西南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年西南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2012年西南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年西南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

PARTIGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(20POINTS)

Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencethereare

fourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethat

bestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.

1．“Itishightimethedoctor_____amoveon.”thoughtoneofthemen.

A.gets

B.got

C.getting

D.wasgetting

【答案】B

【解析】句意：其中一人認(rèn)為：“醫(yī)生是時(shí)候采取進(jìn)一步的行動(dòng)了”。在

itishightimethat句式中，that引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用過(guò)去式，意

為“是時(shí)候做……了”。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

2．Thisistheirresolutionthatextra-curriculumactivities_____partoftheir

schoollife.

A.aremade

B.weremade

C.wasmade

D.bemade

【答案】D

【解析】句意：課外活動(dòng)是他們學(xué)校生活的一部分，這是他們的決定。

Thisistheirresolutionthat...should+，should可以省略?！癮ctivities”做主

語(yǔ)，與make是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用bemade。因此，本題的正確答案為

D。

3．Accustomedtoclimbingtrees,_____.

A.thetopwasnotdifficultformetoreach

B.toreachthetopwasnotaproblem

C.Ihadnodifficultytoreachthetop

D.Ihadnodifficultyreachingthetop

【答案】C

【解析】句意：習(xí)慣了爬樹(shù)，對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，夠到上面沒(méi)有任何困

難。“Accustomedtoclimbingtrees”在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，后面主句的主語(yǔ)

要與“習(xí)慣”構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以排除A，B。havedifficultytodosth做某

事有困難。因此，本題的正確答案為C。

4．Ibegto_____tomorrow’smeeting.

A.beexcused

B.beexcusedfromattending

C.beexcusednottoattend

D.excusefrombeingattended

【答案】B

【解析】句意：請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我不能參加明天的會(huì)議。begtodosth請(qǐng)求做某

事。excusesbfromdoingsth允許某人免于做某事。因此，本題的正確答

案為B。

5．Onlywhenyouhaveacquiredafairlysoundknowledgeofgrammar

_____writeaccurately.

A.canyou

B.mustyou

C.youwill

D.youcan

【答案】A

【解析】句意：只有當(dāng)你掌握了一定的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，你才能夠準(zhǔn)確地寫(xiě)

作。onlywhen引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“只有”，后面的主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)

序。can表示“能夠”。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

6．_____,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.

A.Hadn’tbeentakengoodcareof

B.Hadhenotbeentakengoodcareof

C.Hadnothebeentakengoodcareof

D.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果他沒(méi)有受到很好的照顧，他將不會(huì)恢復(fù)地這么快。

在if虛擬條件句中，if可以省略,但從句的語(yǔ)序要用到裝,既將were,had或

should移至主語(yǔ)的前面形成倒裝,但否定詞not不前移。因此，本題的正

確答案為B。

7．Helenapologizedfor_____theparty.

A.hernotbeingabletoattend

B.herbeingnotabletoattend

C.herbeingablenottoattend

D.notherbeingabletoattend

【答案】A

【解析】句意：海倫為她沒(méi)能參加聚會(huì)而道歉。apologizetosbfordoing

sth因?yàn)樽隽四呈露蚰橙说狼?。beabletodosth能夠做某事。因此，本

題的正確答案為A。

8．Whenyouaretraveling_____,youoftenneedtostayinahotel.

A.ifonbusinessorforpleasure

B.whetheronbusinessorforpleasure

C.whetherbusinessorpleasure

D.onbusinessorpleasure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：當(dāng)你旅行的時(shí)候，無(wú)論是因?yàn)楣ぷ鬟€是為了取樂(lè)，你都

經(jīng)常需要呆在賓館里。onbusiness出差。forpleasure為了取樂(lè)，為了消

遣。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

9．I_____writingthepaperasscheduled,butmymother’sillness

interfered.Ihopeyouwillexcuseme.

A.amtohavefinished

B.wastohavefinished

C.wastofinish

D.oughttofinish

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我就要按計(jì)劃完成文章了，但是我媽媽的生病使我沒(méi)有

按時(shí)完成。我希望你能理解。本題考查betohavedone，表示事與愿違

的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)題意，文章是早該寫(xiě)好的，但是由于母親生病耽擱

了，沒(méi)有完成，而且是針對(duì)過(guò)去的事情，所以用wastohavefinished。因

此，本題的正確答案為B。

10．Heresented_____towait.Heexpectedtheminister_____himatonce.

