閱讀理解語(yǔ)料長(zhǎng)難句分析（結(jié)合高考真題（全國(guó)I卷））-2022屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

結(jié)合高考真題（全國(guó)I卷）閱讀理解語(yǔ)料長(zhǎng)難句分析

高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，素來(lái)有“得閱讀者得天下”之說(shuō)。鑒于英語(yǔ)是典型形合語(yǔ)，高中生

若想做好閱讀試題，長(zhǎng)句分析是不可或缺的基本技能之一，而該項(xiàng)技能的獲得，不是

簡(jiǎn)單了解從句結(jié)構(gòu)，而是需要精通五種基本句型，七種句子成分，?？继厥庹Z(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，

比如祈使句、倒裝句、省略句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等，此外能就?？荚~類(lèi)活用及派生詞有一定

認(rèn)知，并能就句子意群之間的聚合關(guān)系進(jìn)行邏輯辨析。

例句：

閱讀A篇

1.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsand

onlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstart

businessesallyearround.

分析：這是典型的廣告文陳述方式，采用了自問(wèn)自答的設(shè)問(wèn)方式，前面的問(wèn)句

用了省略形式，補(bǔ)充完成就是Ifyouarenotastudent,andyouwanttofindsummer

jobs,whatcanyoudo.回答就是Youcangotothegovernmentwebsitetolearn（不

定時(shí)表目的）aboutprogramsandonlinetools（并列關(guān)系）available（兩個(gè)并列名

詞的后置定語(yǔ)）tohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinesses

allyearround.（helpsbdosth賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，但補(bǔ)語(yǔ)部分為build、find和start三個(gè)動(dòng)

詞的并列）

2.SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingand

awardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.

分析：主干providesbwithsth的結(jié)構(gòu)，SummerCompany（主語(yǔ)）provides

studentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000（awards的后

置定語(yǔ)）tostartandrun（不定時(shí)表目的）theirownsummerbusinesses（名詞詞

組意群）.

3.ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehired

eachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,its

relatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.（閱讀A篇）

分析：ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram（方式狀語(yǔ)），

studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrossthe

ProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups（對(duì)the

ProvincialPublicService這個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)的詮釋?zhuān)?

閱讀B篇

1."Ittakesalotforanystudent,"Whaleyexplains,"especiallyforastudentwho

islearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,'Idon't

know,butIwanttoknow."'

分析："Ittakesalotforanystudent,"Whaleyexplains（插入語(yǔ)）,"especiallyfor

astudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage（especially弓I導(dǎo)的插入語(yǔ)，

對(duì)前面anystudent的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行加深處理），tofeelconfidentenoughto（形式主語(yǔ)It

所指代內(nèi)容）say,1don'tknow,butIwanttoknow."'

2.Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignproject

（AofB,兩個(gè)名詞性意群構(gòu)成的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，一般譯為B的A固定結(jié)構(gòu)）when（時(shí)

間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞）heaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhands（asksbtodo

sth,oneday作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)插入其中）if（when從句內(nèi)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞）they

thoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.

閱讀C篇

1.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,

whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto-regardless

ofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

分析：Thus（與上文的邏輯語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，信息定位關(guān)鍵詞），thekeyboardcan

determinepeople'sidentities,andbyextension（插入語(yǔ)）,whethertheyshouldbe

givenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeone

getsthepasswordright（破折號(hào)后的詮釋?zhuān)?

2.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferent

participantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.

分析：Datacollectedfromthedevice（后置定語(yǔ)，是定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化形式）could

beusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylow

errorrates.

3.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardto

commercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteam

hopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

分析：Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardto

commercializeand（and并列兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為thekeyboard）ismostlymade

ofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.

閱讀D篇

1.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,

breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

分析：Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybut（notAbutB不是A二

是B的固定結(jié)構(gòu)）bysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers

（三個(gè)v-ing形式的動(dòng)詞詞組并列），amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

2.Thelikables'plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyard

friendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployed

everafterinlifeandwork.

分析:Thelikables'plays-well-with-othersqualities（超長(zhǎng)名詞性詞組做主

語(yǔ)）strengthen（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）schoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonal

skillsand（并列前面的strengthen和后面的areemployed兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），when

tappedearly,（插入語(yǔ)）areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.

3.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,high

statushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."

