鑄造技術(shù)名詞(中英文)

鑄造名詞術(shù)語(yǔ)（GB5611-85）基本術(shù)語(yǔ)鑄造foundry,founding,casting鑄造工藝foundrytechnology鑄件casting砂型鑄造sandcastingprocess特種鑄造specialcastingprocess合金性能流動(dòng)性fluidity充型能力mold-fillingcapacity吸氣gasabsorption過(guò)冷undercooling,supercooling過(guò)冷度degreeofundercooling成核nucleation自發(fā)成核（均質(zhì)成核）homogeneousnucleation非自發(fā)成核（非均質(zhì)成核）heterogeneousnucleation凝固溫度范圍solidificationrange定向凝固（順序凝固）directionalsolidification液態(tài)收縮（液體收縮）liquidcontraction凝固收縮solidificationcontraction固態(tài)收縮（固體收縮）solidcontraction凝固時(shí)間solidificationtime自由收縮freecontraction受阻收縮hinderedcontraction鑄件線收縮率shrinkage收縮應(yīng)力contractionstress熱應(yīng)力thermalstress相變應(yīng)力transformationstress,phasechangestress2.21鑄造應(yīng)力castingstress2.22殘留應(yīng)力（殘余應(yīng)力）residualstress3鑄造用材料3.1金屬原材料3.1.1金屬原材料metallicrawmaterial3.1.2生鐵pigiron3.1.3鐵合金ferro-alloy3.1.4回爐料foundryreturns3.1.5中間合金masteralloy3.2燃料3.2.1鑄造焦炭foundrycoke3.2.2冶金焦炭metallurgicalcoke3.2.3固定碳fixedcarbon3.3熔劑3.3.1熔劑flux3.3.2除氣熔劑（除氣劑）degassingflux3.3.3覆蓋熔劑（覆蓋劑）coveringflux3.3.4精煉熔劑（精煉劑）refiningflux3.4耐火材料

耐火度（耐火性）refractoriness耐火磚firebrick耐火粘土fireclay硅磚silicabrick鎂砂grainmagnesite造型材料造型材料moldingmaterial砂sand水洗砂washed-outsand硅砂silicasand天然砂naturalsand人工砂artificialsand天然粘土砂naturallyclay-bondedsand橄欖石砂olivinesand鉻鐵礦砂chromitesand鋯砂zirconsand炭粒砂carbonsand精硅砂sharpsand紅砂redsand熟料砂chamottesand粘結(jié)劑binder粘土clay無(wú)機(jī)粘結(jié)劑inorganicbinder有機(jī)粘結(jié)劑organicbinder高嶺土kaolin膨潤(rùn)土bentonite鈉基膨潤(rùn)土sodiumbentonite鈣基膨潤(rùn)土calciumbentonite活化膨潤(rùn)土activatedbentonite干性油dryingoil自硬粘結(jié)劑（冷硬粘結(jié)劑）nobakebinder熱固樹(shù)脂粘結(jié)劑thermosettingresinbinder油類(lèi)粘結(jié)劑oilbasedbinder水玻璃粘結(jié)劑waterglassbinder,sodiumsilicatebinder紙漿廢液ligninliquor合脂粘結(jié)劑syntheticfatbinder水玻璃模數(shù)sodiumsilicatemodulus輔助材料附加物additives發(fā)熱劑exothermicmixture分型劑（脫模劑）partingagent,strippingagent3.6.4固化劑（硬化劑）hardener懸浮劑suspendingagent涂料coating砂處理型砂制備（砂處理）sandpreparation混砂sandmulling,sandmixing型砂（造型混合料）moldingsand芯砂（造芯混合料）coresand

合成砂syntheticsand自硬砂self-hardeningsand水玻璃砂sodiumsilicate-bondedsand覆膜砂precoatedsand爛砂泥（麻泥）loam調(diào)勻砂tempersand面砂facingsand背砂（填充砂）backingsand單一砂unitsand含泥量claycontent含水量moisturecontent舊砂floorsand枯砂（焦砂）burntsand廢砂wastesand熱砂hotsand松砂aeration,sand-cutting篩分（篩析）screenanalysis舊砂處理sandreconditioning舊砂再生sandreclamation沉降分選elutriation,decantation型砂性能及試驗(yàn)型砂試驗(yàn)sandtesting透氣性permeability流動(dòng)性flowability型砂強(qiáng)度sandstrength濕強(qiáng)度greenstrength干強(qiáng)度drystrength耐用性（復(fù)用性）durability砂型（芯）硬度moldhardness熱變形hotdeformation殘留強(qiáng)度retainedstrength熱強(qiáng)度hotstrength韌性toughness發(fā)氣率（發(fā)氣速度）gasevolutionrate發(fā)氣性（發(fā)氣量）gasevolution吸濕性moistureabsorption落砂性knock-outcapability潰散性collapsibility膠質(zhì)價(jià)colloidindex破碎指數(shù)shatterindex砂處理設(shè)備熱氣流烘砂裝置hotpneumatictubedrier混砂機(jī)sandmuller,sandmixer松砂機(jī)aerator,sandcutter冷卻提升機(jī)coolingelevator,coolevator篩砂機(jī)riddle磁力滾筒magneticseparator舊砂再生設(shè)備sandreclamation氣力輸送裝置pneumatictubeconveyor4鑄造合金鑄鐵鑄鐵castiron鑄鐵石墨形態(tài)morphologyofgraphiteincastiron灰鑄鐵（灰口鑄鐵）graycastiron白口鑄鐵whitecastiron麻口鑄鐵mottledcastiron共晶度degreeofsaturation碳當(dāng)量carbonequivalent片狀石墨flakegraphite初生石墨primarygraphite孕育鑄鐵inoculatedcastiron球墨鑄鐵spheroidalgraphitecastiron,nodulargraphiteiron,ductileiron球狀石墨spheroidalgraphite,nodulargraphite可鍛鑄鐵malleablecastiron黑心可鍛鑄鐵blackheartmalleablecastiron珠光體可鍛鑄鐵pearliticmalleablecastiron鐵素體可鍛鑄鐵ferriticmalleablecastiron4.1.184.1.194.1.204.1.214.1.224.1.234.1.244.1.184.1.194.1.204.1.214.1.224.1.234.1.24團(tuán)絮石墨temperedgraphite冷硬鑄鐵（激冷鑄鐵）chillediron耐磨鑄鐵wearresistingcastiron耐熱鑄鐵heatresistingcastiron耐酸鑄鐵acidresistingcastiron高硅鑄鐵highsiliconcastiron蠕墨鑄鐵vermicularcastiron,compactedgraphitecastiron蠕蟲(chóng)狀石墨vermiculargraphite合金鑄鐵alloycastiron鑄鋼鑄鋼caststeel炭素鑄鋼carboncastiron低合金鑄鋼lowalloycaststeel高錳鋼highmanganesesteel鐵素體鋼ferriticsteel鑄造非鐵合金青銅bronze鉛青銅leadbronze鋁青銅aluminumbronze黃銅brass鋁銅合金aluminum-copperalloy鋁鎂合金aluminum-magnesiumalloy鋁硅合金aluminum-siliconalloy鎂合金magnesiumalloy軸承合金（減摩合金）bearingmetal,antifrictionalmetal巴氏合金babbittalloy鈦合金titaniumalloy5熔煉工藝及設(shè)備5.1熔煉基本術(shù)語(yǔ)5.1.1熔化（熔煉）melting5.1.2重熔remelting5.1.3爐料charge5.1.4熔化率meltingrate5.1.5爐料計(jì)算chargecalculation5.1.6雙聯(lián)熔煉duplexing5.1.7元素?zé)龘p（元素?zé)龘p率）meltinglossesofvariouschemicalelements5.1.8熔煉損耗（燒損）totalmeltingloss5.1.9還原氣氛reducingatmosphere5.1.10氧化氣氛oxidizingatmosphere5.1.11惰性氣體inertgas5.1.12堿度（堿性指數(shù)）indexofbasicity5.1.13堿性渣basicslag5.1.14酸性渣acidslag5.1.15精煉refining5.1.16遺傳性heredity5.2鑄鐵熔煉5.2.1風(fēng)口比tuyereratio5.2.2有效高度effectiveheight5.2.3送風(fēng)強(qiáng)度blastintensity5.2.4預(yù)熱送風(fēng)hotblast5.2.5底焦cokebed5.2.6層焦cokesplit5.2.7隔焦（結(jié)力焦）buffercokecharge5.2.8爐襯furnacelining5.2.9堿性爐襯basiclining5.2.10酸性爐襯acidlining5.2.11棚料bridging5.2.12熔池bath5.2.13吸碳carbonpick-up5.2.14鐵焦比（焦比）iron-cokeratio5.2.15出渣deslagging5.2.16打爐cupoladrop5.3鑄鋼5.3.1氧化熔煉法oxidizingmelting5.3.2不氧化熔煉法deadmelting5.3.3真空熔煉vacuumrefining5.3.4電渣熔煉electro-slagmelting5.3.5熔渣slag5.3.6沉渣sludge5.3.7浮渣dross,cinder5.3.8氧化期（沸騰期）oxidizingstage,boil5.3.9還原期deoxidizingstage,blocking5.3.10stage還原渣reducingslag5.3.11氧化渣oxidizingslag5.3.12白渣whiteslag5.3.13脫氧deoxidation5.3.14扒渣slagging-off5.3.15脫碳decarburization脫硫desulphurization脫磷dephosphorization增碳recarburizing脫氧劑deoxidizer非鐵金屬熔煉揮發(fā)損耗volatilizinglosses靜置stewing,holding吹氮nitrogenflushing熔煉設(shè)備沖天爐cupola水冷沖天爐water-cooledcupola熱風(fēng)沖天爐hot-blastcupola濕法除塵器wetcap爐缸cupolawell前爐forehearth沖天爐加料機(jī)cupolachargingmachine爬式加料機(jī)skiphoist電磁配鐵稱(chēng)electro-magneticweighingbalancer電磁盤(pán)electromagneticchuck電弧爐（直接電弧爐）arcfurnace,directarcfurnace感應(yīng)電爐electricinductionfurnace電渣爐electroslagfurnace電磁攪拌electromagneticagitation澆包ladle搖包shakingladle底注包bottompouringladle保溫爐holdingfurnace坩堝爐cruciblefurnace熔融金屬處理孕育inoculation多孔塞法porousplugprocess變質(zhì)modification墨化劑graphitizer過(guò)熱superheating石墨球化處理nodularizingtreatmentofgraphite碳當(dāng)量?jī)xeutectometer三角試塊wedgetest-piece真空除氣vacuumdegassing澆注澆注pouring保護(hù)氣氛澆注pouringundercontrolledatmosphere澆注速度pouringrate澆注溫度pouringtemperature澆注時(shí)間pouringtime澆注位置pouringposition型內(nèi)孕育inmoldinoculation壓鐵weight搗冒口churning,pumping點(diǎn)冒口（補(bǔ)注）teeming浸入式高溫計(jì)immersionpyremeter補(bǔ)爐patching爐齡（爐襯壽命）campaign工藝設(shè)計(jì)及工藝裝備工藝設(shè)計(jì)鑄造工藝設(shè)計(jì)molddesign鑄造工藝裝備設(shè)計(jì)foundrytoolsdesign鑄造工藝圖foundrymoldingdrawing鑄件圖（毛坯圖）drawingofroughcasting起模斜度（拔模斜度）patterndraft收縮余量shrinkageallowance工藝補(bǔ)正量moldingallowance加工余量machiningallowance吃砂量moldthickness補(bǔ)貼pad分型負(fù)數(shù)jointallowance鑄件尺寸公差dimensionaltoleranceofcasting鑄件重量公差weightallowanceofcasting鑄件加工基準(zhǔn)面referencefaceformachiningofcasting鑄件表面粗糙度surfaceroughnessofcasting澆冒口系統(tǒng)澆注系統(tǒng)（澆口）gatingsystem,runningsystem封閉式澆注系統(tǒng)chokedrunningsystem,pressurizedgatingsystem半封閉式澆注系統(tǒng)enlargedrunnersystem開(kāi)放式澆注系統(tǒng)unchokedrunningsystem,non-pressurizedgatingsystem澆口盆（外澆口）pouringbasin澆口杯pouringcup澆口塞blanking-offplug直澆道sprue直澆道窩spruebase橫澆道runner篩網(wǎng)芯（濾網(wǎng)芯）strainercore內(nèi)澆道ingate離心集渣澆注系統(tǒng)whirlgate,dirttrapsystem頂注式澆注系統(tǒng)topgatingsystem底注式澆注系統(tǒng)bottomgatingsystem階梯式澆注系統(tǒng)stepgatingsystem雨淋澆口showergate縫隙澆口slotgate壓邊澆口liprunner,kissrunner牛角式澆口horngate熱節(jié)hotspot冒口riser,feederheed冒口效率riserefficiency明冒口openriser暗冒口blindriser側(cè)冒口（邊冒口）sideriser壓力冒口pressureriser大氣壓力冒口atmosphericriser6.2.29發(fā)氣壓力冒口（氣彈冒口）gas-deliveredpressureriser6.2.30透氣砂芯pencilcore6.2.31冒口頸riserneck冒口根riserpad6.2.33保溫冒口套heatinsulatingfeedersleeve6.2.34發(fā)熱冒口套exothermicfeedersleeve6.2.35補(bǔ)縮距離feedingdistance,feedingzone6.2.36易割冒口knock-offhead6.2.37易割片（易割芯片）washburncore模樣鑄造工藝裝備foundrytoolsandequipment模樣（鑄模，模）pattern母模masterpattern金屬模metalpattern骨架模skeletonpattern石膏模plasterpattern塑料模plasticpattern整體模one-piecepattern分開(kāi)模partedpattern,splitpattern活塊loosepiece模板patternplate模底板patternmountingplate單面模板singlefacepatternplate雙面模板matchplate放樣（伸圖）hotdimensionaldrawing縮尺（模樣工縮尺）shrinkagerule,pattern-maker'srule芯盒芯盒corebox脫落式芯盒troughedcorebox下芯量具coresettingscale下芯夾具corejig烘芯板coredryingplate砂箱砂箱flask,moldingbox箱帶（箱擋）flaskbar,crossbar脫箱 snapflask套箱 moldjacket套銷(xiāo) hollowpin,stubpin造型及造芯造型造型molding型腔moldcavity

鑄型（型）mold砂型sandmold上型（上箱）cope,toppart下型（下箱）drag,bottompart手工造型handmolding機(jī)器造型machinemolding自動(dòng)化造型automaticmolding分型面moldjoint有箱造型flaskmolding兩箱造型two-partmolding三箱造型three-partmolding7.1.15無(wú)箱造型7.1.16脫箱造型7.1.15無(wú)箱造型7.1.16脫箱造型7.1.17地坑造型7.1.18刮板造型7.1.19拋砂造型slingingmolding組芯造型coreassemblymolding假箱造型oddsidemolding微震壓實(shí)造型vibratorysqueezingmolding高壓造型highpressuremolding濕砂型（濕型，潮型）greensandmold砂型烘干molddrying干砂型（干型）drysandmold表面烘干型skindriedmold爛砂泥型loammold砂床bed過(guò)渡角transitionangle吊砂cod砂鉤lifter負(fù)壓造型（真空密封造型）vacuummolding流態(tài)砂造型fluidsandmolding漏模patternstripping填砂mold-filling緊實(shí)（緊砂，舂砂）ramming震實(shí)joltramming壓實(shí)squeezingramming緊實(shí)度degreeoframming二氧化碳法造型CO2process自硬砂造型self-hardeningsandmolding塞砂tucking刮砂strike-off造型生產(chǎn)線moldingline刷水swabbing敲模rapping起模（拔模）stripping扎出氣孔venting排氣道ventingchannel修型patching冷鐵densener,chill外冷鐵surfacedensener內(nèi)冷鐵internaldensener驗(yàn)型（驗(yàn)箱）trialclosing合型（合箱，組型）moldassembling,closing造芯造芯（制芯）coremaking芯（芯子）core芯骨corerod,corescab油砂芯oilsandcore預(yù)制芯embededcore,ramupcore芯頭coreprint芯座coreprint芯頭斜度coreprinttaper芯頭間隙coreprintclearance殼芯shellcore烘芯corebaking通氣蠟線ventwax冷芯盒法coldboxprocess熱芯盒法hotboxprocess芯撐chaplet造型工具造型工具h(yuǎn)andtoolsofmolding壓勺heartandspoon提溝cleaner雙頭銅勺（秋葉）doubleendedradiussleeker鏝刀trowel造型及造芯設(shè)備造型機(jī)moldingmachine壓實(shí)造型機(jī)squeezingmoldingmachine震擊臺(tái)bumper振動(dòng)臺(tái)vibratingtable微震壓實(shí)造型機(jī)vibratorysqueezer震實(shí)造型機(jī)joltmoldingmachine高壓造型機(jī)highpressuremoldingmachine射壓造型機(jī)shootingandsqueezingmoldingmachine多觸頭造型機(jī)equalizingpistonsqueezer7.4.10拋砂機(jī)sandslinger起模機(jī)drawingmachine射砂機(jī)coreshooter7.4.13擠芯機(jī)coreextruder7.4.14鑄型輸送機(jī)moldconveyor鑄件落砂及清理落砂及清理落砂shake-out,knock-out除芯decoring噴砂清理sandblasting拋丸清理shotblasting水力清砂hydrauliccleaning水砂清砂hydraulicblast清理cleaning,fettling清砂cleaning火焰表面清理scarfing清鏟chipping化學(xué)清砂chemicalcleaning精整dressingandfinishing落砂機(jī)knock-outmachine拋丸清理機(jī)shotblastmachine清理滾筒tumblingbarrel拋丸落砂清理設(shè)備shotblastreclaimingequipment懸掛式磨輪swingframegrinder修補(bǔ)及矯正矯正coining,straightening焊補(bǔ)repairwelding滲補(bǔ)impregnation特種鑄造9.1金屬型鑄造9.1.1金屬型鑄造permanentmoldcastinggravitydiecasting9.1.2金屬型metalmold9.1.3金屬芯metalcore9.1.4覆砂金屬型sand-linedmetalmold9.1.5排氣塞ventingplug9.1.6排氣槽airvent9.1.7龜裂heatchecking9.1.8金屬型鑄造機(jī)gravitydiecastingmachine9.2壓力鑄造9.2.1壓力鑄造（壓鑄）diecasting,pressurediecasting壓鑄型die-castingdie,die動(dòng)型movingdie,ejectordiehalf定型fixeddie,coverdiehalf合型力clampingforce,dielockingforce壓室pressurechamber鵝頸管gooseneck分流器spreader,spruespreader頂桿ejectorpin溢流槽overflowwell壓射沖頭（壓室）injectionpiston,plunger壓射比壓injectionpressure壓射速度injectionspeed保壓時(shí)間dwelltime真空壓鑄evacuateddiecasting,vacuumdiecasting充氧壓鑄pore-freediecasting雙沖頭壓鑄（精速密壓鑄）acurad（accurate?）diecasting壓鑄機(jī)diecastingmachine冷室壓鑄機(jī)coldchamberdiecastingmachine熱室壓鑄機(jī)hotchamberdiecastingmachine鑲鑄法insertprocess離心鑄造離心鑄造truecentrifugalcasting半離心鑄造semi-centrifugalcasting離心澆注centrifugalpressurecasting,centrifugecasting雙金屬離心鑄造bimetalcentrifugalcasting離心鑄造機(jī)centrifugalcastingmachine熔模鑄造失模鑄造lostpatterncasting熔模鑄造（失蠟鑄造）fusiblepatternmolding,lost-waxmolding壓制熔模fusiblepatterninjection壓型patterndie熔模fusiblepattern鹽模saltpattern蠟?zāi)ax-pattern模組patternassembly熔模涂料（漿料）slurry面層涂料investmentprecoat撒砂stuccoing脫蠟dewaxing熔燒sintering9.5殼型鑄造殼型鑄造shellmolding結(jié)殼時(shí)間investingtime結(jié)殼溫度investingtemperature硬化溫度curingtemperature硬化時(shí)間curingtime其它鑄造方法陶瓷型鑄造ceramicmolding陶瓷型漿料ceramicslurry灌漿pastepouring噴燒torchfiring低壓鑄造low-pressurediecasting充型壓力moldfillingpressure保壓壓力dwellpressure升液管stalk真空吸鑄suctioncasting差壓鑄造（反壓鑄造）counterpressurecasting實(shí)型鑄造fullmoldprocess,cavitylesscasting泡沫塑料模styrofoampattern磁型鑄造（磁丸鑄造）magneticshotmoldingprocess凝殼鑄造slushcasting石膏型鑄造plastermolding

連續(xù)鑄造continuouscasting鑄件質(zhì)量及鑄件缺陷10.1.110.1.210.1.310.1.410.1.510.1.610.1.110.1.210.1.310.1.410.1.510.1.610.1.710.1.8鑄件外觀質(zhì)量visualqualityofcasting鑄件內(nèi)在質(zhì)量internalqu