Unit2 Starting out - Using language 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研冊(cè)別單元：必修三Unit2

(Startingout—Usinglanguage)本單元詞匯梳理1.contributioncontribute(必修二U6)—contributioncontribute：con-(together一起)+tribute(貢品)熟詞生義：投稿詞塊：makea(great)contributionto2.reliefrelieve(v減輕)—relief詞塊：in/withrelief,toone’srelief3.shortageshort+-age詞塊：food/water/housingshortages,ashortageof4.internal詞塊：internalorgans/injuries,

internaldoubts5.effectiveeffect(n

效果)+-ive詞塊：takeeffectivemeasures/steps派生詞：effectively6.fund詞源義：基礎(chǔ)（基金的設(shè)立可以為某項(xiàng)事業(yè)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)）熟詞生義：“基金會(huì)”；名詞動(dòng)詞化：“為……提供資金”詞塊：raisefundsfor7.recyclere-(again再、重新)+cycle(v

循環(huán))→再循環(huán)→再利用派生詞：recycling8.fountain隱喻：噴泉→水源；源泉→來(lái)源9.earn基本義：掙得詞塊：earna/one’sliving,earnmoney10.donate構(gòu)詞：don(togive給)+-ate(動(dòng)詞后綴)→給予→捐贈(zèng)詞塊：donate…to…；詞族：donation,donate,donator11.foundation構(gòu)詞：found(=fund,底部、基礎(chǔ))+-ation，與fund同源詞族：found,founder,founding,foundation詞塊：laythefoundationsfor/of,setup/establishafoundation12.insightin+sight→眼睛看進(jìn)去、用心靈的眼睛去看→深入了解詞塊：giveaninsightinto13.realityreal+-ity詞塊：inreality詞族：real,really,reality,realise,unreal14.extendex-(out向外)+tend(stretch伸)→向外伸→伸出；伸開(kāi)一詞多義，基本義：伸出；伸開(kāi)15.mission詞塊：apeacekeeping/rescuemission,missionaccomplished16.diseasedis-(不；非；使相反)+ease(放松；舒服)→不舒服、生病→疾病辨析義：disease尤指?jìng)魅拘约膊』蛘呱眢w的某個(gè)部位得?。籭llness指重病或小病均可，也可指患病期間或精神上的疾病。17.disability構(gòu)詞：dis-+ability；熟詞生義：障礙詞塊：amental/physicaldisability,alearningdisability詞族：able,ability,disable,disabled,disability18.territoryterra-(land土地)+-ory(表示場(chǎng)所范圍)→領(lǐng)土；領(lǐng)地19.sensitive來(lái)自sense(感覺(jué))一詞多義：基本義“敏感的”詞塊：besensitiveto20.generousgener-(birth,produce產(chǎn)生)+-ous(形容詞后綴)→(不斷)產(chǎn)生→(物)豐富的→(人)慷慨的句式：it’sgenerousofsbtodosth,begeneroustosb/withsth派生詞：generosity,generously21.hesitate詞塊：(not)hesitatetodosth,hesitateabout/over派生詞：hesitation22.assistanceassist(v

幫助)+-ance詞族：assist,

assistance,assistant23.registrationregister(v

注冊(cè))→registration24.confirmationconfirm(v

確認(rèn)、證實(shí))→confirmationcontribute&contribution重難點(diǎn)詞精講一詞多義extend一詞多義搭配義earn一詞多義辨析義sensitivehesitate一詞多義foundation熟詞生義contributev

vt&vi貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；捐獻(xiàn)：Itwasgenerousofhertocontributesuchalargesumofmoney.contribute(sth)tosth:ImmigrantshavecontributedtoAmericancultureinmanyways.contribute(money)totheRedCross

vi

造成/促使（某事發(fā)生）tohelptomakesthhappen：Alcoholcontributesto100,000deathsayearintheUS.Stressisacontributingfactorinmanyillnesses.

vt&vi投（稿）；撰（稿）：Shecontributedanumberofarticlestothemagazine.溫故：必修二U6con-

(一起)+tribute(貢品)→contribute(一起把貢品獻(xiàn)給)→貢獻(xiàn)contributionn[C]

貢獻(xiàn)：IadmireEdisonalotbecausehemadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.2008湖南書(shū)面表達(dá)改

捐款；捐獻(xiàn)物：Imadeacontributionof$100to/towardthechurch.