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他討厭被要求等候，他期望部長(zhǎng)立即見(jiàn)他。resentdoing

sth討厭做某事。expectsbtodosth期望某人做某事。因此，本題的正確

答案為B。

11．Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswere

completely_____.

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：電影的流行顯示出評(píng)審員的擔(dān)心是錯(cuò)的。unjustified不

正當(dāng)?shù)?，未被證明是正確的。unjust不公平的。misguided被誤導(dǎo)的。

unaccepted被拒絕的，為被接納的。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

12．Theheadofthemuseumwas_____andletusactuallyexaminethe

ancientmanuscripts.

A.promising

B.agreeing

C.pleasing

D.obliging

【答案】D

【解析】句意：博物館的負(fù)責(zé)人是熱心的，還讓我們真正檢查古代的圖

稿。obliging助人為樂(lè)的，與人方便的，體貼的。promising有前途的。

agree同意。agreeable和藹可親的，令人愉快的。pleasing令人愉快的。

因此，本題的正確答案為D。

13．Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over_____fora

propertycompany.

A.application

B.bid

C.proposal

D.suggestion

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這個(gè)跨國(guó)公司正在做兼并一個(gè)房地產(chǎn)公司的提案。

proposal提議，提案。application應(yīng)用，申請(qǐng)。bid投標(biāo)。suggestion建

議。因此，本題的正確答案為C。

14．Theparty’sreducedvotewas_____oflackofsupportforitspolicies.

A.indicative

B.positive

C.revealing

D.evident

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這個(gè)政黨的投票減少表明其政策缺乏支持。indicative暗

示的，象征的，指示的。positive積極的。revealing暴露的，有啟迪作用

的。evident明顯的。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

15．Maryhopestobe_____fromhospitalnextweek.

A.dismissed

B.discharged

C.expelled

D.resigned

【答案】B

【解析】句意：瑪麗希望下周出院。bedischargedfromthehospital出

院。dismissed解雇的。expelled開(kāi)除的。resigned辭職的，順從的。因

此，本題的正確答案為B。

16．Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite_____.

A.invaluable

B.priceless

C.unworthy

D.worthless

【答案】D

【解析】句意：一旦一幅圖畫(huà)被證明是贗品，那它就會(huì)一文不值。

worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的，一文不值的。invaluable，priceless無(wú)價(jià)的，非常貴

重的。unworthy不值得的，無(wú)價(jià)值的。beunworthytodosth不值得做某

事。因此，本題的正確答案為D。

17．Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin_____tohis

income.

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】句意：與收入相比，他用于度假和購(gòu)買奢侈品的開(kāi)支太高了。

inproportionto...與……成比例。incomparisonwith...與……相比。in

associationwith...與……有聯(lián)系。calculation計(jì)算，估計(jì)。因此，本題的

正確答案為B。

18．Hewillhaveto_____hisindecentbehavioroneday.

A.answerto

B.answerfor

C.answerback

D.answerabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意：有一天，他將會(huì)對(duì)他不得體的行為負(fù)責(zé)。answerfor...

對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)。answerto適應(yīng)，符合。answerback應(yīng)答，回復(fù)。answer

about關(guān)于。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

19．Wewerefilledwith_____aboutflyinginsuchbadweather.

A.troubles

B.obscurity

C.ignorance

D.misgivings

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我們對(duì)于在這么糟糕的天氣下飛行充滿擔(dān)憂。

misgivings擔(dān)憂，疑慮。troubles患難，麻煩。obscurity模糊，朦朧。

ignorance無(wú)知，愚昧。因此，本題的正確答案為D。

20．Wehavebeenhearing_____accountsofyourwork.

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們一直都聽(tīng)到你在工作中的好成績(jī)。favorable有利

的，良好的，贊許的。favored有利的。favorite最喜愛(ài)的。favoring順利

的，有幫助的。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

PARTIICLOZE(20POINTS)

Decidewhichthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageif

insertedcorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyour

ANSWERSHEET.

