楊四軍武科大教授單元六汽車車身(課件)-《汽車專用英語 第三版》同步教學(xué) （人交版）

汽車商標(biāo)汽車及其歷史汽車發(fā)動機汽車底盤單元一單元二單元三單元四汽車電氣設(shè)備汽車車身汽車使用說明書及維修手冊汽車檢測與維修設(shè)備單元五單元六單元七單元八汽車維護汽車檢測與維修新能源汽車概述汽車商務(wù)接待單元九單元十單元十一單元十二

單元六

活塞連桿組故障診斷與修復(fù)汽車車身

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

完成本學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)后，你應(yīng)該能：1.了解汽車車身的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與分類;2.掌握汽車車身各結(jié)構(gòu)術(shù)語的英語表達；3.對相關(guān)內(nèi)容進行閱讀和翻譯；4.對汽車實物上英文單詞或詞匯進行辨認；5.正確完成課后練習(xí)。建議學(xué)時4

學(xué)時Text

Anautomobilebody(Fig.6-1)isametalframewithwindows,doors,hoodandbaggagecompartment.Itprotectstheengine,passengersandcargo.Generallyspeaking,theautomobilebodyconsistsofthehood,bodyinwhite(BIW)andsubframeofthesedan,withthecabandluggagecontainerofthetruckaswell.Anautomobilebodyisgenerallydividedintofoursections:thefront,theupper,therearandtheunderbody.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyText

IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyFig.6-1AutomobileBodyText

Thefrontbodyofanautomobileisusuallycalledasthefrontface,whichcontainssomemainpartsasfrontwings,frontbodypanels,frontbonnetandfrontsideframeandsoon.Meanwhile,thebumperbar,thegrille,frontsuspensionpartsandthefrontframesiderailarealsotheunitsofthefrontbody.Tothemostsedans,thefrontsuspension,steeringapparatusandtheengineassemblyareinstalledinthefrontbody.Whenacarsuffersfromafrontcollision,thefrontbodywillabsorbthecollisionenergyeffectively.Thus,thefrontbodyshouldbeenoughstrongandstillinstructure.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyText

Theupperbodyofanautomobileisoftentakenasacarroof,whichisgenerallysupportedbypillarsoneachsideofthebody.However,thereareconvertiblemodelswithretractablefabrictopsthatrelyonthepillaratthesideofthewindshieldforupperbodystrength,asconvertiblemechanismsandglassareasareessentiallynonstructural.Theroofcontainstheroofboard,headliningandcrossrailetc.Itmayalsohavetheequipmentsofroofglazing,roofventilationandroofantennaontheroof.SUnitSixAutomobileBodyomecarsevenhavetheroofluggagerackonit.Therearemanykindsofroofsinuse,suchashardtop,ragtop,surreytopandT-topetc.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyText

Therearbodyofanautomobileistheplacewheregoodsandluggagearestored.Itcanbesaidthattherearbodyistheextensionofthemiddlebody.Themainloadorweightoftherearbodycomesfromtherearwheelsuspension.Totherearwheeldrivevehicles,thepropellingpoweraffectsontherearbodythroughtheaxleandsuspensiondirectly.Thethree-boxtypebodyhastheseparatedpassengercompartmentandtheluggagecompartment,whiletheluggagecompartmentisunitedwiththepassengercompartmentforthetwo-boxtypebody.Theluggagecompartment,rearcompartmentlid,rearbodypanelandtherearbumperarethemainpartsoftherearbody.Manytypesoftherearbodyareusedtoday,suchashatchback,fastback,liftbackandnotchbacketc.

IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyText

Theunderbodyofanautomobileistheassemblyoftheundershield,thefloorpan,thefrontwallpanel,thefloorcrossmember,thefloorframeandthefloorsidemembers.Theloadorweightaddedbytheautomobilebodyistransmittedandthentransferredbytheunderbodywhenthecarsaredriving.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyText

Furthermore,thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindresistanceandtokeepthecarfromswayingatthedrivingspeeds.Itcanbedividedintothreekinds:theone-boxtypebody（Fig.6-2）,ofwhichtheengine,passengerandluggagecompartmentunitintoonespaceconfigurationfromoutside;thetwo-boxtypebody(Fig.6-3)orthehatchbackbody,ofwhichtheengine,passengerandluggagecompartmentformtwospaceconfigurationsfromoutside;andthethree-boxtypebody(Fig.6-4),ofwhichtheengine,passengerandluggagecompartmentformthreespaceconfigurationsfromoutside.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyText

IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyFig.6-2OneboxTypeBodyFig.6-3TwoboxTypeBodyFig.6-4ThreeboxTypeBodyText

