中西方文化差異

走向世界，

你準備好了嗎？IVY.Z----CultureDifferencesBetween

WesternandChineseTheDifferencesofValuesTheDifferencesofThoughtPatterns

TheDifferencesofIdoms

ContentsWhatisculture?

Classicdefinitionofculture

---"ahistoricallytransmittedpatternsofmeaning

embodiedinsymbols,asystemininherited

conceptionsexpressedinsymbolicformsby

meansofwhichmencommunicate,

perpetuateanddeveloptheirknowledgeabout

andattitudestowardlife"(Geertz,1973,p.89)CultureDifferencesBetweenWesternandChineseWhatisculture?Morethanraceorethnicity

Thelearnedtraditions,practicesandbeliefs

thatonegroupofpeopleholdincommon

“l(fā)earnedandsharedpatternsofpercievingand

adaptingtotheworld”(MullarveyO’Byrne,1997)

“systemofsharedmeanings”(Whiteford,2000)CultureDifferencesBetweenWesternandChinese圖示中西方文化差異一位德國人圖示中西文化差異:藍色代表西方人的行為方式、思維方式紅色代表中國人的行為方式、思維方式6Opinion/意見7WayofLife／生活方式8Punctuality／準時9Contacts／人際關(guān)系10Anger／對待憤怒11QueuewhenWaiting／排隊12SundaysontheRoad／周日的街景13Party／聚會14IntheRestaurant／在餐廳Traveling／旅游HandlingofProblems／處理問題ThreeMealsADay／三餐Transportation／交通工具ElderlyinDaytoDayLife／

老人的日常生活MoodsandWeather／心情與天氣TheBoss／領(lǐng)導(dǎo)What'sTrendy／時尚TheChild／孩子價值觀的啟蒙思想

Enlightenthinkingofvalues

東西方價值觀的是全方面的不同，西方的自然價值觀念是由古希臘傳統(tǒng)的自然價值觀念、基督教(christianism)傳統(tǒng)的自然價值觀念發(fā)展來的，而中國的價值觀是由道家(Taoistschool)的、以及儒家的自然價值觀發(fā)展來的。在西方價值觀中二元對置乃是關(guān)鍵，它是一種“雙重二元對置”：首先是造物者與造物的二元對置，諸如本體實在與現(xiàn)象的對置、神與萬物的對置之類，例如柏拉圖的理念世界與現(xiàn)象世界的對置；然后是人與自然界的二元對置。這是整個希臘思想、也是整個西方文化的基本構(gòu)架。

TheDifferencesofValueTheconceptofvaluesValuesareideasaboutwhatisrightandwrong,desirableandundesirable,normalandabnormal.properandimproper.Italsoincludestheassumptions,theunquestionedgivens,aboutpeople,life,andthewaysthingsare.

---ThedifferencesofvaluesTheconceptofvalues

Peoplewhogroupupinacertainculturesharecertainvalues,thatdoesnotmeantheyallshareexactlythesamevaluestothesameextent;itdoesmeanthatmostofthem.mostofthetime,agreewitheachother`sideasabouthumannature,socialrelations,rightandwrong.Amainstreamculturecanbeviewedasacollectionofvaluesandassumptionsthatgotogethertoshapethewayagroupofpeopleperceiveandrelatetotheworldaroundthem.---Thedifferencesofvalues請在此處輸入標題1.CollectivismandIndividualism

Thedefinitionof"collectivism"--Collectivismisasocialpatternconsistingofcloselylikedindividualswhoseethemselvesaspartsofoneormorecollectives(family,co-workers,tribe,nation);areprimarilymotivatedbythenormsof,anddutiesimposedbythosecollectives;arewillingtogiveprioritytothegoalsofthesecollectivesovertheirownpersonalgoals;andemphasizetheirconnectednesstomembersorthesecultures.(Triandis,1995)---Thedifferencesofvalues請在此處輸入標題1.CollectivismandIndividualism

Thedefinitionof"Individualism"

--Individualismisasocialpatternthatconsistsoflooselylikedindividualswhoviewthemselvesasindependentofcollectives;areprimarilymotivatedbytheirownpreferences,needs,rights;andthecontactstheyhaveestablishedwithothers;giveprioritytotheirpersonalgoalsoverthegoalsofothers;andemphasizerationalanalysesoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagestoassociatingwithothers.(Triandis,1995)---ThedifferencesofvaluesTheDifferencesofThoughtPatterns

Thethinkingstylesoftheeastandthewestaredifferent:EsternerstendtoseeksamenessfromdifferencewhileWesternersarelikelytofinddifferencefromsameness.Toacertaindegreen,itistrueinthatthethinkingstylesandviewinganglesbetweentheEastandtheWestaredifferent.Asamatteroffact,asearlyasthe19thcentury,theGermanMaterialisticphilosopherFeuerbachpointedoutthat“EasternerstendtoneglectdiscrepancyinconsistencywhileWesternerstendtoignoreconsistencyindicrepancy”.TheDifferencesofThoughtPatterns

AnalyticalThinkingvs.ComprehensiveThinkingPeoplenurturedinWesternculturetendtodissectthingsintopartsandanalyzetheirrelationships.Ontheotherhand,peoplebroughtupinChineseculturearelikelytosynthesizepartsandexaminethewhole.LineardissectionoftheWesternculturecontributestothedevelopmentoflogicalthinkingbyabstractreasoning,whereascircularsynthesisoftheChineseculturehelpsapersontothinkintermsofimagesandtogainintuitiveinsight.TheDifferencesofThoughtPatterns

AnalyticalThinkingvs.ComprehensiveThinkingAnalyticalthinkingprevailsinWesternculture.Peoplearegoodatclassifyingthingsandarrangingthemsystematically.ThecomprehensivemodeofthinkingholdsswayinChineseculture.Peopleareaccustomedtoobservingandjudgingthingsasanenclosedwhole.Analysisisnotrejected,butsynthesispredominates.TheDifferencesofThoughtPatterns

AbstractThinkingvs.

FigurativeThinkingLineardissectionisrelatedtoabstraction.QianXuesensays,"Abstractivethinkingseemstobelinearorbranchlike."Westernersarerelativelystrongerinmakinguseofconceptsforlogicaljudgementandresoning.Abstractionissynonymouswithprecisionandclarity,andthatmayhelptoexplainwhymoretheoreticalworksonscienceandtechnologyhavebeenproducedintheWest.TheDifferencesofThoughtPatterns

ConverseThinkingvs.

StraightThinkingDifferentnationsmighttakedifferentanglesintheirabservationandwaysofthinking.Amanifestationofthisinlanguageisthatdifferetorevencompleteconverselinguisticformsmightbeadoptedindescribingthesamephenomenon.Forexample,priorityisconsideredanhonororprivilegeinChineseculture,andtoshowhispolitenessorcourtesy,aChinesewouldaskhisTheDifferencesofThoughtPatterns

ConverseThinkingvs.

StraightThinkinghisguesttoeatorgofirstbysaying"您（先）請！",aphraseliterallymeaning"Youdothis(beforeme),please".InEnglishthecounterparyof"您（先）請！"is"Afteryou"."先"(before)isrenderedinto"after"（后）inEnglish,completelyoppositeinsequence.請在此處輸入標題

Asisknowntoall,idiomisthecoreandthequintessenceoflanguage.Ittransformsplentyofculturalinformationsuchashistory,geography,religion,andmilitary,custom,nationality,psychology,thoughtpatternandsoon.Alsoitcontainsalar