Successfulscientistshaveoftenbeenpeoplewithwideinterests.Their

originalitymay(21)_____theirdiverseknowledge.Originalityoften

consistsinlinkingupideaswhoseconnectionwasnot(22)_____suspected.

Furthermore,varietystimulatedfreshnessofoutlook(23)_____tooconstant

studyofanarrowfieldtendsto(24)_____.Thereforereadingoughtnottobe

confinedtotheproblem(25)_____investigationnoreventoone’sownfield

ofscience,(26)_____,indeed,toscience(27)_____.However,outside

one’s(28)_____interests,inordertominimizetimespentinreading,one

canreadforthemostpart(29)_____,relyingonsummariesandreviewsto

(30)_____majordevelopments.Unlesstheresearchworker(31)_____wide

interestshisknowledgemaygetnarrowerandrestrictedtohisown(32)

_____.Oneoftheadvantagesofteachingisthatit(33)_____thescientistto

keepabreastofdevelopmentsinawiderfieldthanhe(34)_____would.

Itismoreimportanttohaveaclearunderstandingofgeneralprinciples,

without,however,thinkingofthemasfixedlaws,thanto(35)_____the

mindwithamassof(36)_____technicalinformationwhichcanreadilybe

foundinreferencebooksorcardindexes.For(37)_____thinkingitismore

importanttoseethe(38)_____thanthetrees;thestudentisindangerof

beingabletoseeonlythetree.Thescientistwithamaturemind,whohas

(39)_____agooddealonscientificmatters,hasnotonlyhadtoaccumulate

technicaldetailsbuthasacquiredenough(40)_____toseethewood.

21．A.derivefrom

B.havederivedfrom

C.bederivedfrom

D.havebeenderivedfrom

22．A.constantly

B.predominantly

C.previously

D.preciously

23．A.whereas

B.whereby

C.wherein

D.whereat

24．A.stupidity

B.wit

C.retard

D.dullness

25．A.over

B.under

C.on

D.by

26．A.ever

B.or

C.nor

D.neither

27．A.lonely

B.lonesome

C.lone

D.alone

28．A.immediate

B.instant

C.crucial

D.critical

29．A.profoundly

B.intensively

C.extensively

D.superficially

30．A.keepaccountsof

B.keepclearof

C.keepabreastof

D.keeptrackof

31．A.improves

B.elevates

C.cumulates

D.cultivates

32．A.specification

B.specialty

C.subject

D.superstition

33．A.forced

B.compelled

C.constrained

D.obliged

34．A.otherwise

B.however

C.unless

D.therefore

35．A.loot

B.load

C.loathe

D.loan

36．A.abstract

B.superficial

C.detailed

D.general

37．A.imaginative

B.visual

C.creative

D.factual

38．A.timber

B.log

C.forest

D.wood

39．A.reacted

B.responded

C.reflected

D.retrospect

40．A.property

B.perspective

C.prospect

D.prosperity

【答案與解析】

21．B根據(jù)原文可知“科學(xué)家經(jīng)常是一些具有廣泛興趣的人們，他們的

創(chuàng)造性來(lái)源于其多領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)”。derivefrom源自，來(lái)

自?！皁riginality”與“derivefrom”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。

22．C原文意在表達(dá)“創(chuàng)造性在于將人們沒(méi)有懷疑過(guò)的，而又存在關(guān)聯(lián)

的想法聯(lián)系起來(lái)”。previously之前地。constantly持續(xù)地，不斷地。

predominantly主要地，顯著地。preciously昂貴地。故選C。

23．A根據(jù)上下文可知“領(lǐng)域的多樣化會(huì)刺激產(chǎn)生新鮮的視角，而在過(guò)

于狹窄的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行持續(xù)的研究會(huì)讓人變得遲鈍”。whereas然而。whereby

借以。wherein在其中。whereat因何，隨即。故選A。

24．Ddullness遲鈍。stupidity愚蠢。wit智慧，才智。retard延遲，阻

礙。故選D。

25．B根據(jù)原文可知“閱讀不應(yīng)該局限于待研究的問(wèn)題上面，也不應(yīng)該

局限于自己的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域”。problemunderinvestigation待研究的問(wèn)題。故

