《簡·愛》翻譯策略分析

AnAnalysisoftheTranslationStrategyofJaneEyrefromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheory:TakingZhuQingying'sVersionasanExampleIntroduction1.1IntroductionontheTranslatedVersionofJaneEyreJaneEyrehasbeenwidelywelcomedsinceitspublication,andtheChinesetranslationofJaneEyrehasalsoreceivedwarmattention.AllkindsofChineseversionshaveappearedoneafteranother,whicharegenerallyexcellent.Atpresent,themostinfluentialChineseversionsofJaneEyreareZhuQingying,LiJiyeandHuangYuanshen.LiJiyewasbornatthebeginningoflastcentury.UndertheinfluenceofLuXun,hewasengagedinthetranslationanddisseminationofforeignliterature,andJaneEyre,whichhasalwaysbeenpopular,naturallybecamethetargetoftranslation.ForthetranslationofJaneEyre,Mr.LiJiyeisfaithfultotheoriginalandmainlyusesliteraltranslationmethodtotranslatetheoriginal.Underthepremiseofaccuracy,hecanreproducetheoriginalwithconciselanguage.Thetranslationeffectisofcertainsignificance.However,duetothedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncultures,somelanguagesareverydifficulttotranslate.Eveniftheyaretranslated,itisalsoverydifficultforpeoplewhoreadChinesetounderstand.However,Mr.LiJiye'stranslationisgenerallyfluentandconcise.Mr.LiJiye'stranslationisthefirstrelativelycompleteoneinChinaatthattime,whichplaysanimportantroleintheChinesetranslationofJaneEyre.Mr.HuangYuanshen'stranslationislaterthanMr.LiJiye's.DifferentfromMr.LiJiye,Mr.HuangYuanshenmainlyusesfreetranslationtotranslatetheoriginalworks.Mr.HuangYuanshen'stranslationisgracefulandfluent,andhasauniqueviewontheoverallmeaningoftheoriginaltext.Ifweusepaintingtheorytoevaluate,LiJiye'sversionissimilarinform,whileHuangYuanshen'sversionissimilarinspirit.However,toacertainextent,freetranslationfailstomakereadersfullyfeelthecharacteristicsoftheoriginalwork.Butitisundeniablethattheyallhaveuniqueopinions,whichplayanimportantroleinthespreadofJaneEyre.ZhuQingying'stranslationofJaneEyreismorefaithfultotheoriginalandmeetstherequirementsofliterarytranslation.Inadditiontoconveyingtheoriginalaccident,thetranslationalsoconveysthevariousemotionsofthecharactersintheoriginal.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofdifferentcharacters,eventhechoiceofwordsinthedialogueisdifferent.ZhuQingying'stranslationgenerallyadoptsthemethodofforeignization,whichplaysanimportantroleintheintegrityofthearticle.Atthesametime,thecharacterizationisalsoveryvividandprofound.Onthepremiseoffaithfulnessandcoherence,theeffectoftranslationisremarkable.1.2SurveyonZhuQingying'sVersionofJaneEyreZhuQingying(1930-1997)isanoutstandingcontemporaryfemaletranslatorproficientinEnglishandSpanish.Heonceservedaseditorofpingmingpublishinghouse,newWenyipublishinghouseandWenyipublishinghouse.Shedevotedherlifetotranslation.HermaintranslationsincludeJaneEyre,DombeyandhersonandthebiographyofCharlotteBronte.ZhuQingyingtranslatedJaneEyreintoChineseinthelate1970sandpublisheditbyShanghaiTranslationPressin1980.Thiseditionhaspublishedmorethan300000copies,whichisthemostpopularChineseeditionofJaneEyre.Asafemaletranslator,sheactivelyparticipatesinthestudyoftranslation,correctlycallsandconveysthespiritoftheoriginaltext,sothatmorereaderscanunderstandandfeeltheinfluenceofJaneEyre.IntermsofTranslation:ZhuQingying'stranslationadoptsmoreconventionalandappropriateexpressions,whichcanfullyreproducetheoriginalmeaning,notsticktotheoriginalform,conveytheoriginaltext,excavatethemeaningbetweenlinesintheoriginaltext,andreflectthepragmaticaccuracyofthetranslationismoreimportantthantheaccuracyofreference.Asatranslator,ZhuQingyingconveystheaestheticfunctionoftheoriginaltextbyaddingrhetoricaldevicestomakethetranslationmorefluent.Translationisnotasimplelanguageconversion,butthecreationoflanguage.Translatorsneedtohavestrongaestheticabilityandexpressionability,andmastercorrespondingexpressionskillsandrhetoricalskills.Onlyinthiswaycantheyaccuratelyunderstandtheauthor'sintentionoftheoriginaltext,expressitintheirownlanguage,reproducetheaestheticfeaturesandliterarinessoftheoriginaltext,andmakethetargetreadersexperiencethesameaestheticfeelingasthesourcereaders,andhavethesameresonancewiththebeauty.Zhu'stranslationjustreflectsthese.Theinfluenceofforeignizationonthetranslationisveryobvious.Itfollowsthecoherenceandisfaithfultotheoriginaltext,whichmakesthetranslationmorecoherentandfluent.Italsoenablesthereaderstobetterunderstandthemeaningoftheoriginalwork,thesocialbackgroundoftheoriginalperiodandthespiritconveyedbythework.ThetranslationmethodsandstrategiesinZhuQingying'sChinesetranslationareofgreatsignificanceforfuturetranslationstudies.2.LiteratureReview2.1ASurveyofStudiesontheChineseVersionofJaneEyreFormorethan100years,JaneEyrehasattractedmillionsofreadersandbecomethemostpopularlovestoryintheworld.ThisgreatworkisalsooneofthefavoritesofChinesereadersJaneEyrewasnamed"theideallibraryforChinesereaders"in1999.In1935,theChineseversionofJaneEyrewaspublished,aboutacenturylaterthantheoriginalversioninBritain.Afterthisversion,thenovelhasbeentranslatedrepeatedly.Therearemanytranslationsfromthefeministperspective.Sofar,ithasbeentranslatedmorethan40timesbydifferenttranslators(includingcompilationandabridgement).SincethepublicationoftheChineseversionofJaneEyre,Chinesemainlandhasmorethan40translations(incompletestatistics).Amongthese40translations,thereare23fulltranslationsand19abridgedandfreetranslations.Onlytwoofthemwerepublishedinthe1920sor1930s,andtheotherversionswerepublishedinthe1980s.ThefollowingisJaneEyre'sChinesetranslation.ZhaiLi(1997)mainlytalksaboutthelinguisticfeaturesofJaneEyre'stranslation.PanHong(2002)discussedtheaestheticfeaturesofHuangYuanshen'sversionofJaneEyre.XiongZhichao(1994)thinksthatthedominantspiritofJaneEyreisdependent,notrebellious.WangKun(2009)comparesLiJiye'sandZhuQingying'sversionsofJaneEyreintermsofcontentandstyle,anddiscussestheapplicationoftranslationtheoryinliterarytranslationpractice.Basedontheruleof"truthfulness,expressivenessandelegance",thispaperreviewsZhuQing'sEnglishtranslationandHuangYuanshen'stranslationnotonlyfromtheperspectiveofwords,sentencesandparagraphs,butalsofromtheperspectiveofoverallstyle.TangLing(2007)comparesthetranslationsofJaneEyrebyZhuQingyingandHuangYuanshenfromtheperspectiveoftranslationmethodsandstyles.HerconclusionisthatZhuRongjipaysmoreattentiontoliteraltranslation,whileHuangpaysmoreattentiontofreetranslation.ZhengXueqing(2001)comparesLiJiye'sandZhuQingying'sversionsofvocabularyintermsofconnotationandcontextfromahistoricalperspective.ZhangYanming(2004)usesinformationtheorytoexplainthereasonsfortheadditionanddeletionofwordsintranslation.BycomparingthetranslationsofJaneEyrebyZhuQingyingandHuangYuanshen,thispaperdemonstratestheapplicationofredundantinformationtheorytotheproblemofaddinganddeletingwordsintranslation.ZhangYanming(2009)makesacontextualanalysisofthetwoversionsofJaneEyre(ZhuQingying'sandHuangYuanshen's)tomakereadersbelievetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthetwoversions,andconcludesthatonlywhenthetranslatoridentifieshimselfinthecontextcanheexpresstheessenceofthework.LiuYong(2008)pointedoutin"femaleidentityinTranslation:acomparativestudyofJaneEyre'sChineseversions"thatmodernfemaletranslatoroftenexpresstheirgenderviewsbyintroducingfeminismintotranslation,soastoimprovewomen'ssocialstatus,changewomen'straditionalimage,andrealizeself-awarenessandidentity.TherearemanypaperscomparingtheChineseversionsofJaneEyrefromotherperspectives,suchasNingMei(2003)fromtheperspectiveofcommunicativerhetoric,SuLiuhua(2004)fromtheperspectiveoftranslationsemiotics,ZhaoYingying(2006)fromtheperspectiveofsemanticequivalenceandstylisticequivalence.YangYan(2010)fromtheperspectiveoffeministtranslation.OuyangFu'sthesismakesacomparativestudyoftwoChineseversionsofJaneEyrefromtheperspectiveofdomesticationandForeignization--BasedontheFunctionalistSkopostheory,itliststheappropriateandinappropriateuseofdomesticationandForeignizationStrategiesinShenXingqingandZhangWeijun'stranslationsofJaneEyre(2009)2.2ASurveyofResearchonJaneEyreAbroadAsforforeignstudies,JaneEyrewasfirstpublishedinLondoninOctober1847.Afteritspublication,thenovelimmediatelycausedasensationinBritainandsoldoutinthreemonths.However,atthesametime,thedebateonthethemeofthenovelisinfullswing.ManypeoplethinkthatJaneEyreisthemostinfluentialromanticnovelinBritainformanyyears.Somepeoplethinkthatthelanguageofthenovelistoovulgaranddirect.Firstofall,thefeministmovementinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesappearedinthe1960s,whichwasunprecedentedinthe1970s.Feministscallforequalityofpowerbetweenmenandwomen.Secondly,afterthe1950s,themainstreamideologyembodiedinthethoughtofclassstruggleleftadeepmarkontheliterarycriticismatthattime-classstruggleiseverywhere.Insuchabackground,literarycriticsathomeandabroadhaveaffirmedthecriticalrealismelementsinJaneEyre.Finally,CharlotteBronte'suniquefemalenarrativestylemakesthenovelexciting,whichhasbecomeoneofthefocusesofliterarycriticsathomeandabroad.Manyforeigncriticshavefurtheraffirmedthenovelfromtheaspectsofitsstructure,plotandsymbolism,whichhaslaidafoundationforitspopularityathomeandabroad.Nord(1997)thinksthatthefunctionalismofVermeercangenerallymeettherequirementsofpragmaticmodel,culturalorientedmode,consistentmode,comprehensivemode,anti-universalismmodel,practicemodeandexpertmodel.Thetheoryshowsthattranslationisanactofhumaninteraction,Besides,italsoemphasizesthatthemainfactorsthatconstitutethepurposeofcommunicationactivitiesarereceiversorlistenerswithdifferentcommunicationneeds.Atthesametime,Skoposisalsoapplicableinthesourcelanguagetextandthetargetlanguagebook.Vermeer(2009)histeleologicaltheoryholdsthatanykindofbehaviorispurposefulandtranslationisnoexception,becausetranslationitselfisacommunicativeact,andanytranslationbehaviorwiththiskindoftranslationwillhaveitsownpurpose.Thepurposetheoryemphasizesthattranslationshouldbeguidedbythepurposeoftranslation,andthetranslationmethodsandstrategieswillberestrictedbythepurposeoftranslation.MengYingying(2011)Inthe1970s,experiencedacross-disciplinaryculturalturn.Therearemanyperspectivesontranslationresearch.Thefeministperspective,namelygenderperspective,isoneofthemostprominentresearchperspectives.Sofar,feministtranslationtheoryhasemerged.ZhangYanming(2009)makesacontextualanalysisofthetwoversionsofJaneEyre(ZhuQingyingandHuangYuanshen),whichmakesreadersbelieveintheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthetwoversions,andconcludesthatonlywhenthetranslatoragreeswithhimselfinthecontextcantheessenceoftheworkbeexpressed.Throughacomparativeanalysisoftheresearchathomeandabroad,itisfoundthatuptonow,thecomparativeanalysisofJaneEyre'stranslationfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheoryisrelativelynovel.TheanalysisofJaneEyrebyOuyangFufromtheperspectiveofSkopostheorymainlyfocusesonthewholenovel,andmakesageneralanalysisoftheapplicationofdomesticationandforeignization.However,ZhuQingying'stranslationstudiesofJaneEyremainlyfocusonthesimpleanalysisofthewords,sentences,paragraphs,styleanddominantspiritofJaneEyre.ThiskindofanalysishasneverbeencarriedoutfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheory,soitisnecessarytostudyitandtrytoexploremoremeaningfultranslationmethods.3.SkoposTheory3.1TheOriginandDevelopmentofSkoposTheorySkopostheoryisatheorythatappliesSkoposconcepttotranslation.Itscoreconceptisthatthemostimportantfactorintheprocessoftranslationisthepurposeofthewholetranslationbehavior.IntheframeworkofVermeer'sskopostheory,oneofthemostimportantfactorsdeterminingthepurposeoftranslationisthetargetaudience,whohastheirownculturalbackground,expectationsofthetargettextandcommunicativeneeds.Eachkindoftranslationreferstoacertainaudience,sotranslationis"atextproducedforacertainpurposeandtargetaudienceinthetargetlanguagesituation".Vermeerbelievesthattheoriginaltextisonlyasourceofsomeorallinformationforthetargetaudience.ItcanbeseenthatthestatusoftheoriginaltextinSkopostheoryisobviouslylowerthanthatinequivalencetheory.ThedevelopmentofSkopostheorycanbedividedintofourstages:Inthefirststage,Katherinericeintroducedthefunctionalcategoryintotranslationcriticismforthefirsttime.Sheconnectedlanguagefunction,texttypeandtranslationstrategy,anddevelopedatranslationcriticismmodelbasedonthefunctionalrelationshipbetweensourcetextandtargettext,thusputtingforwardtherudimentoffunctionalisttheory.Ricebelievesthattheidealtranslationshouldbecomprehensivecommunicativetranslation,whichisequivalenttotheoriginalintermsofconceptualcontent,languageformandcommunicativefunction.However,inpractice,priorityshouldbegiventothefunctionalfeaturesofthetranslation.Thesecondstage:HansVermeerputsforwardSkopostheory,whichfreestranslationstudiesfromtheshacklesofsourcetextcentrism.Accordingtothistheory,translationisapurposefulandproductiveactbasedontheoriginaltext,whichmustbecompletedthroughnegotiation.Translationmustfollowaseriesofrules,amongwhichtheSkoposruleisthefirst.Inotherwords,translationdependsonthepurposeoftranslation.Inaddition,translationshouldfollowtherulesofintralingualcoherenceandinterlingualcoherence.Theformerreferstotheinternalcoherenceofthetranslation,whichisunderstandabletotherecipientofthetranslation,whilethelatterreferstothecoherencebetweenthetranslationandtheoriginaltext.Afterthethreerulesareputforward,thecriterionforjudgingtranslationisnolonger"equivalence",buttheadequacyofthetranslationtoachievetheexpectedgoal.VermeeralsoputforwardtheconceptoftranslationCommission,thatis,itisuptothetranslatortodecidewhether,whenandhowtocompletethetranslationtask.Inotherwords,translatorsshouldadoptcorrespondingtranslationstrategiesaccordingtodifferenttranslationpurposes,andhavetherighttodecidewhichcontentsoftheoriginaltextcanberetainedandwhichneedtobeadjustedormodifiedaccordingtothetranslationpurposes.AccordingtoVermeer,thehighestruleintranslationshouldbe"Skoposrule".Inotherwords,differenttranslationpurposesleadtodifferenttranslationstrategiesandmethods.Inotherwords,thepurposeoftranslationdeterminesthestrategiesandmethodsoftranslation.SkopostheorieshasmadeagoodexplanationforthedisputeofdomesticationandforeignizationinthehistoryoftranslationbetweenChinaandthewest,aswellastheformalequivalenceanddynamicequivalencethathavebeenwidelydiscussedinthetranslationcircleinthepasttwoorthreedecades.Whetherdomesticationorforeignizationisadoptedintranslationdependsonthepurposeoftranslation.Sincefunctionalisttranslationtheorytakes"Skoposrule"asthehighestcriterion,andanytranslationactivityispurposeful,theultimategoalandmainfunctionoffilmtitletranslationistohelppeopleunderstandthemaincontentofthefilmandstimulatetheaudience'sdesiretowatch.Therefore,weneedtounderstandfunctionalisttranslationtheory,especiallySkopostheory.Thethirdstage:Basedonthetheoryofcommunicationandbehavior,JastaHotzmantariputsforwardthetranslationbehaviortheoryandfurtherdevelopsthefunctionalisttranslationtheory,whichregardstranslationastheinteractionbetweenpeopledrivenbypurposeandguidedbytranslationresults.Thistheoryandteleologyhavealotincommon,andVermeerlaterfusedthem.Thefourthstage:ChristinaNordcomprehensivelysummarizesandimprovesthefunctionalisttheory.ChristinaNordforthefirsttimesystematicallyexpoundsinEnglishtheinternalandexternalfactorsthatneedtobeconsideredintextanalysisintranslation,andhowtoformulatetranslationstrategiessuitableforthepurposeoftranslationonthebasisofthefunctionoftheoriginaltext.ChristinaNordcombsthefunctionalisttheoriesandproposesthattranslatorsshouldfollowtheguidingruleof"functionplusloyalty",thusperfectingthetheory.3.2TheMainRulesofSkoposTheoriesSkopostheoryholdsthattranslationisnotonlyatextconversionbasedontheoriginaltext,butalsoacomplexcross-culturalandcrosslanguageinformationexchangeactivity.Themessageitconveysisforpeopletobetterunderstandanddeveloptheworks.Thechoiceoftranslationmethodisveryimportant,whichaffectstheeffectivenessoftranslationandtheaccuracyofinformationtransmission.Skopostranslationmustfollowthefollowingthreerules:Skoposrule,coherenceruleandfaithfulnessrule.ThesethreerulesconstitutethebasicrulesofSkopostheory,butcoherenceruleandfaithfulnessrulemustbesubordinatedtoskoposrule,whichistheprimaryruleofSkopostheory.3.2.1SkopsRuleAccordingtoSkopostheory,theprimaryruleofalltranslationactivitiesis"SkoposRule",thatis,translationshouldbeabletoworkinthetargetlanguagesituationandcultureinthewayexpectedbythetargetlanguagerecipient.Thepurposeoftranslationbehaviordeterminesthewholeprocessoftranslationbehavior,thatis,theresultdeterminesthemethod.However,translationactivitiescanhavemultiplepurposes,whichcanbefurtherdividedintothreecategories:(1)thebasicpurposeofthetranslator(suchasmakingaliving).