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Acoursewareonthebasicstructureofthefivema目錄CONTENTSSimplesensesCompoundpresenceComplexpresenceEllipsispresence01SimplesensesCHAPTERSummarywordssubject+predicateDetaileddescriptionThebasicstructureofasimplesentence,withonlyonepredicateverb,expressesthecompletemeaning.Subject+predictSummarywordssubject+predicate+objectDetaileddescriptionExpandthestructureofsimplesentencesbyaddingobjectelementstomakethesentencecontentmorecomplete.Subject+predict+objectsubject+predicate+linkingverb+predicateSummarywordsAnotherextendedstructureofsimplesentences,addinglinkingverbsandpredicate,tomakethesentencemoreexpressive.DetaileddescriptionSubject+predict+predict02CompoundpresenceCHAPTERAcompoundpresencecontainstwoormoreindependentclaimsthatareconnectedbyacoordinatingconnection(e.g.,"and,""but,""or")IndependentclaimsarecompletesensesthatcanstandaloneCoordinatingconnectionsareusedtocreatealogicalconnectionbetweentheclausesCompositionofcompoundsensesIndependentclaimsThesearecompletesensesthatcanstandaloneandexpressacompletethoughtTheseareincompletesensesthatcannotstandaloneandrequireanindependentclausetocompletethethoughtThesearedependentclausesthatmodifyanounorpronounandprovideadditionalinformationaboutitThesearedependentclausesthatmodifyaverb,objective,orotherverbandprovideadditionalinformationabouttheirfunctionormanagerDependentclausesObjectiveclausesAdvancedclausesClassificationofclaimsIndependentclaimscanbetranslatedasseparatesentencesinotherlanguagesObjectiveclausesshouldbetranslatedassuborderclausesthatmodifynounsorpronounsinotherlanguagesAdvancedclausesshouldbetranslatedassublimateclausesthatmodifyverbs,objections,orotheradvertisementsinotherlanguagesDependentclausesshouldbetranslatedascollateralclausesordependentclausesinotherlanguages,dependingonthestructureandgrammarofthetargetlanguageTranslationofclaims03ComplexpresenceCHAPTER

CompositionofcomplexsensesMainsentenceThecoreofacomplexsentence,expressingacompleteideaorconcept.ClauseAsasupplementormodificationtothemainsentence,providingmoredetailsorinformation.Conjunctionsusedtoconnectthemainclauseandthesubordinateclause,indicatingtherelationshipbetweenthetwo.03NestedcomplexsentencesAclausecontaininganotherclauseformsamulti-levelnestedstructure.01Parallelcomplexsentencescomposedoftwoormoreparallelclauses,usuallyconnectedbyparallelconjunctions.02Complexsentencescontainingamainclauseandoneormoresubordinateclauses,whichsupplementormodifythemainclause.ClassificationofcomplexsensesTranslationofcomplexsensesLiteraltranslation:Translateaccordingtothesentencestructureandwordorderoftheoriginaltext,tryingtomaintainthemeaningandstyleoftheoriginaltext.Freetranslation:notlimitedtothesentencestructureandwordorderoftheoriginaltext,withtheprimarygoalofconveyingthemeaningandspiritoftheoriginaltext.Translation:Splitcomplexsentencesintoseveralsimplesentencesfortranslation,makingthetranslationclearerandeasiertounderstand.Comprehensivetranslationmethod:flexiblyapplyliteraltranslation,freetranslation,andpartialtranslationmethodsaccordingtospecificsituationstoachievethebesttranslationeffect.04EllipsispresenceCHAPTERMissionofverbWhentheverbisclearfromthecontext,itcanbecommittedMissionofobjectWhentheobjectofthepresenceisclearfromthecontext,itcanbecommittedMissionofsubjectWhenthesubjectofthepresenceisclearfromthecontext,itcanbecommittedTheFormationofOmittedSentencesMissionofmainclauseThemainclauseofasensecanbecommitted,leavingbehindafragmentedsenseOmissionsofsublimateclauseThesublimateclauseofasentencecanbecommitted,leavingbehindafragmentedsentenceTypesofOmittedSentencesTranslatingcommittedintentionsrequiresagoodunderstandingofthecontextandtheabilitytoinferthemissinginfor

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