高中英語-動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別必修4

PAGEPAGE4動(dòng)詞的-ing形式按功能可分為動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式何時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，何時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞。首先，我們要從概念上區(qū)分。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)，稱為動(dòng)名詞；用作形容詞或副詞時(shí)，稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。其次，我們要從用法方面區(qū)分動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞。一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作主語時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語。1．動(dòng)名詞用作主語.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.閱讀法文比講法語容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他說話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。2．有時(shí)it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞主語放在句子后面It’sniceseeingyouagain.再次見到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.從早到晚開車很累人。3.“Thereis+no”后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很難說。Therewasnoarguingwithher.沒法和她爭論。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作賓語時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語。1．有許多動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。Soyoupreferlivingabroad?這樣說你更愿意住在國外？2．有許多帶介詞的動(dòng)詞固定搭配接動(dòng)名詞作賓語Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。Priceskeeponincreasing.價(jià)格不斷上漲。三、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作狀語時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞不可以用作狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語可以用作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在謂語之前或之后，也可能與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。（表時(shí)間）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我們住在鄉(xiāng)下，交際的機(jī)會(huì)很少。（表原因）Havingmoney,hewillbuyabiggercar.（表?xiàng)l件）Knowingthesecret,shewouldnottellmeaboutit..（表讓步）Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了.（表結(jié)果）Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墻站著.（表方式或伴隨情況）四、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing的作用相當(dāng)于名詞時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞。1．動(dòng)名詞用作表語Herhobbyispainting.她的愛好是繪畫。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。2．現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語Thenewsisencouraging.這消息令人鼓舞。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。五、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，即:現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系。通常能改為一個(gè)定語從句。動(dòng)名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，或用途或功能.兩者在邏輯上無主謂關(guān)系。因此，只能改為一個(gè)for加動(dòng)名詞的短語。1．動(dòng)名詞作定語，動(dòng)名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater飲用水swimmingsuit游泳衣waitingroom候車sleepingbag睡袋parkinglot停車場sleepingpill安眠藥writingdesk寫字桌sewingmachine縫紉機(jī)writingpaper信紙operatingtable手術(shù)室checkingaccount活期賬divingsuit潛水衣readingroom閱覽室divingboard跳板playingground運(yùn)動(dòng)場washingmachine洗衣機(jī)boxingcompetition拳擊比賽washingpowder洗衣粉speakingcontest演講比賽fishingpole釣魚桿fishingline釣魚線2．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語developingcountries發(fā)展中國家aboomingtown日漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn)growingdoubts越來越大的懷疑theexistingcondition現(xiàn)有條件theremainingdays剩下的歲月lastingpeace持久的和平afallingstar流星theleadingnewspapers主要報(bào)紙therulingclass統(tǒng)治階級(jí)livingthings有生命的東西theageingpopulation老化的人口therisinggeneration成長的一代六、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作補(bǔ)語，但現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，與前面的賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。具有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞多為表示感覺的動(dòng)詞，如：smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另外，有些使役動(dòng)詞如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合賓語。還有，作為賓語補(bǔ)語的現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)前面可有as，前面的動(dòng)詞多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等?，F(xiàn)在分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語，多用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，與主語構(gòu)成復(fù)合主語。而動(dòng)名詞作補(bǔ)語對(duì)相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞卻沒這些規(guī)定。1．動(dòng)名詞用作補(bǔ)語IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。（robbing是賓語補(bǔ)語）Thisiscalledturningthingsupsidedown.這叫做把事物顛倒了。（turning是主語補(bǔ)語）2．現(xiàn)在分詞用作補(bǔ)語Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他等著歡迎我們。Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我們使火一直燃燒著。A.goingon

B.goeson

C.wenton

D.togoon

25.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.Beingseparated

B.Havingseparated

C.Havingbeenseparated

D.Tobeseparated

26.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.A.

smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked

27.HesentmeanE-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.

A.hoped

B.hoping

C.tohope

D.hopekey:1-5.ACBCD6-10CDDDC11-15AADBC16-20DACBD21-27DBBACBB（2）動(dòng)名詞

1.Nooneenjoys_______at.

A.laughingB.tolaugh

C.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed

2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse_______

.

A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokenin

C.tobreakinD.frombreakingin

3.Theyinsistedon_______anotherchancetotry.

A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven

4.—Whereismypassport?Iremember_______ithere.

—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember_______itwithyouallthetime.

A.toput;totakeB.putting;takingC.putting;totakeD.toput;taking

5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit.

A.painting;paintedB.painted;painting

C.painting;paintingD.painted;painted

6.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohisparents.

A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite

7.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_______withgreatcare.

A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof

8.Only_______Englishdoesn'tmean_______thelanguage.

A.tolearn;tolearn

B.learning;learning

C.learningabout;learn

D.learningabout;learning

9.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_______.

A.missedB.tobemissing

C.missing

D.tobemissed

10.Shedecidedtodevoteherself_______theproblemofoldage.

A.tostudy

B.studying

C.tostudying

D.study

11.Remember_______thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.

A.puttingbackB.putback

C.toputbackD.beputback

12.Assheislookingforwardto_______fromme,pleaseremember______thisletteronyourwaytoschool.

A.hear;post

B.hearing;topostC.beheard;postingD.behearing;toposting

13.Grandmasaidthatshehadalotoftrouble_______yourhandwriting.

A.toreadB.toseeC.readingC.inseeing

14.Writingstoriesandarticles_______whatIenjoymost.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

15.Weappreciate_______ustotheball.

A.themtoinviteB.toinvite

C.theirinvitingD.beinginvited

16.Wouldyoumind_______quietforamoment?I'mtrying_______aform.

A.keeping;fillingout

B.tokeep;tofillout

C.keeping;tofillout

D.tokeep;fillingout

17.Hewasafraid_______forbeinglate.

A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseen

C.tobeseenD.tohaveseen

18.I'dliketosuggest_______themeetingtillnextweek.

A.toputoff

B.puttingoff

C.putoffD.tobeputoff

19.Idon'tseehowIcouldpossiblymanage_______theworkwithout.A.finish;helping

B.tofinish;beinghelped

C.finishing;helping

D.finishing;beinghelped

20.Anythingworth_______isworthyof_______well.

A.doing;beingdone

B.doing;doing

C.tobedone;tobedone

D.tobedone;beingdone

21.Weadvisedthemtotakearest,buttheyinsisted_______thework.

A.finishB.tofinishC.infinishingD.onfinishing

22.Idelayed_______yourletterbecauseIhadbeenawayforaweek.

A.answerB.answeringC.writingD.topost

23.Thethiefdroveasfastashecouldtoescape_______bythepolice.

A.tobecaughtB.hecaughtC.beingcaughtD.catching

24.Isearchedformywalletanditwasn'tthere.Atfirst,IthoughtI_______itathome.ThenIremembered_______itouttopayforthetaxi.

A.musthaveleft;totake

B.mayleave;taking

C.mightleave;totake

D.couldhaveleft;taking

25._____