(2)Thecommunicativepurposeofthetranslation(forexample,toenlightenthereaders).(3)Thepurposeofusingaspecialtranslationmethod(suchasliteraltranslationaccordingtothegrammaticalstructureinordertoexplaintheparticularityofacertainlanguage).However,generallyspeaking,"purpose"referstothecommunicativepurposeofthetranslation,thatis,"thecommunicativefunctionofthetranslationtothetargetreadersinthesocio-culturalcontextofthetargetlanguage"(Venuti:2001)Therefore,thetranslatorshouldmakeclearhisspecificpurposeinthegiventranslationcontext,andaccordingtothispurpose,decidewhichtranslationmethodtoadopt-literaltranslation,freetranslationorbetween.3.2.2CoherenceRuleCoherencerulereferstothatthetranslationmustconformtothestandardofintratextualcoherence,thatis,thetranslationisreadableandacceptable,whichcanmaketherecipientunderstandandhavemeaninginthetargetcultureandthecommunicativecontextofusingthetranslation.3.2.3FidelityRuleFidelityrulemeansthatthereshouldbeintertextualcoherencebetweenthesourcetextandthetargettext.Thisisequivalenttotheso-calledfaithfulnesstotheoriginalinothertranslationtheories,butthedegreeandformoffaithfulnesstotheoriginaldependonthepurposeofthetranslationandthetranslator'sunderstandingoftheoriginal.Intheprocessoftranslation,weneedtofollowtheabovethreerules,especiallytheSkoposrule.Atthesametime,wecan’tignoretherulesofcoherenceandfaithfulness.Takeskopostheoryasaguideforeffectivetranslation.4.TranslationStrategies4.1ForeignizationForeignizingreferstotheacceptanceoflanguageandculturaldifferencesinforeignlanguagetextsunderthepressureofdeviationismofculturalvalues,whichleadsreaderstoforeignsituations.Thecoreofforeignizationtranslationmethodistotrytointerpretthe"heterogeneousfactors"oftheoriginaltext.Specifically,itistotrytoconveytheforeignculturalcharacteristics,foreignlanguageformsandtheauthor'sunusualwritingtechniquesoftheoriginaltext.Whentranslating,trytorestoretheworkasmuchaspossible,combinethebackgroundcharacteristicsoftheoriginalwork,languageandculturalhabits,andpresentamoreoriginaltranslationforreaders.Foreignizationtranslationmethodistoreflectandrestorethe"foreigncolor"intheoriginalworksasfaraspossible.Intermsoftranslationfeatures,weshouldtryourbesttoadopttheexpressionsthatconformtotheforeignlanguageexpressionhabits,andstrivetoexpressthecharacteristicsofthesourcelanguageandthecontentoftheoriginalwork.Whentranslatorswanttohighlightnationaldifferences,differentnationalcharacteristicsanddifferentlanguagestylesasmuchaspossible,theywillconsiderusingforeignizationstrategy.Becauseusingthismethodoftranslationcannotonlyexpressthecontentoftheoriginalworkclearly,butalsobringnewanddistinctivetranslation,sothattranslationcanbeimprovedanddeveloped.Usingforeignizationtranslationmethodcanalsomakereadersfeelthewritingstyleandcharacteristicsoftheoriginalauthor,andletreadersappreciatetheelegantdemeanorofforeignauthors.However,somescholarsbelievethatdomesticationtranslationmethodcan’tconveytheforeignculturalcharacteristicsanddifferentethniccharacteristicsoftheoriginaltext.Thismayleadtomisunderstandingoftheoriginaltext.Atthesametime,domesticationlimitstheenrichmentoftranslationlanguage.Iftranslatorsalwaysadoptdomesticationtranslationmethod,theywillbecomplacent.Itisdifficultforforeignculturetoenterthecountry,anditisnotconducivetotheculturalexchangebetweenthetwocountries