選B。

26．C根據(jù)上文可知作者意在表達(dá)“閱讀，除了不應(yīng)該局限于上述領(lǐng)域

外，甚至，也不應(yīng)該局限于科學(xué)本身”。nor表否定。故選C。

27．Dsciencealone科學(xué)本身，科學(xué)自身。alone獨(dú)自的，單獨(dú)的。

lonely孤獨(dú)地。lonesome寂寞的。lone寂寞的，單身的。故選D。

28．A根據(jù)原文可知“除了個(gè)人直接的興趣，為了減少閱讀花費(fèi)的時(shí)

間，可以淺顯地完成大部分的閱讀。immediateinterest當(dāng)下的，直接

的，隨即的。instant瞬間的，立即的。crucial重要的，決定性的。critical

關(guān)鍵的。故選A。

29．D根據(jù)原文可知作者意在表達(dá)“膚淺的閱讀”superficially表面地，膚

淺地。profoundly深刻地。intensively強(qiáng)烈地，集中地。extensively廣泛

地，廣闊地。故選D。

30．C根據(jù)上文可知“許多人為了節(jié)省閱讀的時(shí)間，膚淺地閱讀。為了

解最近的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們依靠摘要和評(píng)述”。keepabreastof...了解……

的最新情況。keepaccountsof計(jì)較。keepclearof弄懂，明白。keeptrack

of...記錄……。故選C。

31．D根據(jù)原文中的“unless”可知“除非以為研究人員廣泛地培養(yǎng)自己的

興趣，只專注于自己本專業(yè)的知識(shí)會(huì)讓他的知識(shí)越來(lái)越狹窄”。cultivate

培養(yǎng)，陶冶。improve改善，增進(jìn)。elevate提升，舉起。cumulate累積，

堆積。故選D。

32．B根據(jù)原文“restrictedtohisownspecialty”可知作者意在表達(dá)“局限

于他自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域”。specialty專業(yè)。專長(zhǎng)。specification規(guī)格，說(shuō)明

書(shū)。subject科目，主題。superstition迷信。故選B。

33．D根據(jù)原文可知“教學(xué)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是使科學(xué)家緊跟重大發(fā)展”，

obligesbtodosth迫使某人做某事，具有“某人覺(jué)得自己有義務(wù)做某

事”的含義。force，compel都有“強(qiáng)迫”之意，指利用暴力，權(quán)利或個(gè)人

意志強(qiáng)迫他人做某事。constrainsbtodosth束縛某人做某事。故選D。

34．A根據(jù)上下文可知“通過(guò)教學(xué)，科學(xué)家和他原本狀況相比，能夠了

解到更廣泛領(lǐng)域的重大發(fā)展”。thanheotherwisewould比他原本。

otherwise否則，另外，指另一種情況。故選A。

35．B根據(jù)原文可知“對(duì)一般原則有一個(gè)很清晰的了解是更重要的，而

不是把詳細(xì)的具體信息塞滿腦袋”。load負(fù)重，負(fù)荷。loot搶劫，掠奪。

loathe討厭，厭惡。loan貸款。故選B。

36．C根據(jù)原文可知“amassofdetailedtechnicalinformation”意為“大量

詳細(xì)的技術(shù)信息”。detailed詳細(xì)的，精細(xì)的。abstract抽象的。superficial

表面的，膚淺的。general一般的，普通的。故選C。

37．C根據(jù)上下文可知作者意在表達(dá)“根據(jù)創(chuàng)造力的要求，看到木頭

（事物的本質(zhì)）要比看到樹(shù)更為重要”。creatingthinking創(chuàng)造力。

creative創(chuàng)造性的，富于創(chuàng)造力的。imaginative富于想象力的。visual視

覺(jué)的。factual事實(shí)的，真實(shí)的。故選C。

38．Dwood木頭，木材。timber木料。log伐木。forest森林。故選D。

39．C根據(jù)原文可知“對(duì)于成熟的科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，他能反映出很多科學(xué)問(wèn)

題”，reflect反映，反射，反思。react反應(yīng)。respond回應(yīng)，回答。

retrospect回顧，追溯。故選C。

40．B根據(jù)原文可知“成熟的科學(xué)家不僅能積累很多技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)，還能夠

擁有足夠的視角看到木頭”。perspective視角。property性質(zhì)，所有權(quán)。

prospect前景，前途。prosperity繁榮，成功。故選B。

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(20POINTS)

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedby20questionsorunfinished

statements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA.B,CandD.Choose

theonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.

MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

Afteryearsofprosperingastheworld’sworkshop,Chinanowwantstobeits

laboratoryaswell.“Innovation”hasbecomeanationalbuzzword,and

Chineseleadershavebeentossingitintotheirspeechessincethebeginning

oftheyear,whenPresidentHuJintaostartedanambitiouscampaigntodrive

China’seconomyfurtherupthevaluechain.True,newcampaignsandcatch

phrasesaredeclaredbythegovernmentandtheCommunistPartyinChina

allthetime,andtherearesignsthatthegovernmentintendstobackits

innovationcampaignwithmorethanjustwords.

Inlaunchingtheir“NationalMediumandLong-TermProgrammefor

ScientificandTechnologicalDevelopment(2006-20)”,HuJintao,Wen

Jiabao,andothertopofficialshavevowedtospendmoreonscienceand

technology,andtoinsistonbusinessreforms.TheirgoalistomoveChina

beyonditsdependenceonnaturalresourcesandcheaplabor,andstakeits

placeamongliveeconomiesthatdependoneducationandinformation

technology.

Officialssayprivatelythatthenewpolicyemergedonlyafteryearsof

contentiousinternaldebate.Onedividewasbetweennationalists,who

advocatedago-it-aloneapproachtowardsdevelopingindigenoustechnology,

andotherswhoweremoreopentointernationalcollaboration.Therewere

abodisagreementsastowhetherthecampaignshouldconcentrateon

scientificmega-projectsorincrementalinnovation.

OnetargetistoreduceChina’sdependenceonimportedtechnologyto30%

orlessby2020.AccordingtoProfessorFangXin,oftheChineseAcademy

ofSciences,theinitiativeisamatterofnecessity.Chinamustlearnto

innovateifitistosustaingrowth.Foreignfirms,shenotes,reapmorethan

60%oftheprofitsfromChina’shigh-techexports.Otherofficialssaythat,on

average,China’s20,000largeandmedium-sizedenterprisesundertakefewer

thanfivenewdevelopmentprojectsandgenerateonlytwoandahalfnew

productseachyear.

Theplanalsocallsforanincreaseinresearchanddevelopmentspending

fromitscurrent1.23%ofGDPto2.5%by2020,puttingChinainthesame

rangeasOECDcountries’currentscores.Ms.Fangsaysbanksand

governmentdepartmentswillbetoldtohelpoutwiththeircredit,taxation

andcurrencyexchangepolicies.AccordingtoDenisSimonoftheState

UniversityofNewYork’sLevinInstitute,whoadvisestheChinese

governmentonsciencepolicy,thismovecomesjustintime.“IfChina

doesn’tdothisright.”hesays,“itrisksbecomingagood20th-century

industrialeconomyjustwhenitneedstofigureouthowtobea21st-century

knowledge-basedeconomy.”

Buttosucceed,saysMr.Simon,Chinaneedstoattendtoothermattersas

well.Theseincludean“internalbraindrain”thatseesmuchofthecountry’s

besttalentgoingtoworkforforeignfirmsinChina,andthecountry’s

notoriouslylaxregimeforprotectionofintellectual-propertyrights.Mr.

Simonpredictsthatsuchprotectionwillimproveasmorelocalbusinesses

withaninterestinthematterjointhechorusofcomplaintsfromforeigners.

AnotherhugeobstacleisthenatureofChina’seducationalsystem,which

stressesconformityanddoeslittletofosterindependentthinking.Confucian

philosophyreverestheteacheraboveall.MoreinnovativeWestern

economies,accordingtoMs.Fang,operateunderAristotle’smaxim:“Ilove

myteacherPlatogreatly,butIlovetruthmore.”

