課下天天練(一)

課下天天練(一)40分閱讀提分練姓名________班級________考號________時間：40分鐘閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A[2023·湖北十一校聯(lián)考]Football:DesigningtheBeautifulGameWhetheryouareacrazyfanorsidelinesupporter,visitorstothisexhibitionwillenjoydiscoveringtheremarkabledesignstoriesbehindtheworld'sbeautifulgame.WhattoexpectTheexhibitionexploresthestorybehindfootball,showinghowdesignhasbeenusedtopushthegametonewlimits.Takeajourneythroughover500objects,filmsandinterviewsinsportingperformance,equipmentdevelopmentandstadiumdesign,andinvolveyourselfinthestoriesofclubsandgamelegends(傳奇人物)includingMessi,Pelé，GeorgeBestandDiegoMaradona.HeldbytheDesignMuseumandtheNationalFootballMuseuminManchester,theshowrevealsthemasterplanningoftheworld'smostsignificantfootballstadiums,thedesigninnovationusedintoday'sequipment,howthegraphicdesignofteambadges(徽章)andpostersshapesaclub'sidentityandhowgrassroots'effortsarepushingthesport'smercialization.Ticketinformation※Onlinebookingisadvisedbutticketswillalsobeavailableinthebookingoffice.Lastentrytotheexhibitionis90minutesbeforethemuseumcloses.※Adultticketsarechargedfrom￡16andstudentticketsfrom￡12.Meanwhile,youcansave25%onfamilyandgrouptickets.※Presentyourexhibitionentryticketfor10%offfoodanddrinkatLondonGradeCoffeeonthegroundfloor.1．Whatcanvisitorsdoattheexhibition?A．Designateambadge.B．Interviewmasterdesigners.C．Putonfootballequipment.D．Learnaboutfamousfootballplayers.2．Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeir11-year-oldsonpayatleastforadmission?A．￡33.B．￡36.C．￡44.D．￡48.3．Whatwillvisitorsenjoywiththeticket?A．Aspecialdiscountongoodsatacafe.B．Aphotoofasignificantfootballstadium.C．AfreevisittotheNationalFootballMuseum.D.Aninvitationtoaclub'ssportingperformance.B[2023·南昌市模擬]AcrowdcheeredKunleAdeyanjuasheturnedoffhismotorbikeengineafterpletingatiring41-daytrip.The44-year-oldleftLondononApril19andarrivedinNigeria'smercialcenterLagosonSundayaftertravellingmorethan8，000milesacross13countries.HestartedtheimpressivejourneytoraisefundsforRotaryInternationaltodealwithpolio(小兒麻痹癥)inhisnativeNigeria.AcpaniedbyadozenbikersforthelaststretchofthejourneyfromtheRepublicofBenin,AdeyanjuwasweledbysupportersinIkeja,incentralLagos.Adeyanju,called“LionHeart”byfans,wonpopularityamongthepublicbypostingdailypictureswithmentsabouthisjourneyonsocialmedia.Ateverystopalongtheway,hewasgreetedbyenthusiasticsupporters.Hedidfacesomechallenges,liketheoneinMaliwhereoneofhiswheelsbroke.“Iwasstandinginthemiddleofthenight,aloneinabush,notknowingwhattodo,withoutspeakingthelanguage，”hesaid,explaininghehadtowalktothenearestvillage.“Fortunately,thelocalshelpedme.”Notallofthechallengeshefacedweresolvedsmoothly.“Mauritania,acountryinnorthwestAfrica,was‘terrible’，”hesaid,afterhegotrobbedofhundredsofeuros.“Theworstexperience，”headded.TheformerShellemployeeself-fundedhistripwith$20，400insavings,hopingtoraiseupto$48millionforRotaryInternational.“IhavebeensufferingfromalackofsleeplatelybecauseIsleptonlythreetofourhourspernight.ButIfeelproudbecauseIfinishedthischallenge，”Adeyanjusaidjustafterhearrived,wipingthesweatoffhisface.AdeyanjuaddedthatheisnowplanningtohaveapossiblecyclingtriptoGhanaorabikeridetoIsraeltohelpraisemorefunds.Andhehasanotherdream:toclimbMountQomolangma.4．WhydidAdeyanjugoonthe41-daytrip?A．Tochallengehimself.B．Tohelpfightpolio.C．Toconnectwithmorepeople.D．ToadvertiseRotaryInternational.5．HowdidAdeyanjubeepopularduringthejourney?A．Byusingthetitle“LionHeart”．B．Bymentingonotherbikers'journeys.C．Bysharinghisexperiencesonline.D．Byshowinghisdeeploveforhishometown.6．WhathappenedtoAdeyanjuinMauritania?A．Hegotlostinthebush.B．Hemetwithcrime.C．Hefailedtounderstandthelocals.D．Hebrokehismotorbike.7．WhichwordscanbestdescribeAdeyanju?A．Caringanddetermined.B．Reliableandenthusiastic.C．Generousandsensitive.D．Adventurousandconfident.C[2023·安徽省名校聯(lián)盟質(zhì)量檢測]Wehumansoftennavigate(導(dǎo)航)usingroadsignsandGPS.Butwhataboutelephants?ConnieAllen,abehaviouralecologistattheUniversityofExeterintheU.K．