Unit+4+Breaking+boundaries+Period+2+Grammar 高二英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit4Period2Grammar課堂學(xué)習(xí)Itasanemptysubject1Lookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.Sentences(a)and(c)arefromthereadingpassage.aButitisvitalnottotakeanychances.bButnottotakeanychancesisvital.cItisimportanttorememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries.dTorememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundariesisimportant.1Whatdoes“it”refertointhesentences(a)and(c)?2Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesentencesineachgroup?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(c)insteadof(b)and(d)?Itrefersto“nottotakeanychances”insentence(a)and“torememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries”insentence(c).Thefirstsentencesineachgroupuse“it”asanemptysubjectatthebeginningofthesentences.Thereasonwhysentences(a)and(c)arechosenisthatthesentencesarekeptbalancedandthekeyinformationofthesentencesisemphasised.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththisstructureinthereadingpassage,andsummariseitsusesinyourownwords.(1)WhenIsawthetragicscenesonthenews,Ifeltitwasmydutyasadoctortogothereandoffermyhelp.(2)ItissoinspiringtohavecolleagueslikeWilton,MaisyandAlfonso,nottomentionalltheothersIhaveworkedwith.(3)Inaworldstillfacingsomanyproblems,itisabsolutelyessentialforusalltocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.【語法講解】it作為形式主語的用法：it作為形式主語，所代替的是句子的邏輯主語，并無實(shí)際詞義。這可以保持句子的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免主語太長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕。it作為形式主語的三種情況：一是代表不定式，根據(jù)句子的謂語又可以分為四種類型：（1）“be+形容詞+不定式”。

e.g.Itisdifficulttotranslatethebook.翻譯這本書很難。（2）“be+名詞＋不定式”。

e.g.Itwasherdutytocleantheroom.打掃房間是她的職責(zé)。（3）“be+介詞短語+不定式”。

e.g.Itwasagainstmyprincipletodothat.做那件事違反了我的原則。（4）“及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語+不定式”。

e.g.Itcost150yuantobuythedress.買這件衣服花了150元。二是代表動(dòng)名詞，（1）一般以“be+名詞”作謂語。e.g.Itisnousedoingthat.做那件事沒有用。（2）也可以以“be+形容詞”作謂語。e.g.It'spleasantsittinghere.在這里坐著很愉快。三是代表從句，具體又可以分為四種類型：（1）“it+be+形容詞+從句”。e.g.Itisnaturalthatsheknowseverythingaboutit.她對(duì)這件事了如指掌，這是很自然的。（2）“it+be+名詞+從句”。e.g.Itisaquestionhowhedidit.問題是他是怎么做到的。（3）“it+動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)+從句”。e.g.Itisnotdecidedwhowilltakeoverthecompany.誰將接管這家公司還沒有決定。（4）“it+be/其他系動(dòng)詞+that從句”。e.g.Itmaybe/seemsthatheviewstheissuefromadifferentperspective.他可能/似乎從不同的角度看待這個(gè)問題。it作為形式主語時(shí)的一些常見句型：1）Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/...that...

e.g.Itisobviousthathe'slate.很明顯他遲到了。2）Itisimportant/necessary/right/strange/natural/...that...(should)do...

e.g.Itisnecessarythatyoudoenoughexercisesbeforetherace.你在比賽前做足夠的運(yùn)動(dòng)是有必要的。3）Itissaid/reported/learnt/...that...

e.g.Itisreportedthataseven-year-oldgirlwonthegame.據(jù)報(bào)道，一個(gè)七歲的女孩贏了比賽。4）Itissuggested/ordered/required/...that...(should)do...

e.g.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.人們建議推遲會(huì)議。5）Itisapity/shame/...that...

e.g.Itisapitythatyoudidn'tseesuchagoodfilm.真可惜你沒看到這么好的電影。6）Ithappens/seems/looks/appears/...that...

e.g.IthappensthatIknowhim.碰巧我認(rèn)識(shí)他。7）Itdoesn'tmatterwhether/if...

e.g.Itdoesn'tmatterifyoumissthebus,becausethere'sanotherone15minuteslater.你錯(cuò)過了這趟公交車也沒關(guān)系，15分鐘后還有一趟。8）Itlooks/seemsasif...

e.g.Itlooksasifheiswrong.看起來像是他錯(cuò)了。9）Ittakes...(sometime)todo...

e.g.Ittookusthreehourstogetthere.去那里要花費(fèi)我們?nèi)齻€(gè)小時(shí)。10）Itis+形容詞+(ofsb.)+todo...

e.g.Itiskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.你為我們考慮那么多，你真是太好了。2Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.Accordingtothe“2017HollywoodDiversityReport”,togetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevisionisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminorities.Thisisanothersmallbutimportantadvanceagainstgenderandracialdiscrimination.Thereportanalysed200filmsreleasedin2015and1,206TVshowsfrom2014to2015,anddiscoveredthattobecomealeadingactorinHollywoodisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactors.Inmoregoodnews,towriteanddirectHollywoodfilmsismorecommonthanbeforeforwomen.Thebadnewsisthatthereisstillalongwaytogo.Leadingrolesaremorelikelytobegiventowhiteactors.AsianAmericanactors,inparticular,stillfaceproblems.Evennow,tocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharactersisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudios.Butatleastthereportshowsthatthingsaremovingslowlyintherightdirection.Answers:1ItisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminoritiestogetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevision.2ItisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactorstobecomealeadingactorinHollywood.3ItismorecommonthanbeforeforwomentowriteanddirectHollywoodfilms.4ItisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudiostocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharacters.

3Describethecityusingtheinformationprovidedanditasanemptysubject.Beijing ?notasurprisingthing/students

seedifferentskincoloursinthe

sameclass?possible/peoplehearmany

differentlanguagesanddialects?easy/peoplefindproductsfrom

allovertheworld?notdifficult/foreignerssettle

downandfindajob?acommonthing/peoplefrom

differentcountriesworkinthe

samecompanyBeijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstosee...Sample:Beijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstoseedifferentskincoloursinthesameclass.Itispossibleforpeopletohearmanydifferentlanguagesanddialects.Itiseasyforpeopletofindproductsfromallovertheworld.Itisnotdifficultforforeignerstosettledownandfindajob.Iti