41．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Chinaisgettingseriousaboutinnovation

B.NationalMediumandLong-TermProgrammeforScientificand

TechnologicalDevelopmentiswellunderway

C.NecessityofeducationreforminChina

D.Measuresforsustainingeconomicgrowthintheyearstocome

42．WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtothepassage?

A.By2020,Chinawillhavebecomeaneconomythatdependsmoreon

educationandinformationthanonnaturalresourcesandcheaplabor.

B.By2020,Chinawillreduceitsdependenceonimportedtechnologyto

30%orless.

C.By2020,Chinawilldoubleitsexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment.

D.By2020,Chinawillbeabletoreapmorethan60%oftheprofitsfromits

high-techexports.

43．Toensurethesuccessfulimplementationoftheplan,expertssuggestall

ofthefollowingmeasuresFXCFPTthat_____.

A.governmentdepartmentsshouldhelpoutwiththeirtaxationendcurrency

exchangepolicies

B.conformitytoConfucianphilosophyshouldbeencouraged

C.protectionofintellectual-propertyrightsshouldbeimproved

D.policiesshouldbeadoptedtoattractmoretalenttoworkforChina’sfirms

44．By“internalbraindrain”,theauthorprobablymeansthat_____.

A.manyChinesescientistsareworkingforforeignfirmsinsteadofChinese

ones

B.Chinesescientistsarenotsotalentedastheirwesterncounterparts

C.thebrainpoweroftheChinesebecomesdepleted

D.theinsideofthebrainisdamaged

45．Accordingtothelastparagraph,_____.

A.Chineseteachersdeservehigherregardfortheirwork

B.ChineseeducationshouldpersistentlyupholdConfucianism

C.ChineseeducationshouldoperateonWesternphilosophy

D.Chineseeducationsystemneedsreformorientatedtowardcultivating

independentthinking

【答案與解析】

41．A根據(jù)文章第一段“‘Innovation’hasbecomeanationalbuzzword,and

Chineseleadershavebeentossingitintotheirspeechessincethebeginning

oftheyear...”可知?jiǎng)?chuàng)新在中國(guó)成為了一個(gè)流行詞，從年初開(kāi)始，就融入

了中國(guó)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的演講中。為了成為創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家，不再單純依賴自然

資源發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，中國(guó)就此制定了多種規(guī)劃。由此可知，本文重點(diǎn)在介紹

中國(guó)對(duì)創(chuàng)新的重視。故選A。

42．D根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Theirgoal...naturalresourcesandcheap

labor,andstakeitsplaceamongliveeconomiesthatdependoneducationand

informationtechnology”可知中國(guó)的目標(biāo)是不再依賴自然資源和廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)

力，而是轉(zhuǎn)向依靠教育和科技實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展。故A正確。根據(jù)文章第四段第

一句“OnetargetistoreduceChina’sdependenceonimportedtechnologyto

30%orlessby2020”，到2020年，目標(biāo)之一就是將中國(guó)對(duì)進(jìn)口科技的依

賴降低到30%或者更少。故B正確。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Theplan

alsocallsforanincreaseinresearchanddevelopmentspendingfromits

current1.23%ofGDPto2.5%by2020”可知到2020年，中國(guó)用于研發(fā)的

資金會(huì)從占GDP的1.23%上升到2.5%。即投資會(huì)加倍。故C正確。故選

D。

43．B根據(jù)文章第五段提到的“banksandgovernmentdepartmentswillbe

toldtohelpoutwiththeircredit”可知銀行和政府部門將會(huì)提供信貸的幫

助。故A正確。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段提到的“Buttosucceed...Chinaneeds

toattendtoothermatters...includecountry’snotoriouslylaxregimefor

protectionofintellectual-propertyrights...Simonpredictsthatsuchprotection

willimprove”可知為了留住人才，減少流失，中國(guó)會(huì)改善對(duì)專利權(quán)的保

護(hù)。故C，D正確。根據(jù)原文最后一段提到的“另一個(gè)障礙是中國(guó)的‘老師

至上’的教育制度不利于學(xué)生的獨(dú)立思考”。故選B。

44．A根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句“an‘internalbraindrain’thatsees

muchofthecountry’sbesttalentgoingtoworkforforeignfirmsinChina”可

知中國(guó)的人才外流是指國(guó)內(nèi)許多的杰出人才都在為中國(guó)的外企工作。故

選A。

45．D根據(jù)文章最后一段可知“根據(jù)中國(guó)的教育，學(xué)生尊重和敬畏老

師，這不能鼓勵(lì)獨(dú)立思考，更不利于創(chuàng)新，而在西方創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家的教育

下，學(xué)生尊重老師的同時(shí)，更尊重真理。而后者更有利于創(chuàng)新”。所以

推測(cè)中國(guó)鼓勵(lì)教育改革，推動(dòng)通過(guò)教育來(lái)促進(jìn)學(xué)生的自主思維和創(chuàng)新。

故選D。

TEXTB

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjects

thatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examininga

culture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandway

oflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpusto

understandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,of

course,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactual

soundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonograph

wasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationabout

music-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwo

kindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.

Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellpreservedpaintings,written

documents,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNear

EasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNear

EasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostofthe

instrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefined

folkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyear

ratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoraland

writtensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,

printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yet

theystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theability

toreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenit

becomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledoutthe

influenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,

television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsinging

computersandotherdevelopments.Thisisapartofthe“information

revolution,”atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrial

revolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimited

tomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

46．Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportance

because_____.

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization

47．Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat_____.

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEastern

andChinesemusic

B.NearEasternmusichadinfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstruments

inthesymphonyorchestra

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEastern

andWesternmusic

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyisthebasisofNearEastern

music

48．Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause_____.

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareable

toreadit

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians.

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs

49．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronic

mediaintotheworldofmusic_____.

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputers

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture

D.hasgiventothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments

50．Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbe

replacedbycomputers.

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded

C.Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterial

aspect

【答案與解析】

46．C根據(jù)文章第一段提到的“Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnology

cantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife”可知研究一個(gè)民族的物

質(zhì)文化非常重要，因?yàn)樗鼛椭覀兞私膺@個(gè)民族的歷史和生活方式。故

選C。

47．B根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“wecanoutlinethespreadofNear

EasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostofthe

instrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra”可知近東對(duì)歐洲產(chǎn)生了廣泛的影

響，這導(dǎo)致了大多數(shù)交響樂(lè)器的發(fā)展。故選B。

48．A根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“theabilitytoreadmusicnotation

hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,on

themusic-cultureasawhole”可知讀樂(lè)譜的能力對(duì)音樂(lè)家的影響重大，當(dāng)

得到廣泛傳播以后，對(duì)整個(gè)音樂(lè)文化也產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。故選A。

49．A根據(jù)文章最后一段可知“電子媒介的對(duì)音樂(lè)的物質(zhì)文化產(chǎn)生了重

要的影響，它是信息革命的一部分，它在20世紀(jì)所起到的作用相當(dāng)于19

世紀(jì)工業(yè)革命的作用”。故選A。

50．D文章第一段提到了“researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccan

helpustounderstandthemusic-culture”研究音樂(lè)的物質(zhì)文化可以幫助我們

理解音樂(lè)文化。隨后作者介紹了musicalinstruments，phonograph，

musicnotation，electronicmedia-radio的作用和影響?？芍恼轮饕榻B

了“音樂(lè)文化的發(fā)展非常依賴于其物質(zhì)方面的發(fā)展”。故選D。

TEXTC

Whatnon-drugtreatmentsworktocombatattention-deficithyperactivity

disorder(ADHD)?It’saquestionmoreparentsareaskingdoctors,prompted

bynewconcernsaboutthesafetyofmedicinesusedtotreataproblemthat

affectsanestimated4.4millionAmericanchildren.

Inthepastthreemonths,twoadvisorycommitteeshaverecommendedthat

warninglabelsonADHDdrugs,mostofthemstimulantssuchasRitalin,be

strengthenedbecauseoftheirpossiblelinkstorarecardiacproblems.

ConcernsaboutmisuseandoverprescriptionofADHDdrugsarenotnew.

