiě)得很好。常用在句中作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。f蜷訓(xùn)練？.單句語(yǔ)法填空Mytaskistoclean(clean)theclassroomthisafternoon.?Afterhearingthenews,wefeltquiteexcited(excite).?Thechildrenwillgetconfused(confuse)ifaskedtolearntoomuchatatime.Pleaseremainseated(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.5?Wegotalittlesunburntfsunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.Thespeechwassoinspiring^inspire)thattheywereallexcited.Itwouldbeinteresting(interest)toknowwhathereallybelieved.Whatthedoctortoldmewastolie(lie)downandrest.AllIdidwas(to)give(give)himalittlepush.Thedevelopmentofouraviationindustryisquiteencouragingfencourage).短文語(yǔ)法填空Tom'shobbywas1.smoking.Helikesreadingnewspapers2.becauseitwasinteresting.Hefelt3.astonishedwhenhereadanewspaperaboutlungcancer.Whathewantedtodowas4.togive(give)upsmokingatonce.Butsometimesheremainedpuzzled(puzzle)ifheshouldcontinueorgiveup.Sohegot6.changed(change)andwenttoahospitaltofindadoctorforhelp,7.whoshowhimsome8.frightening^frighten)picturesoflungwhosmoked9.heavily(heavy).Sohewasdetermined10.tostop(stop)smokingandfollowedthedoctors*advice.Sincethen,hegotupearliereverydaytodoexercises.Unit5Revealingnature=語(yǔ)法精講二過(guò)去完成時(shí)［觀察例句］What'smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthat...AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.3?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime...Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.［歸納用法］過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作需在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前發(fā)生，即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成過(guò)去完成時(shí)是由“had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的。SoonIrealizedIhadmadeaseriousmistake.我很快就意識(shí)到我犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。Themansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.Hehadnotflownbefore.飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的人很緊張。他以前從沒(méi)乘過(guò)飛機(jī)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法“已完成”的用法：表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前或過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。句中常用by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或以before,until,when,than等詞引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)含一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。By5：00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.到昨天早上5點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)做完了那件工作。Hehadjustfinishedsweepingtheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.老師從辦公室回來(lái)時(shí)，他剛把教室打掃完。［名師點(diǎn)津］在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)閺木鋭?dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.在我到達(dá)車站之前，列車已經(jīng)開(kāi)了。Afterhe(had)arrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平?！拔赐瓿伞钡挠梅ǎ罕硎疽粋€(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前就已開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到這一過(guò)去的時(shí)間，還可能再持續(xù)下去。Uptothattimeallhadgonewell.直到那時(shí)一切都很順利。JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.約翰和簡(jiǎn)在結(jié)婚前就認(rèn)識(shí)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?！跋胂笮浴钡挠梅ㄟ^(guò)去完成時(shí)有時(shí)表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，主要用在if引導(dǎo)的和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件句以及wish,asif引導(dǎo)的從句中。Ifshehadworkedhard,shewouldhavesucceeded.要是她努力的話，她就會(huì)成功了。（事實(shí)上她沒(méi)努力，也沒(méi)成功。）IwishIhadgonewithyoutotheconcert.我要是和你一起去音樂(lè)會(huì)就好了。表示“剛剛......就......"過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,nosooner...than...等結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“剛剛......就......Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開(kāi)始演講，聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。［名師點(diǎn)津］intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示一個(gè)本來(lái)打算做而未做的事。Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.我原本打算來(lái)的，但有事發(fā)生了。過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前，因此它在時(shí)間上表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去YesterdayIreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.昨天我歸還了借的書(shū)。Hedidn'tknowathingabouttheverb,forhehadnotstudiedhislessons.他對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在車站等了20分鐘后車才來(lái)。f蜷訓(xùn)練？I.單句語(yǔ)法填空Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot(get)200picturesfromthespaceship.Hesaidhehadworked(work)inthatfactorysince1949.3?Untilthenhehadknown(know)nothingaboutityet.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeen(be)outofworkthatyear.5?Theyarrived(arrive)atthestationattenyesterday.II.短文語(yǔ)法填空Istillrememberlastwinter,1.whenIwokeupinthemorning,it2.hadstopped(stop)snowing.Lookingoutsideofthewindow,theshinywhitesnowonourlawn3.hadbeencleaned(clean)bymyfather.IclosedthebookthatI4.hadborrowed(borrow)fromlocallibraryandwentdownstairsforbreakfast.Thenmylittlebrothercametotellmethathe5.hadfinished(finish)allhishomeworkandhehad6.averynicedreamthenightbefore.Duringthebreakfast,oneofmybestfriendscametovisitmyfamily.ShewenttoAustralialastyear.7.Beforethatshe8.hadprepared(prepare)fortheexaminationofUniversityofSydneyforhalfayear.Duringherstudy,she9.hadlearned(learn)thecultureand10.professional(profession)knowledgeinherfield.Unit6Nurturingnature二語(yǔ)法精講二現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)［觀察例句］ThetrainhasbeenracingalongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong"SkyRailway,,hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Thejourneyhasbeenflyingby,andbeforeIknowit,wehavereachedTanggulaStation.5?TheQinghai-TibetPlateauhasbeenattractingpeople'sadmirationforcenturies.［歸納用法］現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成的。Heisill.He'sbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.他病了。已經(jīng)臥床3個(gè)星期了。Youreyesarered.Haveyoubeencrying?你眼睛紅了。你剛剛哭過(guò)了嗎？Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?這半天你干什么來(lái)著？現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等狀語(yǔ)以及since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用。IhavebeenreadingHemingway'sFarewelltoArmsrecently.我最近一直在讀海明威的《永別了，武器》。Shehasbeenrecitingthewordsallthemorning.她整個(gè)上午都在背單詞。ThisiswhatIhavebeenexpectingsincemychildhood.這是我從小以來(lái)就一直期待著的事情。表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束Myclothesareallwet.Fvebeenworkingintherain.我的衣服全濕了。我剛才一直在雨中干活。Heisdeaddrunk.He'sbeendrinkingwithhisfriends.他爛醉如泥。他剛才一直在和朋友們喝酒。表示一個(gè)近期內(nèi)時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)、重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。You'vebeensayingthatforfiveyears.這話你已經(jīng)說(shuō)了五年了。Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspapersandmagazinessincehebecameateacher.自從任教以來(lái)，他一直在為報(bào)刊雜志撰稿。表達(dá)較重的感情色彩。Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?看你把我的字典弄成什么樣子了？Timehasbeenflyingsoquickly!時(shí)間過(guò)得可真快??！Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天可真是個(gè)多事的日子。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見(jiàn)面嗎？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見(jiàn)到過(guò)他嗎？現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是平鋪直敘。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（可能表示不滿）Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?誰(shuí)一直在吃這些桔子呀？（還剩余一些）Whohaseatentheoranges?誰(shuí)把桔子吃光了？（強(qiáng)調(diào)吃得一個(gè)不剩）f蜷訓(xùn)練？I.單句語(yǔ)法填空TheChinesegovernmenthasbeendoing（dn）researchintovaccineagainstEHFformonths,recentlymanyhavereceivedthefirstdoses.Thedollarhasbeenclimbing（climb）steadilyallweek.3?Ihavebeenwaiting（wait）foranhourandahalf.Sheisverytired.Shehasbeenworking(work)allmorning.5?Jimhasbeenphoning(phone)Jennyeverynightforthepastweek.Theyhavebeenbuilding(build)thebridgefortwomonth.Thetelephonehasbee