分析：Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment（主

語(yǔ)從句中的比較狀語(yǔ)），highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."（黑體部

分為主語(yǔ)從句，但因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞show太短，用it做形式主語(yǔ)）

閱讀模擬

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asapersonwhowritesaboutfoodanddrinkforaliving.Icouldn'ttellyouthe

firstthingaboutBillPerryorwhetherthebeershesellsarethatgreat.ButIcantell

youthatIlikethisguy.That'sbecauseheplanstobantippinginfavorofpayinghis

serversanactuallivingwage.

Ihatetipping.

Ihateitbecauseit'sanobligationdisguisedasanoption.Ihateitforthe

post-dinnermathitrequiresofme.Butmostly,IhatetippingbecauseIbelieveI

wouldbeinabetterplaceifpaydecisionsregardingemployeesweresimplyleftup

totheiremployers,asisthecustominvirtuallyeveryotherindustry.

Mostofyouprobablythinkthatyouhatetipping,too.Researchsuggests

otherwise.Youactuallylovetipping!Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhow

muchmoneyyourservermakes.Nomatterhowthemathworksout,you

persistentlyviewrestaurantswithvoluntarytippingsystemsasbeingabettervalue,

whichmakesitextremelydifficultforrestaurantsandbarstodoawaywiththe

tippingsystem.

Oneargumentthatyoutendtohearalotfromthepro-tippingcrowdseems

logicalenough:theserviceisbetterwhenwaitersdependontips,presumably

becausetheyseeabenefittosuccessfullyveilingtheircontemptforyou.Well,ifthis

weretrue,wewouldallbeslippingafew100-dollarbillstoourdoctorsontheway

outtheirdoors,too.Butasitturnsout,waitersseeonlyatinybumpintipswhen

theydoanexceptionaljobcomparedtoapassableone.Waiters,keenobserversof

humanitythattheyare,arecatchingontothis;inonepoll,afull30%saidtheydidn't

believethejobtheydidhadanyimpactonthetipstheyreceived.

Socomeon,folks:getonboardwithditchingtheoutdatedtipsystem.Paya

littlemoreupfrontforyourbeerorburger.

SupportBillPerry'spub,andanyotherbarorrestaurantthatdoesn'taskyou

tododrunkenmath.

46.WhatcanwelearnaboutBillPerryfromthepassage?

A)Herunsapubthatservesexcellentbeer.

B)Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice.

C)Hegiveshisstaffaconsiderablesumfortips.

D)Helivescomfortablywithoutgettinganytips.

47.Whatisthemainreasonwhytheauthorhatestipping?

A)Itsetsabadexampleforotherindustries.

B)Itaddstotheburdenofordinarycustomers.

C)Itforcesthecustomertocompensatethewaiter.

D)Itposesagreatchallengeforcustomerstodomath.

48.Whydomanypeoplelovetippingaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Theyhelpimprovethequalityoftherestaurantstheydinein.

B)Theybelievewaitersdeservesuchrewardsforgoodservice.

C)Theywanttopreserveawonderfultraditionoftheindustry.

D)Theycanhavesomesayinhowmuchtheirserversearn.

49.Whathavesomewaiterscometorealizeaccordingtoasurvey?

A)Servicequalityhaslittleeffectontipsize.

B)Itisinhumanmaturetotrytosaveontips.

C)Tipsmakeitmoredifficulttopleasecustomers.

D)Tipsbenefitthebossratherthattheemployees.

50.Whatdoestheauthorargueforinthepassage?

A)Restaurantsshouldcalculatethetipsforcustomers.

B)Customersshouldpaymoretipstohelpimproveservice.

C)Waitersdeservebetterthanjustrelyingontipsforaliving.

D)Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inthepast,fallingoilpriceshavegivenaboosttotheworldeconomy,but

recentforecastsforglobalgrowthhavebeentoneddown,evenasoilpricessink

lowerandlower.Doesthatmeanthelinkbetweenloweroilpricesandgrowthhas

weakened?

Someexpertssaytherearestillgoodreasonstobelievecheapoilshouldheat

uptheworldeconomy.Consumershavemoremoneyintheirpocketswhenthey're

payinglessatthepump.Theyspendthatmoneyonotherthings,whichstimulates

theeconomy.