，said“theelephantsnavigateoverlongdistancesusingtheirunbelievablememories”，whichmakesothersconsiderthatanelephantwillneverforget.Butit'salsobeensuggestedhereandtherethatmaybeolfactionisextremelyimportantfortheselong-distancemovements.AllenandhercolleaguescheckedthatideabytestingAfricanelephants'abilitytoidentifyaveryspecialsmell:thesmellofpee(尿).Yousee,anelephantpeesalot—some12to15gallonsaday—andthatpeecancontainaseriesofchemicalsignals.Butfirst,theyneededsomepee.SotheyheadedforaspotalongBotswana'sBotetiRiverandwaited.Theywaitedforelephantstopeeand,within20minutes,wentandcollectedthesefreshpeesamples.Thentheysetupcamerasonsevenpathswhichtheelephantsusuallywalkedalong.Afterobservingtheelephants'naturalbehaviouronthepaths,theynoticedthatthemajorityoftheelephantscheckedsmellsalongthepaths—especiallyelephantstravellingalone,whichisanindication,theresearcherssaid,thatsmellsmayserveassignpostsalongthepaths.Next,theyplacedthosepeesamplesalongthepaths.Andtheyfoundthatforatleasttwodays,passingelephantstrainedtheirtrunksonthesamples,especiallysamplesfrommatureadults,whichisanotherindicationthatsmellsmightbeaneffectivenavigationalsignal.TheirfindingsappearedinthejournalAnimalBehaviour.Basedontheseresults,theyhopeconservationistsmightbeabletouseelephantpeeasadecoy(誘餌).Ifwecantrickelephantsintothinkingotherelephantsaregoingthisway,maybewecanredirectthemawayfromwheretheyareingintoconflictwithhumansatthemoment.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“olfaction”inParagraph1mean?ATheroadsidesignpost.B．Thesenseofsmell.C．Thelong-termmemory.D．Thesenseofdirection.9．Howdidresearchersgettheirconclusions?A．Bydoingfieldresearch.B．Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.C．Bymakingparisons.D．Bydoinglaboratoryexperiments.10．Whatmightbeapotentialbenefitofthefindingsaccordingtothetext?A．Helpingelephantstofindotherpanions.B.Inspiringnewresearchdirectionsinelephants.C.Raisingpublicawarenessofelephantprotection.D．Makingelephantsandhumanscoexistpeacefully.11．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Africanelephantsshowpersonality-basedmovementsB．ElephantsarebornwithexcellentabilitytonavigateC．AfricanelephantsmayusepeeasaroadsignD．ElephantshaveagoodmemoryforroadsD[2023·重慶市高三質(zhì)量調(diào)研抽測]FelixRuppertandAlexanderBadri-SprowitzattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,designedahalf-metre-highrobotcalledMortiandgaveittheabilitytoteachitselfhowtowalk,ratherthantoperformapre-programmedstep.Thefour-leggedrobottookonlyanhourtolearnhowtowalksteadily,roughlythesameamountoftimeasnewbornhorsesneed.Andit'sthefirsttimethatamachinelearningtechniquehasbeensosuccessfullyappliedtofour-leggedrobots.Mortiiscontrolledbyanartificialintelligence(AI)algorithm(算法)thatdoesn'thavemuchinformationabouttherobot'slegs,suchastheexactshapeofeachelement.“TheAI,workinglikethecentralnervoussystem,giveswalkinginstructionsforMortitofollow.Itthenadjuststhembasedonreadingsfromfootsensorsthatsignalwhentherobotfallsandlosescontactwiththeground.Initially,Mortifallsdown,butafteraboutanhourtheAIfindsthebestwaytomakeitwalk，”saidRuppert.BecausetheAIlearnsratherthancalculatingdetailsofeachleg'smovementinadvance,whichcanusealotofenergy,Mortiwalksusing42percentlessenergythanwhenitfirststartsattheendofanhour-longlearningprocess.Morti'sprocesscopiesthewaybabyanimalslearntomove,astheyalsofindthemostefficientwaytousetheirmusclesbytryingandinitiallytripping.DhireeshaKudithipudiatTheUniversityofTexasatSanAntoniosaidthatAIrobotscanoftenlearnaspecifictaskverywellbutcan'treadjustwhentheenvironmentchangesandthatMorti'sdesign,whichreliesoncontinuallyadjustingtherobot'smovements,mayperformbetterinthatregard.RuppertsaidheandtheteamareworkingonaddingmoresensorsandrangeofmotiontoMortitomakeitamoreanimal-likerobot.12．WhatisspecialaboutMorti?A．Itispre-programmedtowalk.B．Itcanlearntowalkbyitself.C．Itisthefirstfour-leggedrobot.D．Itcanhelpteachthenewborns.13．WhichaspectofMortiisstressedinParagraph2?A．Itsbodystructure.B．Itsdesignconcept.C．Itslearningprocess.D．Itsworkingconditions.14．HowdoestheAI'slearningabilitybenefitMorti?A．BypredictingMorti'slegmovements.B．BytrainingMorti'smusclestothebest.C．ByloweringMorti'senergyconsumption.D．BystrengtheningMorti'sbondwithothers.15．WhatisDhireeshaKudithipudi'sattitudetowardMorti?A．Doubtful.B．Concerned.C．Subjective.D．Favorable.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。[2023·河南省適應(yīng)性測試]You'llprobablybefamiliarwiththeNorthAmericanspellingoftheword“airplane”.However,ifyou'veeverbeenonaninternationalflightleavingtheUnitedStatesandgoingtoanotherEnglish-speakingcountryliketheUnitedKingdom,you'veprobablynoticedthatthereareafewdifferencesbetweentheAmericanandBritishspellingsofwordswiththesamemeaning.__1__.TheAmericanEnglishspellingis“airplane”whiletheBritishEnglishspellingis“aeroplane”.So,whydoesthishappen?Let'slookattherootofthephenomenon.__2__.“BritishEnglishhasageneraltendencytofavourspellingsandwordsthatremindpeopleofFrench,butAmericanEnglish,whenithasdeviated(背離)fromwhatBritishEnglishdoes,oftenchangesintothedirectionofseeminglessFrench，”saysLynneMurphy,authorofTheProdigalTongue:TheLov