However,therearesevenbasicbodyshapesusedtoday.1.Asedanbody(Fig.6-5):Avehiclewithfrontandbackseatscanholdfourorsixpersons.Eitheratwoorfourdoorsdesigncanbeavailableinthesedan.2.Aconvertiblebody(Fig.6-6):Convertibleshavevinylroofthatcanberaisedorlowered.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyFig.6-5ASedanBodyFig.6-6AConvertibleBodyText3.Aliftbackorahatchbackbody(Fig.6-7):Thedistinguishingfeatureofthisvehicleisitsrearluggagecompartment,whichhasmoreroomtothepassengers.4.Astationwagonbody(Fig.6-8):Astationwagonischaracterizedbyitsroof.Itextendsstraightbackandhasabiggerinteriorluggagecompartmentintherear.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyFig.6-7AliftbackorahatchbackbodyFig.6-8AStationWagonBodyText5.Apickupvehiclebody(Fig.6-9):Pickupvehicle'sbodyhasanopencargoareabehindthedriver'scompartment.6.Avanbody(Fig.6-10):Thedesignofvanbodyhasatallroofandatotallyenclosedlargecargoorpassengerarea.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyFig.6-9ApickupvehiclebodyFig.6-10AVanbodyText7.Asportutilityvehicle(SUV)body(Fig.6-11):Thisclassificationofvehiclecoversarangeofbodydesigns.IntroductiontoAutomobileBodyFig.6-11ASUVBodyText

Inoneword,theautomobilebodyistheplacewherethedriverworksandpassengersorgoodsarecontained.Nomatterhowitsshapeorframechanges,it,asaresult,providesaprotectivecoveringtotheengine,passengersandgoods.What'smore,theautomobilebody,togetherwithotherthreesystems,thechassis,theengineandtheelectricalequipment,constitutesthefourmainassembliesoftheautomobile.IntroductiontoAutomobileBody參考譯文

汽車車身（圖6-1）是一個安裝有窗、門、發(fā)動機罩和行李艙蓋的金屬框架。它起保護發(fā)動機、乘客和貨物的作用。通常來說，汽車車身主要包括轎車的發(fā)動機罩，車身本體（俗稱白車身）及副車架，還包括貨車的駕駛室和貨艙。通常又將車身分成4部分：前部、上部或頂部、后部和底部。汽車車身簡介圖6-1汽車車身參考譯文

車身前部通常又稱為前臉。它主要由前翼子板、車身前圍板、發(fā)動機罩和前段縱梁等構(gòu)件組成。同時，保險杠、格柵、前懸架部件和前車架邊框也屬于車身前部的部件。大多數(shù)轎車的前部還裝有前懸掛，轉(zhuǎn)向裝置和發(fā)動機總成。當(dāng)汽車受到正向沖擊時，需依靠前車身來有效地吸收沖擊能量。因此，前車身在構(gòu)造上必須確保足夠的強度和剛度。車身上部通常被看做是汽車的車頂，它一般由車身兩側(cè)的支柱支撐。然而也有敞篷車型，其可收縮的織物頂棚靠風(fēng)窗兩側(cè)的支柱支撐，從而形成車身上部的強度，因為轉(zhuǎn)換機構(gòu)和玻璃區(qū)域基本上是非結(jié)構(gòu)性的。車頂主要由車頂板、車頂內(nèi)襯和橫梁等組成。其上還可裝備有天窗、換氣窗和天線等。有的車型還備有車頂行李架。車身上部有幾種常用的形式，如硬頂、布頂、薩里式車頂和T形桿車頂?shù)?。汽車車身簡介參考譯文

車身后部是用于放置物品的部分，可以說是中間車身的延長部分。后車身的主要載荷來自于汽車后懸架。尤其對于后輪驅(qū)動的車輛，驅(qū)動力通過車橋、懸架直接作用于后車身上。三廂式車的乘客室與行李艙是分開的，而兩廂式的行李艙則與乘客室合二為一。車身后部主要包括行李艙和行李艙蓋，后車身板和后保險杠等構(gòu)件。如今，通常使用的車身后部形式主要有艙背式、斜背式、掀背式和折背式等。車身下部是擋泥板、地板、前圍板、地板橫梁、底架和地邊橫梁的總成。在汽車行駛中加給車身的負荷都是通過底板傳遞并加以擴散的。汽車車身簡介參考譯文

