Unit3DiverseCulturesPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures-（學(xué)案）（原卷版）-高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)與練（人教）

Book3Unit3DiverseCulturesPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)省略前提:主謂賓,定狀表,如有重復(fù)可刪掉。省略原則:詞語(yǔ)省略后,不致令人費(fèi)解。002課堂探究在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了，重點(diǎn)突出或上下文緊密相連，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變，這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象叫省略。比較常用的省略句有以下幾種：一．簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1.省略主語(yǔ)祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略;其他省略主語(yǔ)的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法①ein,please.②Seeyoutomorrow.③Thankyouforyourhelp.④Begyourpardon.①(You)ein,please.②(I)Seeyoutomorrow.③(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.④(I)Begyourpardon.2.省略謂語(yǔ)部分①Soundsagoodidea.②Haveasmoke?③Somethingtodrink?④Thisway,please.①(It)Soundsagoodidea.②(Willyou)Haveasmoke?③(Wouldyoulike)Somethingtodrink?④(Youe)Thisway,please.3.省略賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)上、下或前后兩個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),下句或后句常省略賓語(yǔ)。1).可以省略賓語(yǔ)的全部①DoyouknowMissHu?Idon'tknow(her).②Tomenjoysdancing,butPeterhates(dancing).2).可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式,只保留to,但如果該賓語(yǔ)是由動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成的不定式或不定式的完成形式,則須在to后加上be或have。①Don'ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyoutotouch.②Areyouateacher?No,butIwanttobeateacher.③Hehasn'tfinishedthetask.Well,heoughttohavefinishedit.4.省略表語(yǔ)答語(yǔ)或下文中與上文結(jié)構(gòu)相似的表語(yǔ)可省略。①Areyouthirsty?Yes,Iam(thirsty).②Hisbrotherisn'tlazy.Norishissister(lazy).感嘆句的省略在what和how引起的感嘆句中,常省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。Whatabeautifulcity(itis)!(這是)多么美麗的城市呀！

二、并列句中的省略兩個(gè)并列分句中,后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。1.若主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)相同,省略共同的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。①M(fèi)ikesaidthathewouldetoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't(etoschooltoseemethenextday).②Lin'sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).2.若主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相同,則省略后面的主謂成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.3.若主語(yǔ)不同,而謂語(yǔ)部分的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同,則省略后面的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarymusthavedoingherhomework.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarydoingherhomework.4.若主語(yǔ)不同,但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同,則省略后面的主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分。Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1987.主從復(fù)合句中的省略1）省略主句常見(jiàn)于句首或回答問(wèn)題時(shí),只用從句。Whydidn’tyouetoclassyesterday?(Ididn’tetoclassyesterday)BecauseIwasill.2）狀語(yǔ)從句的省略1．在時(shí)間，條件，方式，比較，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)為it且從句中有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be部分。While

(Iwas)

walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.當(dāng)我正沿街而行時(shí),

我聽(tīng)到有人叫我的名字。Though

(they

were)

tired,theywentonworking.雖然累了,

但他們繼續(xù)工作。Youshouldn’tetohispartyunless

(youare)

invited.除非你被邀請(qǐng),

否則你不應(yīng)該來(lái)參加他的晚會(huì)。If

(itis)

possible,I’llgoouting.

如果可能的話,我將去郊游.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan

(itwas)expected.

這個(gè)展覽比預(yù)料的還有趣。Theworkersjustcarriedouttheorderas

(theywere)

told.工人們只是按要求的做了。Heopenedhismouthasif

(hewere)

tospeak.他張了張口，好像要說(shuō)話。2．也可用ifany/ifso/ifnot代替上文中的整個(gè)句子。Getupearlytomorrow,

ifnot,youwillmissthefirstbus.

（ifnot=ifyoudon’tgetup

early)明天早起，如果不的話，你將會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)第一趟公交車。Hemaynotbeathomethen,

ifso,leavehimanote.

（ifso=ifheisnotathome)那時(shí)他可能不在家，如果這樣給他留個(gè)字條吧。3）其它省略.狀語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在句末時(shí)，一般都可以作句尾省略①JohnwillgoifMarywill(go).②Youcanaskmequestionsif(thereare)any(questions).(2).以as,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,

常省掉if,

從句使用倒裝句式。WereI

you(=IfIwereyou),Ishouldgivethatguyagoodlesson.如果我是你的話,

我會(huì)好好地教訓(xùn)那個(gè)家伙一頓。3）.

賓語(yǔ)從句的省略1）so和not用在一些表示看法、意見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞之后，替代賓語(yǔ)從句，so表肯定，not表否定。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：beafraid,believe,

expect,hope,imagine,guess,think,suppose等。（注：代替否定的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用not或not…so都可以，但be

afraid,hope和guess只能用not，而不能用not…so的形式。）—Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?你相信我們隊(duì)將會(huì)贏嗎？—Ibelieve

so.

