2022-2023-學年高一上學期英語寒假作業(yè)(一)

—2023學年高一上學期英語寒假作業(yè)（一）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AMoroccoFamilyJourneyDiscoverthemagicofMoroccoonaseven-dayjourneythattakesyourfamilygroupfrommarketstothedesert.MeetmusiciansandstorytellersabsorbedinAmazighheritage(遺產(chǎn)),andtryyourhandatcookingupcolourfullocaldishes.Hikepastamazingrockformations,walkwindsweptsands,anduncoverancientsecrets.WHAT’SINCLUDEDAccommodations:Hotels(8nights);8breakfasts,3lunches,4dinnersTransport:Privateair-concoach,4×4vehicleJourneyHighlights:SaharatripsandculturalexplorationsinMerzouga,thetourofAtlasFilmStudiosinOuarzazateFive-startraveldirectorsWalkinJemaael-FnaSquareFreetimetoexploreMarrakechAlltransporttoandfromincludedactivitiesWHAT’SNOTINCLUDEDVisasFlightstoandfromMoroccoBasicmedicalandemergencyinsurance(Youwillnotbepermittedtotravelwithouragencyuntilyouhaveprovidedevidenceofadequatetravelinsurance.)TripcancellationinsuranceoranyothertravelinsuranceMealsonyourownAnyactivitynotdescribedinWHAT’SINCLUDEDEmergencyFundPleasemakesureyouhaveaccesstoatleastanadditionalUSD$200ortheequivalent(等價物)asanemergencyfund,tobeusedwhencircumstancesoutsideourcontrolrequireachangeinourplannedroute.Thisisarareoccurrence!RequirementsFamilyjourneysaredesignedforgroupstravelingwithkidsbetweentheagesof7and17.Yourgroupmustincludeakidtobook,andanyoneundertheageof18mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.21.Wherecanvisitorsexperiencelocalculture?A.InMarrakech. B.InOuarzazate.C.InMerzouga. D.InJemaael-FnaSquare.22.Whichofthefollowingneedsanextracharge?A.Breakfast. B.Round-tripflighttickets.C.Accommodation. D.Guideservices.23.Whatisrequiredforagrouptojointhejourney?A.Havingatleastachildandanadult. B.Payingmoneyforemergencies.C.Beingingoodphysicalcondition. D.Buyinginsurancethroughtheagency.BInthedigitalage,opportunitiesarearisingforeveryone.However,onlythoseputtingplansintoactioncanstayahead.AlexandrWangisonesuchexample.LosAlamosNationalLaboratorywaswhereAlexandrspenthischildhood.Bothhisparentswerephysiciststhere.Alexandr,fromayoungage,hadasharpmind.Asakid,hewasregardedasamathwizard(奇才)andcompetedinnationalmathandcomputercompetitions.Finishinghighschool,AlexandrenteredMITwheremachinelearningandAIamazedhim.Hesawthepotential(潛力)ofAI,andwasexcitedabouthowitcouldchangetheworld.Butitwasn’tmakingarealimpact.Hisambitiontosetupacompanyinthatfieldwasseededthen.At17,hegottheroleoftechleadatQuoraanddroppedoutofMIT.“ItoldmyparentsitwasjustgoingtobeathingIdidforthesummer.Obviously,itwasn’t,”Alexandrsaid.Surely,hisparentsweredisappointed.Theyallknewhemadethatchangefilledwithunexpectedrisks.ButAlexandrsaid,“Ifyouaren’twillingtotakearisknow,thenwhen?”AlexandrmetLucyGuoatQuora,withwhomAlexandrfoundedScaleAI,whichturnedouttobeaconsiderablesuccess.Infact,atthattime,therewerevariousopportunitiesinthetechworld.Itwashardtodecidewhichroadtheyshouldgodown.Thenheandhisteamdecidedtotakeadifferentapproach—insteadoffollowingdiversepaths,theyagreedtofocusonone.Theywentwith“imagery,computervisionandotherkindsofsensordata”.Andthatiswhatmadethecompany’sprofitsrisequickly.ScaleAIhasanetworthofabout$7.3billionatpresent,withAlexandrbeingtheworld’syoungestself-madebillionaire.Whenaskedlessonshe’dliketosharewithfounders,Alexandrstatedthereareanumberofthings.“Thetoponeisalwaysdoingthingsthatgowithyourvaluesandhowyouwanttobuildacompanyatthebeginning.Whenyoutalktoinvestors(投資者),they’llcontributeadvicethatmaygoagainstyourgoal.Figureoutyourfocusandwhatgetsyoustarted.”24.WhatinspiredAlexandrtobuildScaleAI?A.TheworkatQuora. B.Hisexperiencesatuniversity.C.Theinfluenceofhisparents. D.Histalentformathandcomputer.25.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph4?A.ThekeytothesuccessofScaleAI. B.ChallengesofAlexandr’scareer.C.Alexandr’sgreatachievements. D.TheprocessoffoundingScaleAI.26.WhatdidAlexandradvisefounderstodo?A.Sticktooneparticulardirection.B.Keepanopenmindonsuggestions.C.Remaintruetotheoriginalintention.D.Findafriendtostartacompany.