（初升高）高一英語銜接班第7講-閱讀理解（二）

（初升高）高一英語銜接班第7講——閱讀理解（二）1一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：了解高中閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)，掌握應(yīng)對(duì)不同題目的做題技巧，提高閱讀能力。二、學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：了解閱讀理解題型中推理判斷題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧。了解閱讀理解題型中猜測詞義題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧。三、課程精講：（一）重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解一）閱讀理解題的答題步驟1）先看問題，再讀文章。2）細(xì)讀全文，認(rèn)真推敲。3）復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。二）做閱讀理解題的注意事項(xiàng)：1）所選有據(jù)，避免主觀。2）符合原文的答案＝正確答案≠最佳答案。3）解題有法，但無定法，貴在得法。閱讀的目的不僅在于讀懂原文字面上的意思，還要求在理解原文觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意（learntoreadbetweenthelines）?！犊荚嚧缶V》要求考生在做此類型題時(shí)能作出簡單判斷和推理、能理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。這一能力要求常常通過對(duì)文章的推理來考查。這類題要求我們由“已知的”去推斷“未知的”，屬于一種深層次的理解。上節(jié)課我們介紹了前3種類型，下面來看第4，5種類型：4.推理判斷題常見的提問形式有：Thepurposeofthepassageisto…Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat…Theauthorsuggeststhat…Thestoryimpliesthat…Thewriter’sattitudetowards...is…Thepassageisintendedto…Intheauthor’sopinion…答題方法：在閱讀時(shí)要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，推斷文章的深層含義。對(duì)于隱含在字里行間或者流露于文章修飾詞語中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等要依據(jù)文章的主題思想進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。1）寫作意圖題。有些文章的作者不點(diǎn)明自己的寫作意圖，而讓讀者自己去體會(huì)，這種情況多出現(xiàn)在記敘文或夾敘夾議的文章中。例：ALBANY,NewYork—Studentswhorelyonworkingatnighttoimprovetheirgradesmightwanttosleeponthatstrategy:anewsurveyintheU.S.saysthosewhoneverstudyallnighthaveslightlyhighergradesthanthosewhodo.Asurveyof120studentsatSt.LawrenceUniversityfoundthatstudentswhohaveneverpulledanall-nighteronaveragehavehighergradesthanthosewhohave.Thesurveyfoundthosewhodidnotstudythroughthenighthadagradepointaverageof3.2comparedto（與……比較）2.95forthosewhohave.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellus____.A.thebadeffectsofpullinganall-nighterB.pullinganall-nighterleadstosleepproblemsC.doubtsaboutall-nightersD.all-nightershurtstudents’grades答案：D2）態(tài)度傾向題。作者的態(tài)度傾向往往隱含在文章中，而不會(huì)明確說明，因此態(tài)度傾向題也是比較有難度的推理判斷題型。例：TheNBAnowhasaseriousimageproblemmorethananyothersport.Asit’sbeenforyears,whitesmakeupamajority(大部分)ofthefans;blacksmakeupamajorityoftheplayers.TheNBAhasthepotentialtobeabridgebetweencultures,awaytobringbothsidestogetherincheeringsomeofthebestathletesofanycolor.Butit’safragilebridgeindeed,whereeveryblackorwhiteelementapparentlyforcesoutitsethnic（種族的）opposite.Andit’snothardtoimagineatimewhennobodywillbeinterestedincrossingover.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheNBAculturecouldbedescribedas____.A.supportive B.doubtful C.critical D.neutral答案：C3）細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。細(xì)節(jié)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而選出符合文章原意結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。例：Inmanycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Sadly,noteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless.Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious,butpoverty（貧窮）isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Often,thefactthatunemployed（失業(yè)）peoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening,butnotalways.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.A.youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardofliving.B.thementalillliveonthestreetbecausetheywantthecompanyofotherhomelesspeopleC.theunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomelessD.povertyisoneofthemainreasonforhomelessness答案：C4）預(yù)測想象題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫作思路，對(duì)事件可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)局或后文可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行科學(xué)、合理的預(yù)測。例：…Completingacollegeapplicationcantakesometime.Butansweringallthequestionsisnotenough.Anotherimportantstepistakingadmissionstests.TheSATisthecollegeentrytestthatAmericanhighschoolstudentsmostcommonlytake.AnotheroneistheACT.CollegesanduniversitiesmayalsorequireinternationalstudentstotaketheTOEFL(theTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage).Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.SAT B.ACT C.FSS D.TOEFL答案：D5.猜測詞義題在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到許多生詞，許多同學(xué)會(huì)立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，而且影響閱讀速度，進(jìn)而影響對(duì)語篇的整體把握。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。常見的提問方式有：Theword“…”inparagraph…canbebestreplacedby…Theunderlinedword“…”mostprobablymeans…Bysaying“…”,theauthormeans…Theexpression“…”isclosestto…Theunderlinedpart“…”(inPara.…)means…①根據(jù)定義、解釋和敘述猜測詞義。例：（浙江卷）Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.②根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。