此外，車身外形設(shè)計為汽車提供了富有吸引力的、色彩豐富的、帶有現(xiàn)代感的造型。它流線型的外表減少了空氣阻力并防止汽車在行駛時發(fā)生搖動。它可分為三種類型：一廂式車身（圖6-2），它的發(fā)動機艙、客艙和行李艙在外形上形成一個空間形態(tài)的車身；兩廂式車身（圖6-3），它的發(fā)動機艙、客艙和行李艙在外形上形成兩個空間形態(tài)的車身；和三廂式車身（圖6-4），它的發(fā)動機艙、客艙和行李艙在外形上形成各自獨立形態(tài)的車身。汽車車身簡介圖6-2一廂式車身圖6-3兩廂式車身圖6-4三廂式車身參考譯文

而目前，車身形狀主要又有7類：1.轎車車身（圖6-5）：有前后兩排座椅，可容納4~6人。可分為兩門或四門轎車。2.敞篷車車身（圖6-6）：這種車的頂部用乙烯樹脂制成，可升可降。汽車車身簡介圖6-5轎車車身圖6-6敞篷車車身參考譯文3.掀背式或艙背式車身（圖6-7）：這種車的顯著特征是帶有后行李艙室，這樣乘客可擁有更大的空間。4.旅行車車身（圖6-8）：行李車最大特點是它的頂部。它的車頂延伸了平直的背部，并且在車的后部有一個寬敞的行李艙空間。汽車車身簡介圖6-7掀背式車身圖6-8旅行車車身參考譯文5.輕型貨車車身（圖6-9）：這種車的設(shè)計使駕駛室的后面可直接裝載貨物。6.搬運車車身（圖6-10）：這種車的頂部很高，可裝載大型貨車，并擁有足夠的空間。汽車車身簡介圖6-9輕型貨車車身圖6-10搬運車車身參考譯文7.運動型多功能車車身（圖6-11）：這種車的設(shè)計多種多樣?？傊?，汽車車身是駕駛員工作和裝載乘客和貨物的地方。無論它的形狀或結(jié)構(gòu)怎樣改變，都會起到保護發(fā)動機、乘客和貨物的作用。汽車車身與底盤、發(fā)動機和電氣設(shè)備等三大系統(tǒng)一起構(gòu)成了汽車的四大總成。汽車車身簡介圖6-11運動型多功能車車身ReadingMaterial

During130yearsofautomobilehistory,manytechnicalsolutionsappeared.Althoughsomeofthemdisappearedinafewyears,otherswereacceptedanduniversallyadoptedbycarmakers.Thebirthoftheautomobilewasmadepossiblebythedevelopmentoftheinternalcombustionengines.Inthisphase,theconstructionofasupportingframeforthebodyandthemechanicalcomponentswasconsideredofsecondaryrelevance.Therewasnoneedforsevererequirementsintermsofweightandstiffness,duetothelimitedpowersoftheengines.HistoryofAutomobileBodyReadingMaterial

Attheendofthe19thCentury,thefirstautomobilewhichhadhorsecoachs(Fig.6-12)structureadoptedtheinternalcombustionpropulsion.Eventhebodyterminology(phaeton,tonneau,landaulet,wagonette)wastakenfromthecoachesworld.Thestructuresweremadeofawoodenframewithwoodenbodypanelsmountedonit.Butthelimitedpowersandmaximumspeedsenabledthesestructurestoeasilystandthestaticanddynamicstresses.HistoryofAutomobileBodyFig.6-12HorseCoachesReadingMaterialAboutin1900,withtheintroductionofsteelandaluminumsheetsandthedevelopmentofdrop-hammeringandpower-hammeringmanufacturingprocesses,therewasarevolutionintheconceptofthebodystructure—thewoodenpanels,straightorbentintoverysimplecurvesbymeansofsteampre-treatment,whichwerereplacedbymetalsheetpanelslater.Thisenabledthedesignerstocreateshapeswithmorefreedom.Thebodypanelsweremainlymadeinsteel,butforthemoreluxuriouscarstheywerebuiltwithaluminumsheets.Thesebodypanelsweremountedonconventionalwoodenframes,reinforcedatthemorestressednodeswithsteelcomponents.Thistypeofstructure(metalsheetbodyonawoodenframe)wasthemostcommonforabouttenyears,until1910.HistoryofAutomobileBodyReadingMaterialIn1915,EdwardG.Buddproposedacarmadeentirelyofsteel:theoriginalideahadsteelsheetshellsweldedtogether.AnywayBudd'sideawasthebaseforthefuturedevelopmentofthesteelno-framevehiclebody.ThissolutionwasusedontheDodge(Fig.6-13)byDodgeBrothers,whomadethefirsthigh-volume(thousandsofunits)all-steelcar(1914).Inbrief,carscancomeinalargevarietyofdifferentbodystyles.Somearestillinproduction,whileothersareofhistoricalinterestonly.Thesestylesarelargelyindependentofacar's