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAlexandr?A.Cleverandgenerous. B.Courageousandoutgoing.C.Ambitiousandsociable. D.Adventurousanddetermined.CWhenyoupraiseadog,it’slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightnotbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenon.Therewardpathwayinthedogs’brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraisingwordsandanapprovingintonation(贊許的語調(diào))—butnotwhentheyheardrandom(隨機的)wordsspokeninapraisingtoneorpraisingwordsspokeninaflattone,accordingtotheresearchers.“Dogsdealwithbothwhatwesayandhowwesayitinawaywhichisamazinglysimilartohowhumansdoit,”saysAttilaAndics,aneuroscientistinHungary.Whendogshearspeech,heexplains,theyseemtoseparatethemeaningofwordsfromtheintonation.ThentheleftAllthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner(掃描器).Thedogscouldgetupandleavethemachinewhenevertheywanted.Butitwascleartothedogsthattheirhumancompanionsloveditwhentheydidthisveryeasytask.“Theywerereallyhappytotakepart,”saysAndics.“Thedifficultyofthetrainingwasthattheycan’tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydirection,otherwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.”Hesaysmostdogownershaveexperimentedwithtryingto“trick”theirdogsbysayingnonsensewordsinacheerful,happytoneofvoice.“Ithinkthebigdifferencehereisthattheyonlyheardus,andtheydidn’tseeus,”saysAndics,becausethedogswereinsidethemachine.“Here,theonlyinformationtheyhadwasthespeechsignal.Whatwesawisthatforpraisetobedealtwithasareward,whenthereisnoothersupportinginformation,bothwordmeaningandintonationhavetofit.”28.Whatisregardedasarewardbydogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Praisingwordsinaflattone. B.Randomwordsinaflattone.C.Praisingwordsinapraisingtone. D.Randomwordsinapraisingtone.29.Howdodogsdealwithwhattheyhear?A.Focusmoreonthemeaning. B.Focusmoreontheintonation.C.Useinformationfromtheirpeers. D.Usethetwopartsofthebrain.30.WhatisahardpartofthetraininginAndics’opinion?A.Lookingintothedogs’brainactivity.B.Trainingdogstostaystillinthemachine.C.Keepingdogsseparatedfromtheirowners.D.Askingdogstogetupandleavethescanner.31.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DogsUnderstandToneandMeaningofWordsB.DogsIndeedKnowHowtoPraiseC.DogsCanRecognizeOwners’VoicesD.DogsCanReadMan’sMoodsDInthecomingdecade,spaceagenciesandprivatespacecompanieslikeSpaceXareplanningtobuildabaseontheMoonandMars.Whilescientistsarealreadybuildingrocketsforthejourney,forlong-termhumansettlementsonthem,astronautswillneedfueltocarryoutdailytasks.Manyhavesuggestedhydrogen(氫).ButagroupofscientistsisworkingonturningCO2intheatmosphereintojetfuel.AsMarsisrichinCO2andthelunarsurfacehasahighconcentrationofCO2,itmaybeafeasiblesolution.FornowtheteamofscientistsattheUniversityofOxfordisfocusingonmakingjetfuelfortheaviation(航空)industry.Astheaviationindustryreleasesover900milliontonsofCO2everyyear,tobattleclimatechange,itisnecessarytoturnthetide.Sofaraviationscientistshavetriedtouseotherenergyresourceslikeelectricitytofly.Butsuchflightsarelimitedtoshortdistances.Forlong-distanceflights,thereisnoalternativeyet.TheconceptofturningCO2intojetfuelisnotnew.Previously,othersimilarmethodshadtorelyonexpensivecatalysts(催化劑)likecobalttospeedupthechemicalreaction.ButwhatOxfordscientistssuggestisaddingacheapiron-basedcatalystandhydrogentoturnCO2intoliquidfuel.Astheprocesswouldnotrequireusingfossilfuel,itwillmaketheindustrycarbonneutral(碳中和的).Thescientiststestedthenewcatalystinalabat300°Candat10timestheairpressureatsealevel.Theentireprocesstook20hoursandturned38percentofCO2intonewchemicals.About48percentofthechemicalswerejetfuelhydrocarbonandtherestwereotherby-productsthatareusedintheproductionofplastic.ProfessorPeterEdwards,aleadscientistintheproject,saidthenewmethodcouldbeimprovedintwotothreeyearstoproducejetfuelinlargequantities.