ThebiggestgainsgotocountriesthatimportmostoftheiroillikeChina,Japan,

andIndia,Butdoesn'ttheextramoneyinthepocketsofthosecountries'consumers

meananequallossinoilproducingcountries,cancellingoutthegains?Not

necessarily,sayseconomicresearcherSaraJohnson."Manyoilproducersbuiltup

hugereservefundswhenpriceswerehigh,sowhenpricesfalltheywilldrawon

theirreservestosupportgovernmentspendingandsubsidies(補(bǔ)貼)fortheir

consumers."

Butnotalloilproducershavebigreserves,InVenezuela,collapsingoilprices

havesentitseconomyintofree-fall.

EconomistCarlWeinbergbelievesthenegativeeffectsofplungingoilprices

areoverwhelmingthepositiveeffectsofcheaperoil.Theimplicationisasharp

declineinglobaltrade,whichhasplungedpartlybecauseoil-producingnations

can'taffordtoimportasmuchastheyusedto.

SaraJohnsonacknowledgesthattheglobaleconomicbenefitfromafallinoil

pricestodayislikelylowerthanitwasinthepast.Onereasonisthatmorecountries

arebigoilproducersnow,sothenationssufferingfromthepricedropaccountfora

largershareoftheglobaleconomy.

Consumers,intheU.S.atleast,areactingcautiouslywiththesavingsthey're

gettingatthegaspump,asthememoryoftherecentgreatrecessionisstillfreshin

theirmind.Andanumberofoil-producingcountriesaretrimmingtheirgasoline

subsidiesandraisingtaxes,sothenetsavingsforglobalconsumersisnotasbigas

theoilpriceplungemightsuggest.

51.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?

A)Thereasonsbehindtheplungeofoilprices.

B)Possiblewaystostimulatetheglobaleconomy.

C)Theimpactofcheapoilonglobaleconomicgrowth.

D)Theeffectoffallingoilpricesonconsumerspending.

52.Whydosomeexpertsbelievecheapoilwillstimulatetheglobaleconomy?

A)Manufacturerscanproduceconsumergoodsatamuchlowercost.

B)Loweroilpriceshavealwaysgivenabigboosttotheglobaleconomy.

C)Oilpricesmayriseorfallbuteconomiclawsarenotsubjecttochange.

D)Consumerswillspendtheirsavingfromcheapoilonothercommodities.

53.Whathappensinmanyoil-exportingcountrieswhenoilpricesgodown?

A)Theysuspendimportofnecessitiesfromoverseas.

B)Theyreduceproductiondrasticallytoboostoilprices.

C)Theyusetheirmoneyreservestobackupconsumption.

D)Theytrytostoptheireconomyfromgoingintofree-fall.

54.HowdoesCarlWeinbergviewthecurrentoilpriceplunge?

A)Itisonethathasseennoparallelineconomichistory.

B)Itsnegativeeffectsmorethancanceloutitspositiveeffects.

C)Itstillhasachancetogiverisetoaboomintheglobaleconomy.

D)Itseffectsontheglobaleconomygoagainstexistingeconomiclaws.

55.Whyhaven'tfallingoilpricesboostedtheglobaleconomyastheydid

before?

A)Peoplearenotspendingallthemoneytheysaveongas.

B)Theglobaleconomyislikelytoundergoanotherrecession.

C)Oilimportersaccountforalargerportionoftheglobaleconomy.

D)Peopletheworldoverareafraidofafurtherplungeinoilprices.

【答案解析】

46.根據(jù)題目中的BillPerry這個(gè)專(zhuān)有名詞，我們可以定位到文中的第一段話(huà)。在

But后面有提到“我能告訴你我喜歡這個(gè)小伙子。因?yàn)樗蛩憬垢缎≠M(fèi)這種情況，而

贊成給服務(wù)員實(shí)際的工資”。B選項(xiàng)和這句話(huà)的含義接近，getridof意為“擺脫”，和

ban"禁止"含義相近;plant。和intendto含義一樣。所以正確答案為B.