Buthopethatthecommonneurobehavioraldisordercouldbeeffectively

treatedwithoutmedicationwasdealtaseven;blowsevenyearsagowhena

landmarkstudyofnearly600school-agechildrenfoundthatmedications

werethemosteffectivetreatment.

Thatstudyalsofoundthatthebestoutcomes,measuredbyparental

satisfactionandsomeacademicstandards,weretheresultof“combination”

treatment:medicationsthatreducehyperactivityandimproveconcentration,

andbehaviortherapytoaddresssomeofthemoresubtlesymptoms.

Whileothernon-drugtreatments—playtherapy,cognitivetherapy,

psychotherapyandspecialdiets—havebeenregardedaspromising,only

behavioraltreatmenthasbeenshowntowork.Butexpertscautionthatitisan

adjunctto,notasubstitutefor,medication.

AlthoughADHDspecialistssaytheyconsiderbehaviortherapyakey

componentofeffectivetreatmentandonethathasinspiredarecent

resurgenceofinterest,manyparentsdon’tinvestthetimeandeffort

necessaryforittobeeffective.

“There’ssomuchlipservicepaidto[combined]treatments,butalotof

peoplejustrelyonmedicationalone,”saidWilliamLColeman,a

developmentalpediatrician.“Weareaquick-fixsocietyandwewantresults.

There’salotoftimepressureonparentsandonteachers.”

Abehaviortherapyregimencanbedevelopedbyapediatricianoraschool

psychologistoranothermentalhealthworker.Basedonastructuredsystem

ofrewardsandconsequences—suchasincreasedordecreasedTVorvideo

gameprivileges—theprogramalsoincludeschangesinachild’senvironment

tominimizedistractions.Parentsalsoreceivetraininginhowtogive

commandsandwaystoreactwhenachildobeysordisobeys.

Expertssaybehavioraltherapysoundseasierthanitis.Parentsoften“havean

inappropriateexpectationofwhatmedicationscando,”observedWashington

pediatricianPatriciaQuinn.“Drugsdon’timproveself-esteem,lime

managementororganizationalskills.Buttheproblemisthetrick,Quinnsaid,

istokeepthingssimple,especiallyforyoungerchildren,whichenablesthem

tosucceed,therebyreinforcingthedesiredbehavior.

McLeanchildpsychiatristThomasKobylskicomparesADHDtodiabetes:

Medicationsarenecessarybutnotsufficientforbothconditions.Children

withADHD,hesaid,needmedicationaswellastheskillsthatbehavior

therapyteachestofunctionwellathomeandatschool.Thereisanadded

benefitfromcombinationtreatment,saidKobylskiStudieshavefoundthat

childrentreatedwithbehaviortherapycantakealowerdoseofmedication,

Kobvlskisaid.

PublicrelationsexecutiveSusannahBudingtonbeganusingbehaviortherapy

severalyearsago,shortlyafterAllison,theoldestofherfivechildren,was

diagnosedwithADHDandstartedtakingConcern.

“She’ssuchanenthusiastic,wonderfulkidIwouldneverwanttomedicate

thataway,”saidBudington.Concerts,shesaid,enablesAllisontobeless

impulsiveandmorecooperative,butbehaviortherapyhashelpedthe12-

year-old“operateaspartofourfamily,toplaysoccerandtodothingswith

herfriends.It’sextremelyimportant.”

Oneofthebiggestproblems,Budingtonsaid,hasbeengettingAllisontodo

herhomeworkwithoutincessantreminders.OneofthetechniquesBudington

andherhusbandrecentlydevisedinvolvesAllison’sdesiretogetherears

pierced,somethingherparentshaveagreedthatshecandowhensheturns

13.WhenAllisondoesherhomeworkwithoutprompting,shegetsachipshe

canusetomoveupthecar-piercingdatebyaweek.Badbehaviormeansa

weekisadded.

TrishWhite,nmanageratCHAAD,saidthattheinvolvementofherson’s

schoolinhisbehavioralprogramhasbeencriticaltotheprogress.Oncea

childisdiagnosedwiththedisorder,federallawrequiresthattheschool

deviseanindividualizededucationplan