.However,whenusingforeignizationtranslationmethod,weshouldpayattentiontosomematters.Whenusingforeignizationintranslation,thetranslatorshouldstillpayattentiontothesmoothnessandfluencyofthetranslation,soasnottomakeitdifficultforthereaderstounderstand.Whenthetranslatorwantstointroduceanewtranslation,heshouldpaymoreattentiontothefluencyandacceptabilityofthetranslation.Itisinconceivablethathecan'ttranslate,andheshouldtranslateproperly,whichputsforwardhigherrequirementsforthetranslator.Comparativelyspeaking,foreignizationismoresuitableforEnglishChinesetranslation.Atpresent,itisdevelopingrapidlyandiscommittedtointernationalization,sothelevelofculturalacceptanceofEnglishisconstantlyimproving,andtherearealargenumberofgroupswhocanunderstandandacceptforeignculture.TheuseofforeignizationinEnglishChinesetranslationcanintroducemanynewexpressions.Forexample,"allroadsleadtoRome"wasoriginallyaforeignsaying,butnowithasbeenwellknownbythedomesticpublic.Thisistheresultofforeignizationtranslation.However,foreignizationshouldnotbewidelyusedinC-Etranslation.Exceptforforeignerswhohaveaspecialknowledgeoflanguageandculture,thegeneralforeignreaders'understandingoflanguageandcultureisnotveryhigh.Atthistime,ifwedonotconsidertheactuallevelandabilityofforeignreadersandonlyfocusonpromotingculture,wemaygethalftheresultwithtwicetheeffort.4.2FreeTranslationTheso-calledEnglishChinesetranslationmethodistoanalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesebycomparingthecharacteristicsofthetwolanguages,crossthebarriersbetweenthetwolanguagesandcultures,andexpoundthegeneralrulesofexpressingtheoriginalwhilebeingfaithfultotheoriginal.Duetothesimilarityofpeople'sfeelings,feelingsforobjectivethingsandsocialexperience,therearesomeidenticalorsimilarexpressionsinEnglishandChinese.Theliteralmeaning,imagemeaningandimpliedmeaningoftheseexpressionsarethesame.Inotherwords,theliteralmeaningandimagemeaningoftheseexpressionsconveythesameculturalinformation,andtheycantransformeachother.Freetranslationstartsfrommeaning.Itonlyneedstoexpressthemainideaoftheoriginaltextwithoutpayingtoomuchattentiontodetails,butitrequiresthetranslationtobenaturalandfluent.Duetotheinfluenceofculturalfactors,itisimpossibletoretaintheliteralmeaningandimagemeaningofthesourcelanguageintranslation.Theimageintheoriginaltextcanbereplacedbyanotherimagefamiliartothetargetreaders,soastoconveythepragmaticpurposeoftheoriginaltextandtheimpliedmeaningoftranslation.Thedevelopmenthistory,nationalcultureandcustomsofEnglishandChinesearedifferent,formingtheirownuniquelanguageandexpression.Therefore,translationmusthaveabasicunderstandingoftheculturalbasisofthetwolanguages,ratherthanwordforwordtranslation.Everylanguagehasthehabitofexpression,meaning.Onthepremiseofadeepunderstandingofthespiritualessenceoftheoriginal,weshouldnotsticktothewrittenformoftheoriginalandcreativelyexpresstheideasoftheoriginal,butshouldnotaddtoitandchangethestyleoftheoriginal.Freetranslationhasthefollowingadvantages:First,it'seasytounderstand.Sometransliteratedwordsmakereaderspuzzled,suchasultimatum.What's"book"?Readershavetogothroughthenotestounderstand.However,hisfreetranslationof"ultimatum"isclearataglance.InZhuZiqing'sprosemoonlightinthelotuspond,violintranslatesitas“梵婀琳”,andnowitistranslatedas"Violin".Homophonictranslationisultimatelyinordertob