例：a)Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots（嫩芽）,oryoungleaves.b)Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“”.A.fullofrespect B.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperience D.tooshyandquiet答案：B。③根據(jù)搭配和內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義。（對(duì)比、比較）例：a)Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.b)Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialists B.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble D.ademandmadebyguests答案：C。④通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義例：a)Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?b)It’saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillage.c)Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well–designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（別扭的）handpositions.（二）即學(xué)即練1.HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.Accordingthepassage,ThePinesisa.A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood2.…Technologygreatlyinfluencesourstandpointonhowfastwethinkeverythingneedstobedone.Ifyouputadollarinthesodamachine,youexpectthebottletomoveforwardandfalldowntothebottom.Youcan’tcounthowmanytimesyou’vesmackedthemachineifitwenttooslowforyourexpectations.Youwantedinstantresults,immediatefulfillment.…Theunderlinedword“smacked”intheparagraphprobablymeans____.A.clapped B.hit C.kicked D.pushed3.Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes.”Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?”Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress’agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim4.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch（三）高考鏈接Amonthafterthehurricane（颶風(fēng)）,IreturnedhomeinNewOrleans.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtowaist-highruins（廢墟）,smellyanddirty.Beforethetrip,Ihadmycarfixed.Whentheofficeemployeeofthegaragewaswritingupthebill,shenoticedmyLouisianalicenseplate（汽車牌照）.“Nocharge”shesaid,andfirmlyshookherheadwhenIreachedformywallet.ThenextdayIwentforahaircut,andthesamethinghappened.1.Thegarageemployee’sattitudetowardtheauthorwasthatof__________.A.unconcern B.sympathy C.doubt D.tolerance2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“charge”mean?A.負(fù)責(zé) B.費(fèi)用 C.接管 D.控告3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peopleareverykind. B.Theauthorhasnomoney.C.Peopledisliketheauthor. D.Theauthor’shouseisingoodcondition.四、下講預(yù)告：下一講，我們將講解高考作文的特點(diǎn)，介紹寫作方法和技巧?！就骄毩?xí)】（答題時(shí)間：30分鐘）ASincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist.Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmyfatherdied.SoperhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather,ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim.Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(風(fēng)景畫)muchinfluenced(影響)byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.Forsomestrangereason,Ihadbeenwaitinguntilmyretirementtostartdoingwatercolorsagain,butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttime.IpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.IhadlookedthroughalltheartbooksIhadonmyshelvesandfoundhiswatercolorstobetheclosesttohowIthoughtgoodwatercolorsshouldlook.SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.However,watercolorsremainedmyfirstchoice,andIthinkIdidmybestworkthere,showingmypaintingsatanumberofartexhibitions.Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading.Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld,anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo.AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Learningtopaintinlaterlife. B.Howtopaintwatercolors.C.Anartist-turnedteacher. D.Lifeafterretirement.2.Theauthorstarteddrawingagainin1995because_________.A.hehopedtodrawapictureofhisfatherB.hecouldn’tstopmissinghisfatherC.hehadmoretimeafterretirementD.helikedanimalsandlandscapes3.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor__________.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.JohnB.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolorsD.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventy4.Howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabouthislifeasanartist?A.Veryenjoyable. B.Abitregretful.C.Ratherbusy. D.Fairlydull.BShoppingisnotassimpleasyoumaythink!Thereareallsortsoftricksatplayeachtimewereachoutforthatparticularbrandofproductontheshelf.Colouring,forexample,variesaccordingtowhattheproducersaretryingtosell.Healthfoodsarepackaged

ingreens,yellowsorbrownsbecausewethinkoftheseashealthycolours.Icecreampacketsareoftenblueandexpensivegoods,likechocolates,aregoldorsilver.Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage—bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.Thesizeofaproductcanattractashopper.Butquiteoftenabottledoesn’tcontainasmuchasitappearsto.Itisbelievedthatthebetter-knowncompaniesspend,onaverage,70per