(=thatourteamwillwin)我相信會(huì)贏。—Doyouthinkitwillrain?你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎？—Ihope

not(=that

itwillnotrain).我希望不會(huì)?！猈illyoubeabletofinishthejobthis

week?這周你能完成這份工作嗎？—Ithinknot./

Idon’tthinkso.

我認(rèn)為不能?！狢anyouworkouttheproblem?

你能解出這個(gè)問(wèn)嗎？—I’mafraidnot.

恐怕不能。2）that的省略賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略that,但多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí),通常只省略第一個(gè)that。Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.3）其它省略由which,when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引導(dǎo)詞。PleasepassmeoneofthesebooksandIdon'tcarewhich(youpassme).定語(yǔ)從句中的省略(1)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which,that,who,whom可以省略(whom,which緊跟在介詞后時(shí)不能省略),而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。Theman(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.Theman,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.當(dāng)先行詞是way,后跟定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以用that、inwhich或省略。Iliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks?四．不定式的省略（一）省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to后的動(dòng)詞部分的情況1.在todosth中，只保留不定式符號(hào)to.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthe

didn’twant

to(seethefilm).我請(qǐng)他去看電影，但他不想去。You’dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyou

to(finishthejobontime).如果他命令你,

你最好按時(shí)完成工作。—Willyoujoininthegame？你愿意加入做游戲嗎？—I’dbeglad

to(join

inthegame).我很高興。—Willyougo

withme?你愿意和我一起去嗎?

—Well,I’dlike

to

(gowithyou).

嗯,

我愿意(和你一起去)。2.

在tobesth中，保留tobe.—Areyouasailor?

你是海員嗎？—No,butIused

to

be

(asailor).

不，但我過(guò)去是。Thecitynowismuchnoisierthanitused

to

be.

這個(gè)城市比過(guò)去喧鬧多了.

3在tohavedone中，保留tohave。

—Haveyou

beentotheWestLake?

你去過(guò)西湖嗎?—Ihope

tohave

(beentotheWestLake).

我希望去過(guò)(西湖)?！狧ehasn’tfinishedyet.他還沒(méi)完成?！猈ell,heought

to

have

(finished).

噯，他本應(yīng)該完成的。Itseemsthathehasknownthe

truth.

看來(lái)他已經(jīng)知道了事實(shí).

Yes,heseems

tohave.

是的,看來(lái)他好像知道了.（二）省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的情況1.動(dòng)詞不定式作感官動(dòng)詞feel,see,notice,watch,find,hear,listento,observe和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),

動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to省略。如果這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),

其后的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不能省略Weoftenhearhim

sing

thesongathome.→Heisoften

heard

tosing

thesongathome.我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到他在家唱這首歌。

2.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞不定式由連詞and,or,than,but連接時(shí),

從第二個(gè)不定式起,

往往省略不定式符號(hào)to。但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比之意時(shí)不能省略。She’dliketotakeoffhercoatand

have

abreak.她想脫下外套休息一會(huì)兒。It’smoredifficulttodothan

tosay.

做比說(shuō)難(強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)意前后對(duì)比)。

3.在why或whynot引起的表示建議或責(zé)問(wèn)的省略問(wèn)句中。

Why

get

so

excited?

為什么變得那么激動(dòng)?Why

notgo

outforawalk?為什么不出去散散步呢？注意：but,

except作介詞,

后接動(dòng)詞不定式。如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,

那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,

反之則要帶to。Shecould

do

nothingbut

cry.

她除了哭什么也做不了。He

hasnochoice

but

toleave.

