中印兩國(guó)比較

IndiaandChina:Co-operationintheservicesector–focusoneducation

1OPPORTUNITIESinServiceSectoremphasisonEducation

GeetaPrasad2

HIGHLIGHTSOFINDIASecondmostpopulousnationMostpopulousdemocracyHugepotentialasaneducationaldestinationRupeeVs$makesitaffordabledestinationforstudy,holiday,medicaltourism,investments.Englishspeakingpopulation3ToptradingproductswithChinaatpresentIronOreCottonOtheroresNonferrousLinoleumGemsandJeweleryMachineryandInstrumentsFerroAlloys4CommonaspectsbetweenIndia&ChinaBigpopulationStressonurbanizationFocusondevelopmentofinfrastructureImprovementinEducationsectorCo-operationwithtopuniversitiesBetterstandardoflivingforcommonmanAttractingforeignstudentsCreatingmorejobsintheservicesectorMorebilateraltradebetweentwocountriesasIndiahastradedeficit5AdvantagesIndiapossessesIndiapossesses800,000squarekilometresmoreusablearablelandthanChinaIndiaalsohas10timesthenaturalfreshwaterresources.Thishashugeimplicationsfortheagricultureandtextileindustries.IfIndiamanagestheseresourcesproperly,itwillbegintoemergeasahighlycompetitiveplayerintheseglobalmarkets.IncreaseddemandforIndianagriculturewilllifthundredsofmillionsofIndianfarmersoutofpovertyandintomeaningfulconsumptionandwealthcreationmodels6EnglishspeakingpopulationwhichisgoodforservicesectorEstablishedITsectorGoodEngineeringandManagementInstitutesGlobalOutlook7Outcome:Currently70,000kilometresofhighway(expressroutes)palesagainstChina’s1.4millionkilometres.Indiahasplanshowevertodevelopandinvestsignificantamountsintobuildinganationalhighwaysystem.PurchasepowerparityismuchlowerinIndiaCottageindustryisstillencouragedVsmechanizedproduction8ADVANTAGESCHINAHASLessergestationperiodfornewbusinessesFDIFavoreddestinationformanufacturers910China'seconomyisimprovingmorequicklythanhadbeenpredicted,i.e.sizableeconomicgrowthby2015hasbeenpredictedasopposedto2050.[ChinahasalreadydrawntheattentionoftheWestforitsgrowthrates,andthe2008OlympicGamesandShanghai

Expo2010haveintensifiedthispositiveattention.AnotherfactorthatdrawsstudentstoChinaistheconsiderablylowercostoflivinginChinacomparedtomostwesterncountries.Finally,majorcitiesinChinasuchasBeijingandShanghaialreadyhaveastronginternationalpresence11ATpresentChinaattractsoverseasstudentsfromvariouscountries

Arecord292,611studentsfrom194countriesandregionsstudiedinChinain2011,up10.38percentfromthepreviousyear,figuresfromtheMinistryofEducationshow.

Thesestudentsstudiedin660colleges,academicinstitutionsandothereducationalorganizations.

Ofthetotal,25,687weresupportedbyscholarshipsfromtheChinesegovernment,up14.73percentyear-on-year.Self-fundedlearners,whichaccountedfortherest,increasedby9.98percentyear-on-year.

Asfornationalities,theRepublicofKoreasentthehighestnumberofstudentstoChina,followedbytheUnitedStatesandJapan.

Chinaaimstoattract500,000overseasstudentsby2020.12INDUSTRIESFORCROSSINVESTMENTMachineryConstructionAutomobilesandAutocomponents(JianglingandMahindraandMahindraTractors)FAWandBharatForgeTCSinChina1200employeesBankingservices:CanaraBank,UnionBank,BankofIndia,BankofBaroda,StateBankofIndia13AdvantagesChinapossessesHugemarketforagriculturalandmarineproductsTechnologyformarineTechnologyonpackagingandfoodprocessingExperiencewithmassconstructionofinfrastructureMoregrantsforresearchandtechnologyMoreOverseasprojectsforInfrastructureandmanufacturingsector14DuetoUS$:RupeeExchangerateChinacanconsidermorebusinessco-operationwithIndia.IndiacangetsupportfortechnologyinpowergenerationandagriculturalresearchfromChina.15SYNERGYPartnershipbringingbothqualitiestogetherConstructionMachineBuildingPortsandshiprepairsEntertainment–movies–dubbing,subtitlesetc.Videogames/animationindustryDevelopmentofsoftware16CHINAASANEDUCATIONALDESTINATIONFORINDIANSTUDENTSEducation–MBBSChineselanguageChineseMartialArtsChineseCultureTCM17ChinaTownentersCBSEschoolsAbhishekChoudhari,TNNSep5,2012,02.55AMISTTags:SadhanaParashar|NCR|CentralBoardofSecondaryEducationNAGPUR:ThetremendousgrowthofChineseeconomyhasgotthefinancialworld'sattentionanddespitelowlevelofEnglishspeakersthere,thesuccessstorylooksintact.Hence,itisnosurprisethattheworldisnowqueuinguptolearntheirlanguageandbridgethelinguisticgap.OneoftheinstitutionsallsettojumpontheChinesebandwagonistheCentralBoardofSecondaryEducation(CBSE).Theboard'sacademicandtrainingdirectorSadhanaParasharhasinformedallaffiliatedschoolsthattheycanofferMandarinasaforeignlanguageforStdVIfromthisacademicsessionitself.Schoolshavebeengiventheoptiontoofferthecoursefromthecurrentacademicsessionitself.Parasharhastoldschoolsinaletterthat"inordertocatertothediverseneedsofstudentsinaglobalizedworld,CBSEoffers34languagesatthesecondaryandseniorsecondaryleveloutofwhich10areforeignlanguages.InviewofChinaemergingasoneofthemajorglobaleconomiesandMandarinbeingspokenbyalargepopulationoftheworld,theboardoffersChineseinclassVIfromcurrentacademicsession".18CBSESchoolsimplementingChineseasasecondlanguagefromGradeVIisanbigopportunityforChineseTeacherstoexploreIndianTeachers/freshgraduateswhowouldlikeafutureinteachingcanchooseChinaasadestinationtocompleteTeachersCourse.19TheAssociatedChambersofCommerceandIndustryofIndia(ASSOCHAM)estimatedoverseasIndianstudentsspendtheequivalentofabout$15billionayeartopursuetheirstudies.MostfavoreddestinationforIndianstudentsis:US,UK,Australia20ShorttermandvocationalcoursesYogaTeacherTrainingCourseYogaTherapyAyurveda(TraditionalIndianmedicine)IndianculturePhilosophyLanguagetrainingasChineseisgoingtobeoferredatallCBSESchools21WithweakeningofIndianRupeeitwillgetmoreexpensiveforIndianstudentstoaffordoverseaseducation.WecanhencelookatChinaasanEducationDestinationnotonlyforgrowingMBBSEducationbutalsointoTCM,MartialArts,ChineseTeachersTrainingCertificate*,Leatherprocessing22Indianeedsco-operationforTraininganddistributionofHealthworkforce:Statisticallyspeaking,Indiancitieshavefourtimesthenumberofdoctorsandthreetimesmorenursesthaninruralareas.Meanwhile,almost80percentofthemedicalcollegesarelocatedinSouthandWestIndia.ThedirectimpactisadearthoftrainedprofessionalspracticinginruralIndia.Source:HealthI23IndiaisanoverpopulatedlargecountrywiththepotentialtosupplyEnglish-speakingworkersinmanydifferentfieldstodevelopedcountriesAsthedemandfornursesrisesworldwide,commercialrecruitershavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotentialforexportingnursesfromIndiatothesecountries.WhileIndiadoeshavealargepotentiallaborpoolthatcouldbetrainedasnurses,atpresentIndiadoesnothaveenoughprofessionalnursestomeetitsowndomestichealthservicesneeds.Source:(GCIM2005;Khadria1999,2005;NCAER2005).24NURSINGASACAREEROPTION25CanadianImmigrationNewsstatesNursesinHighDemandthroughoutCanadaAugust,2013ThereiscurrentlyahighdemandfornursesthroughoutCanada.ArecentimmigrationchangehasagainmadeitpossiblefornursestoimmigratetoCanadawithoutajoboffer.OnAugust1st2013Canada’sProvinceofQuebecannouncedimportantchangestoitspopularQuebecSkilledWorker(QSW)program,whichresultsinaCanadianPermanentResidencyVisa.UndertherevisedQSWprogram,nurseswillreceiveevenmorepointsthanpreviouslyfortheireducation/areaoftraining.26“Ifyouareanurse,nowisthetimetoseizetheopportunityandapplyforimmigrationtoCanada,”saidAttorneyDavidCohen.“NursesinCanadahaveabrightfuturewithawelcomingjobmarket,highsalariesandofcourseanexceptionalqualityoflife.”27Asdemandfornursesincreases,sotoodoestherequirementformoreeducationandtraining.Indiahas2,000nursingdiplomaschools,1,200nursingdegreeschoolsand281MScnursingcolleges.Annually,thecountryproducesaround60,000nurses."Butmajorityofthemworkintheprivatesector”.Source:TimesofIndiaKounteyaSinha,TNNFeb19,2013,03.15amIST28Indiahasacapacitytotrain79,850diplomanurses,41,650graduatenursesand1,940postgraduatenursesperyear.However,over20%ofthisnumbereveryyearheadtoforeignshores.29VariousCoursesofferedMultiPurposeHealthWorkerFemaletraining(ANMorMPHW-F)FemaleHealthSupervisortraining(HVorMPHS-F)Generalnursingandmidwifery(GNM)BSc.NursingMSc.nursingMPhilandPhD30RegisteredNurse(RN)AverageSalary:$42,000annually

NursePractitioner(NP)AverageSalary:$93,376

CertifiedRegisteredNurseAnesthetist(CRNA)AverageSalary:$153,679annuallyNurseMidwifeAverageSala