“Thisisareallyexciting,potentiallyrevolutionaryadvance.OurvisionisthattheworldcanseethatCO2collectedcanbeusedasanenergycarriertoenablesustainableaviation.”32.Whichwordcanbestexplain“feasible”underlinedinparagraph1?A.Unique. B.Practical. C.Time-tested. D.Quick.33.Whatproblemdoestheaviationindustryface?A.Itissufferingfromaseriousfuelshortage.B.Thetraditionaljetfuelismuchtooexpensive.C.Climatechangepartlydisturbslong-distanceflights.D.Itsalternativeenergyresourcesarenotpowerfulenough.34.WhatdoweknowabouttheOxfordscientists’methodoffuel-making?A.Itisgreenandcost-saving.B.Itiscomplexandtime-consuming.C.Itrunstestsinnaturalenvironment.D.Itstartswithimmediatechemicalreaction.35.What’sthepurposeoftheauthor?A.Toattractpeopletoexplorethespace.B.Toinformusofabreakthroughinfuelresearch.C.Towarnusthedangersofclimatechange.D.Toencourageustoworkintheaviationindustry.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Collegecanbeachallengingtimefornewcomers.Formoststudents,it’sthefirsttimethey’llbelivingaloneandawayfromtheirparents.Whilestudentsmayfaceproblemsinuniversity,therearesolutionstotheseproblems.36Fromthemomentyougetintoschool,youwillneedtochooseyourownclasses,planyourscheduleandeventuallyfindoutwhereyourclassesareattheschool.Althoughtherearetutorstohelpyouwiththis,muchofitneedstobedoneonyourown.Balanceacademics(學業(yè))andasociallife.Youwillfirstneedtoputyourclasses,studies,projectsandhomeworkinorderofimportance.Butyouwillneedtofindawaytobalanceacademicswithyoursociallife,too.37Thisisbecauseyougotoschoolwithyourfriendsatthesametimeeachday.Butincollege,yourschedulemaydifferfromyourfriends’schedules.Dealwithfinancialproblems.38Formanystudents,thisisthefirsttimethey’rereallyontheirownfinancially.Therefore,youhavetobecarefulabouthowmuchmoneyyou’respendingeachtime.Ifhavingfinancialconcerns,youcantalktoatrustedadultinyourfamily.Findtimetoeathealthilyandexercise.39Ittalksabouthowfreshmenusuallygain15poundsduringtheirfirstyearofcollege.Thisisoftenduetothelackofhealthyeatingoptionsattheschool,thelackofexerciseandfinally,drinking.Inordertokeepahealthylifestyle,besureaboutwhatyou’reeating.Inshort,youshouldavoideatingunhealthyfood.40A.Haveclassesontime.B.Planyourclassschedule.C.Moneyisabigchallengeforstudents.D.Morestudentstendtoeatunhealthyfood.E.Visitingthegymeveryweekisalsoimportant.F.Inhighschool,it’softeneasiertobalancethesetwo.G.“Freshman15”isapopularexpressioncommonlyusedincollege.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。There’restoriesbehindOlympicmedalists.Amongthem,avery41oneisthatofformerweightliftingchampionóscarFigueroa.He42intheOlympicsfourtimes,butwiththoseeventscameplentyof43beforehefinallywonhisvictory.21-year-oldFigueroamadehisfirst44inthe2004OlympicGames.Thoughrankedfifth—agoodposition,hewas45.Helookedforwardtothe2008BeijingGamestoprovehimself.46,justtwoweeksbeforetheevent,hishandwasinjured,which47Figueroainhisweightliftingandcosthimthecompetition.Figueroahadgot48thaneverbythe2012LondonGames.Sohetookhomethesilvermedal.Despiteallhe’dalready49,hestillwantedmore.In2016,heheadedtoRioto50forthetopprizeandhedid.Afterhisfinallift,knowingjusthow51hisperformancehadbeen,Figueroafelltothegroundin52.Thenheputhisshoesonthestage,indicatinghewould53fromtheOlympics.Thatyear,hebecamethefirstColombianmantohaveevertakenhomethe54inhiscategory.“It’smanyyearssinceIstarted;nowisthetimetostop,”hesaidatthe2016Olympics.“ButIamfullofemotion—it’sasthoughIwas55forthewholecountry.”41.A.pleasant B.refreshing C.touching D.bitter42.A.competed B.won C.lost D.shone43.A.blame B.guilt C.misunderstanding D.disappointment44.A.promise B.appearance C.record D.victory45.A.dissatisfied B.excited C.optimistic D.anxious46.A.Unbelievably B.Unusually C.Unfortunately D.Unbearably47.A.pulledthrough B.putoff C.droveaway D.setback48.A.older B.readier C.tougher D.calmer49.A.experienced B.suffered C.prepared D.passed50.A.apply B.enter C.approach D.fight51.A.awkward B.b