稿件；作品：Thisisamagazinewithcontributionsfromwell-knowntravelwriters.?contributorn[C]捐款人；撰稿人；起作用的因素同結(jié)構(gòu)：waytosth,keytosth,solutiontosthcontribute語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖貢獻(xiàn)contribute(基本義)“貢獻(xiàn)”人力、物力、財(cái)力等為某事的發(fā)生做“貢獻(xiàn)”“貢獻(xiàn)”稿件等貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；捐獻(xiàn)造成/促使(某事發(fā)生)

投

(稿)；撰(稿)貢獻(xiàn)contribution捐款；捐獻(xiàn)物稿件；作品10donate和contributedonate√contribute√donate√contribute√donate√contribute×11donatevt&vi捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送：Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquake.2010江蘇donationn[C]&[U]捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)物；捐款：agenerous/large/smalldonation二者均可表示“捐獻(xiàn)”，其后均可接to。表示捐錢(qián)或衣物時(shí)，二者可互換使用。?Itismoremeaningfultodonate/contributebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.2013

江蘇改donate還有“獻(xiàn)血”之意。?Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood.2012北京contribute側(cè)重指“貢獻(xiàn)”，通常指貢獻(xiàn)財(cái)力、物力、智力等。此外，contribute還可表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思。?Ibelievethateachofuscancontributetothefutureoftheworld.?Honestyandhardworkcontributetosuccessandhappiness.?Thescientistoftencontributestoanacademicjournal.辨

donate,contribute辨donation,contributioncontribution

指人們?yōu)橹С帜硤F(tuán)體、某機(jī)構(gòu)而提供的物品，如為某學(xué)校、劇團(tuán)等所捐贈(zèng)的錢(qián)、物、設(shè)備等。?makeacontributon/donationtocharitydonation除了指為某團(tuán)體、某機(jī)構(gòu)而提供的物品外，還特指向窮苦人民、受災(zāi)群眾捐贈(zèng)的衣服、糧食或物品等。?Thisisadonationofmoneytothedisasterarea.earnearnpocketmoney賺零花錢(qián)topearners最賺錢(qián)的人earn

v

vt&vi賺得；掙得：earnascholarship

earnmoney/anincome/afortuneMygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.2018全國(guó)

vt

博得；贏得：Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.earna/one’sliving謀生：Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011遼寧?earningsn[C]［復(fù)數(shù)］薪水；工資?earnern[C]賺錢(qián)者基本義掙得美好事物看圖猜詞foundationfoundation

[C]&[U]基礎(chǔ)；基本原則；根據(jù)theidea,principle,orfactonwhichsthisbased：Thefoundationofeverystateisitseducationofitsyouth.“LiandalaidthefoundationforeveryachievementIhavemade,”YangZhenningrecalled.

[U]創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)辦(establishment)：thefoundationofthefirstuniversity

[C]［常用復(fù)數(shù)］地基；房基：Howlongwillittaketofinishdiggingthefoundations?

[C]基金會(huì)：Children’sFoundationofChina詞源：found(=fund,底部、基礎(chǔ))+-ation，與fund同源Theyear2021isarriving.FromChina’scapitalBeijing,IextendmyNewYearwishes

to

youall!2021年的腳步越來(lái)越近,我在北京向大家致以新年的美好祝福!extendThisroadextendstotheriver.TheirstayextendstotheNewYear.Thetravelersdecidedtoextendtheirvisittoseemoreaboutthebeautifulcountry.extend由前綴

ex-“向外”+詞根

tend“伸”構(gòu)成，即“向外伸”→“伸出”“伸開(kāi)”。extend詞源解讀extendv

vt

伸開(kāi)；展開(kāi)；伸出：Extendyourleft

hand.

vt&vi（使）延伸；（使）延長(zhǎng)：

vt&vi（使）擴(kuò)大；（使）擴(kuò)展：anextendedfamilyThecompanyextendeditsservicestoHongKong.

vt

[正式用語(yǔ)]提供；給予：Thechairmanextendedawarmwelcometotheguestspeaker.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.?extensionn[C]&[U]

延伸；擴(kuò)大；延長(zhǎng)期：avisaextensionThewirehasanextensionof

50feet.Theextensionofthegardenwilltakeseveralweeks.ThepubhadanextensiononChristmasEve.

擴(kuò)建部分：Thecityisbuildinganextensiontothesubwayline.

電話分機(jī)；分機(jī)號(hào)碼：Extension326,please!beextension[正式用語(yǔ)]再則

extend語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖

伸開(kāi)/伸出

extend（基本義）使身體部位伸開(kāi)/伸出使距離或時(shí)間伸開(kāi)/伸出使業(yè)務(wù)或影響伸開(kāi)/伸出

伸開(kāi)；展開(kāi)伸出

（使）延伸；（使）延長(zhǎng)

（使）擴(kuò)大；（使）擴(kuò)展使行動(dòng)、情感等伸開(kāi)/伸出至某人處

提供；給予sensitive玻璃心是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語(yǔ)，意指自己的心像玻璃一樣易碎，用來(lái)形容敏感脆弱的心理狀態(tài)，經(jīng)不起批評(píng)指責(zé)或者嘲諷。人并非生來(lái)就強(qiáng)大，每個(gè)人都有著脆弱敏感的一面，而我們要做的，就是在漫漫人生旅途中，不斷強(qiáng)化自己，將自己的“玻璃心”打磨成“鉆石心”。sensitive詞源解讀

善解人意的；體恤的：Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople’sfeelings.

（感情）敏感的；易生氣的：averysensitivechildSheisverysensitivetocriticism.