他別無(wú)選擇只有離開。

其它省略情況介詞的省略(1)一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常省略,而保留其后的動(dòng)名詞。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有:havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthbebusy(in)doingsthspendtime/money(in)doingsthstop/preventsb(from)doingsth(2)表示時(shí)間的介詞at,on和in在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,every,each等詞之前,一般都要省略；用在一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前的for也可省略。(否定句中不能省略for)。Wehaveamidtermexam(in)everyterm.Wehavebeenhere(for)threeweeks.(3)表示行為方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等詞組中,經(jīng)常被省略。Hedidit(in)thiswayratherthan(in)anotherway.一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略(1)signs/labelsNoparking.Noparking(isallowedhere).(2)newspaperheadlinesTurandotonstage.(Theopera)Turandot(isbeingperformed)onstage.(3)instructionsDonotbend!Donotbend(thisenvelope).(4)postcards/diariesBestwishes.(Igiveyoumy)bestwishes.(5)notesOperaOK,costumesgreat.(The)opera(was)OK,(andthe)costumes(were)great.003隨堂小練While________(speak),makeconstanteyecontactbutdonotstarefixedlyattheinterviewer.Whenthetwolovers,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusicislightandpleasant,asif__________(whisper)totheaudience.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen__________(pare)tomusicandpainting.__________possible,Iwanttostaywithyouforever.Theglobalwarming,ifnotproperly__________(control),mightleadtomorenaturaldisasters.Heclearedhisthroatasif__________(say)something.TheexhibitionaboutTheBeltandRoadismoreinterestingthan__________(expect).__________tired,wefeltexcitedtobeabletohelpothers.Once___________(attach)totherail,thecarwillbeeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralputer.10.Misunderstandingsresultingfromlackofsocialmunication,unless__________(handle)properly,mayleadtoseriousresults.004培優(yōu)提升閱讀理解ACultureshockoccurswhenpeoplehavebeensuddenlythrownintoanewculture.Newersmaybeanxiousbecausetheydon’tspeakthelanguage.Neitherdotheyknowthecustomsnorunderstandthepeople’sbehaviorindailylife.Quiteoftenthevisitorsfindthat“yes”maynotalwaysmean“yes”,thatfriendlinessdoesnotnecessarilymeanfriendship,orthatstatementsthatappeartobeseriousarereallyintendedasjokes.Theforeignersmaybeunsureastowhentoshakehands,whentostartconversations,orhowtoapproachastranger.Theideaofcultureshockhelpsexplainfeelingsofpuzzlementandconfusion.Languageproblemsdonotleadtoallthesetbacksthatpeoplefeel.Whenonehaslosteverythingthatwasoncefamiliar,suchasunderstandingatransportationsystem,knowinghowtoregister(注冊(cè)，登記)foruniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,difficultiesincopingwiththenewsocietymayarise.Whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,heorshefeelslikeafishoutofwater.Newersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongtothecultureandfeeldesertedbythenativemembersoftheculture.Whenthishappens,visitorsmaywanttorefuseeverythingaboutthenewenvironmentandmayglorifyandsingtheirownpraisesofthepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.Ontheotherside,morevisitorsmaysneezeattheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvalueandinsteadchoosingtoapproveofthevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoacceptthenewcultureinordertobetakeninbythepeopleinit.13．Whatmighthappenwhennewersenteranewculture?A．Theyhavedifficultyinsayingyesorno.B．Theyfinditannoyingtounderstandthefriendship.C．Theyrefusetoshakehandswithstrangers.D．Theyarepuzzledbylocalcustomsandhabits.14．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“setbacks”inparagraph3?A．discouragementsB．a(chǎn)chievements C．a(chǎn)rguments D．a(chǎn)mazement15．Howdothenewersreactinthefaceofthecultureshockaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Theywillmisstheirmotherlanddeeplyenoughtoreturntotheirhomeland.B．Theyarewillingtoacceptanewcultureunconditionallyandpletely.C．Theytrytheirbesttofitintolocallifeandliveapositiveandupwardlife.D．Theyonlycontactfellowcountrymenwiththesameexperience.16．Whatwillthenextparagraphtalkabout?A．Whattodotoignorethedifferences. B．Howtolivefortablyabroad.C．Howtodealwiththecultureshock. D．Whattodotoavoidhomesickness.BWhereverwego,wearesurroundedbyhistory.Acrosstheglobe,culturalheritageispasseddownthroughgenerations.Itisinthebuildingsandstructuresaroundus.Itisintheartsandartifacts(手工藝品)wetreasure.Itlivesinthelanguageswespeakandthestorieswetell.Buttoday,itisunderattackasneverbefore.Notonlyisthedamageoftimeintimidatingourculturalheritage,butwars,climatechange,globalizationandtourismareallexactingaheavyprice.Technologyisnowthemostimportantweaponinthebattle.Here’showtechnologyispreservingourculturalheritage.Asyoucanimagine,creatingthereplicas(復(fù)制品)viacrowdsourced2Dimagesisextremelytimeconsuming.Increasingly,artificialintelligence(AI)isbeingusedtodoalltherequiredsourcing,allowingmillionsofimagestobestoredinamatterofhours.AIwillalsomakerestorationandpreservationofexistingculturalheritagefareasierandmuchbetterthanformermethods.Virtualreality(VR)technologywillplayaleadingroleinpreservingourculturalheritageintheingyears.Manyofthemostimportantsitesandarchitectureareeasilydamaged.Humaninteractionwiththeselocationsisdoingagreatdealofharm.Wastesleftcouldbeseeneverywhere,causingmanyproblems.Asmoreculturalheritagesitesandobjectsaredigitallymappedandrecorded,VRtechnologywillincreasinglybeethewaythatpeopleexperiencethem.We’llalleventuallybeabletowalkthroughplaces,lookatandtouchartifactsandworksofartwithouteverseeingthemwithourowneyes.Finally,ourculturalheritagewillbepreservedviatechnology.Effortsinresearch,innovation(創(chuàng)新),datasharingandprojectworkwillhelppromoteandpreservetheculturalheritageofcountriesallacrosstheworld.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidating”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Fading. B．Preserving. C．Recording. D．Threatening.18．HowdoesVRhelptopreserveculturalheritage?A．Byrecyclinghugeamountsofwaste.B．Bystoppingvisitorstouchingartifacts.C．Byreducinghumaneffectsonthesites.D．Byeducatingpeopleaboutthesites’importance.19．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotechnologyinpreservingtheculturalheritage?A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Unsupportive.20．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．HowTechnologyChangesArtsB．WhatCulturalHeritageMeanstoUsC．PrepareforanInnovationinTechnologyD．PreservetheAncientwiththeAdvancedCAmericaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbecloseandreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.Neithersidefeelshurtbythis.BothmayexchangeChristmasgreetingsforayearortwo,perhapsafewlettersforawhile—thennomore.Ifthesametwopeoplemeetagainbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship.ThiscanbequitedifficultforusChinesetounderstand,becausefriendshipsbetweenusflowmoreslowlybutthenmaybeelifelongfeelings,extending(延伸)sometimesdeeplyintobothfamilies.Americansarereadytoreceiveusforeignersattheirhomes,sharetheirholidays,andtheirhomelife.Theywillenjoywelingusandbepleasedifweaccepttheirhospitality(好客)easily,buttrulycan’tmanagethetimetodoagreatdealwithavisitoroutsidetheirdailyroutine.Theywillprobablyexpectustogetourselvesfromtheairporttoourownhotelbybus.Andtheyexpectthatwewillphonethemfromthere.Oncewearriveattheirhomes,thewelewillbefull,warmandreal.Wewillfindourselvestreatedhospitably.AnotherdifficultpointforusChinesetounderstandAmericansisthatalthoughtheyincludeuswarmlyintheirpersonaleverydaylives,theydon’tshowtheirpolitenesstousifitrequiresagreatdealoftime.Thisisusuallytheoppositeofthepracticeinourcountrywherewemaybegenerouswithourtime.Sometimes,we,ashosts,willappearatairportseveninthemiddleofthenighttomeetafriend.Wemaytakedaysofftoactasguidestoourforeignfriends.TheAmericans,however,expresstheirweleusuallyathomes.FortheAmericans,itisoftenconsideredmorefriendlytoinviteafriendtotheirhomesthantogotorestaurants,exceptforpurebusinessmatters.Soaccepttheirhospitalityathome!21．WhereareweexpectedtocallourAmericanfriendsifwegotherebyplane?A．Onthebus B．Attheairport.C．Neartheirhome. D．Atourownhotel.22．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallylastforalltheirlives.B．Americansalwaysshowtheirwarmtheveniftheyareverybusy.C．Americanswillcontinuetheirfriendshipsagainevenafteralongbreak.D．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallyextenddeeplyintotheirfamilies.23．Whichisthetypical(典型的)wayofAmericanhospitality?A．Treatingfriendsathome. B．Sharingeverythingtheyhave.C．Takingdaysofftobewithfriends. D．Meetingfriendsattheairportatmidnight.24．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．FriendshipsbetweenChinese B．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansC．Americans’hospitality D．AmericansandChinese’sviewsoffriendshipDLawrenceGantifromtheUShaslivedinSwitzerland,Japan,andIndia.WhenhisworkwithMerck,apanythatdevelopstreatmentsformanyoftheworld’smostchallengingdiseases,firsttookhimtoJapan,hewasstruckbyhowfortablehisJapanesecoworkerswerewithsilence.DuringmeetingsintheUS,peopleareusuallyuneasywithquietandfillaquietperiodwithtalk.NotsoinJapan.“Youdon’tbreakthesilenceunlessyouhavesomethingimportanttosay,”saysGanti.Surprisingly,whenhenextlivedinIndia,hefoundconversationsweretypicallylively,loudandfullofinterruptions(打岔).“Silenceisneverexpected,”hesays.TheJapanesevaluethebuildingoftrustandrelationships,Gantiadds.InJapan,nothingmightbeachievedinthefirstmeeting,andnorealprogressmaybemadeuntilthepartiessitdownforalunchordinner.GantiremembersgreetingforeignerswhoflewtoJapanwiththeintentionofholdingtheirmeetingandflyingoutthatsameday.“It’sjustahalfhourdiscussion,”theytoldhim.Hereplied,“Thathalfhourdiscussionwon’tgoanywhere.”CyrusSabourifromNewJersey,theUS,hadsimilarexperiencesintheMiddleEast.HelivesinBahrain,whereheworksforAmericanExpressMiddleEast.“Meetingscanrequirepersonalintroductions,whichoftenconsumemoreofthemeetingthanthethingstobediscussed,”hesays.Hewas