（對(duì)光、溫度等）敏感的；過(guò)敏的；易受影響的：Myteethareverysensitive

tocoldfood.

（話題、形勢(shì)等）敏感的：ahighlysensitivetopicsensitive

adj.表示對(duì)食物“過(guò)敏的”還有單詞allergic，它們之間的差別在于allergic涉及到了身體的免疫系統(tǒng)。sensitive來(lái)自sense“感覺(jué)”，可以解釋為“感覺(jué)敏銳的”，基本義為“敏感的”。敏感的sensitive（基本義）對(duì)別人的感受敏感自己的感覺(jué)很敏感身體對(duì)外界敏感話題等令人敏感sensitive語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖

善解人意的；體恤的

（感情）敏感的；易生氣的

（對(duì)光、溫度等）敏感的;過(guò)敏的;易受影響的

（話題、形勢(shì)等）敏感的hesitateBetweengeniusanddiligence,Idonothesitatetochoosediligence.

Sheisalmostalltheachievementsintheworld. —Einstein在天才和勤奮兩者之間，我毫不遲疑地選擇勤奮。她是幾乎世界上一切成就的催產(chǎn)婆。

——愛(ài)因斯坦阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦（AlbertEinstein），出生于德國(guó)，畢業(yè)于蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院，猶太裔物理學(xué)家。后移居美國(guó)。主要成就有提出光量子假說(shuō)（LightQuantumHypothesis），解決光電效應(yīng)（photoelectriceffect）問(wèn)題，創(chuàng)立狹義相對(duì)論（SpecialRelativity）、廣義相對(duì)論（GeneralRelativity）等。hesitatevi

躊躇；猶豫；顧慮：

Hehesitatedbeforehereplied.①hesitatetodosth：Ihesitatetotellyouthetruth.Don’thesitatetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.2017全國(guó)書(shū)面表達(dá)②

hesitateabout/over：Shehesitatedabout/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.?hesitationn[U]&[C]

躊躇；猶豫：Iacceptthejobwithouthesitation.2011廣東本單元金句匯總1.IadmireEdisonalotbecausehemadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.2008湖南書(shū)面表達(dá)改2.Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011遼寧3.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.4.Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople’sfeelings.5.Don’thesitatetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.2017全國(guó)書(shū)面表達(dá)6.Iacceptthejobwithouthesitation.2011廣東隨堂檢測(cè)一、選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。1.All____________________（捐款）willbegratefullyreceived.2.All________________（稿件）fortheMayissuemustbereceivedbyFriday.3.Hetookpridein_________________________________totheworld.（2014廣東）4.Manypeoplehave____________thattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneedsmore.（2012北京）5.Theladyhas__________________aconsiderableamountofsavingstohelpcollegestudentsstrugglingwithfinancialdifficulties.（2014廣東）二、將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.他給那所學(xué)校捐了一萬(wàn)美元。(contribution)_______________________________________________________________2.他對(duì)項(xiàng)目的成功做出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)。(contribution)____________________________________________________________contribute&contribution&donate&donationHemadeacontributionof10,000dollarsto/toward(s)theschool.Hemadeagreatcontributiontothesuccessoftheproject.contributions/donationscontributionshavingcontributed/hiscontributiondonateddonated/contributedcontribute,contribution,donate,donation根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子。1.Ithastakenyearsto___________________（贏得他們的信任）.2.Asateacher,shehad_____________________________（贏得了她學(xué)生的尊敬）.3.Iwishwecouldhelphimto___________________（掙錢(qián)）.Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.（2020山東改）4.Althoughthesebookswillnothelpyouto___________________（謀生）,theywillhelpyoutolivemorefully.earntheirtrustearnedtherespectofherstudentsearnmoneyearnearnyour/aliving根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出foundation的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.（2016江蘇）

__________2.StartinglearningEnglishfromchildhoodwillhelpstudentslayasolidfoundationfortheirfutureEnglishlearning. ___________3.Jackscrews（螺旋千斤頂）areusedtoseparatethelarge,heavystructuresfromtheirfoundations.（2015湖南改）

___________4.SincethefoundationofNewChina,thedevelopmentoftheChinesenationhasenteredanewera. ___________

foundation地基成立基金會(huì)基礎(chǔ)extend一、翻譯下列短語(yǔ)。1.擴(kuò)建房子

___________________2.延長(zhǎng)最后期限__________________3.向某人伸出友誼之手__________________4.向……致以熱烈的問(wèn)候___________________二、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Weshalldowhateverwecantoextendourservice.______________2.Carefulusecanextendthelifeofyourwashingmachine.______________3.Althoughthemarathonisaphysicaltest,thelessonslearnedextendfarbeyondthebody. ______________extendthehouseextendthedeadlineextendthehandoffriendshiptosb擴(kuò)展延長(zhǎng)壽命延伸extendawarmgreetingto一、翻譯下列短語(yǔ)。1.敏感皮膚___________________2.對(duì)光線敏感__________________3.政治敏感問(wèn)題__________________二、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