47.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞theauthorhatestipping和mainreason可以返回原文，

定位到第三段。文中說(shuō)“我討厭它，因?yàn)樗鼘⒘x務(wù)偽裝成一種選擇?！奔热皇橇x務(wù)，那

必然是強(qiáng)迫顧客去做的事情，這和C選項(xiàng)的含義較為接近。

48.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞manypeoplelovetipping返回原文，我們可以定位至第四段。根

據(jù)文中第二行的Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhowmuchmoneyyour

servermakes.可知，這題應(yīng)該選擇D選項(xiàng)。

49.文中問(wèn)的是調(diào)查中一些服務(wù)員的觀點(diǎn)，這在第五段的最后一句話(huà)中有所體現(xiàn)，

文中說(shuō)：一些服務(wù)員不認(rèn)為他們的工作會(huì)受到收到的消費(fèi)的影響。

50.本題問(wèn)作者的觀點(diǎn)，切記文中無(wú)人認(rèn)領(lǐng)的觀點(diǎn)便是作者的觀點(diǎn)。在第六段的末

尾有提到說(shuō)，作者支持BillPerry的觀點(diǎn)，而B(niǎo)ill的觀點(diǎn)就和D選項(xiàng)是近義表達(dá)。

46.[B]Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice.

47.[C]Itforcesthecustomertocompensatethewaiter.

48.[D]Theycanhavesomesayinhowmuchtheirserversearn.

49.[A]Servicesqualityhaslittleeffectontipsize.

50.[D]Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers.

答案解析：

51.[C]Theimpactofcheapoilonglobaleconomicgrowth.

解析：本題是主旨題，原文第一段表示“過(guò)去油價(jià)下降總是刺激世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，

但是即使現(xiàn)在油價(jià)下降越來(lái)越多，最新對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)測(cè)卻不容樂(lè)觀，這意味著更低

的油價(jià)和增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系削弱了嗎？”這第一段點(diǎn)明了主題，后面的段落都是在討論油

價(jià)下降為什么以前可以刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，而現(xiàn)在卻不再能刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了?？梢钥闯鍪?/p>

C是正確答案。

52.[D]Consumerswillspendtheirsavingsfromcheapoilonother

commodities.

解析：根據(jù)原文第二段"someexpertssaytherearestillgoodreasonsto...

Theyspendthatmoneyonotherthings,whichstimulatestheeconomy",可以看出

是D正確選項(xiàng)。

53.[C]Theyusetheirmoneyreservestobackupconsumption.

解析：根據(jù)原文第三段中"drawontheirreservestosupportgovernment

spendingandsubsidiesfortheirconsumers",可以看出C是正確選項(xiàng)。

54.[B]Itsnegativeeffectsmorethancanceloutitspositiveeffects.

解析:根據(jù)原文第五段中"thenegativeeffectsofplungingoilpricesare

overwhelmingthepositiveeffectsofcheaperoil"可以看出B是正確選項(xiàng)。

55.[C]Oilimportersaccountforalargerportionoftheglobaleconomy.

解析：根據(jù)原文第六段中"sothenationssufferingfromthepricedropaccountfor

alargershareoftheglobaleconomy",可以看出是C正確選項(xiàng)。

參考答案：

51.[C]Theimpactofcheapoilonglobaleconomicgrowth.

52.[D]Consumerswillspendtheirsavingsfromcheapoilonother

commodities.

53.[C]Theyusetheirmoneyreservestobackupconsumption.

54.[B]Itsnegativeeffectsmorethancanceloutitspositiveeffects.

55.[C]Oilimportersaccountforalargerportionoftheglobaleconomy.

PartIIIReadingSectionC（卷二）

PassageOne

"Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"are

commoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsof

almostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjects

oftaxation."

Twoandahalfcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcohol

andtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealth

systems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxing

sugaraswell.

Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.Apreliminaryreviewof

Mexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsales

ifuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswas

abandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingit

bycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.

Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirect

governmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthat

industrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyas

wellastasty.

Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprove

thequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufactureshavecutthe

amountofsugarintheirbeverages.

Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherby

reducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternative

ingredient.Morerecently,however.

Somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:

learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,

havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithout

changingthetaste.

Whilereformulatingrecipes（配方）isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshould

bepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthat

Thereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureof

approaches-includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes-willbe

needed.Thereisnosilverbullet.

46.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco.

A.Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.

B.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.

C.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.

D.Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.

【答案】C

47.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?

A.Theyareundergrowingpressurestobalancetheirnationalbudgets.

B.Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.

C.Theypracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularand

profitable.

D.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingenerating

profits.

【答案】B

48.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?

A.Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.

B.ltgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.

C.ltcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.

D.ltmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.

【答案】A

49.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinks

bothhealthyandtasty?

A.Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.

B.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.

C.Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.

0.Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.

【答案】D

50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereis

nosilverbullet"(Line4,Para7)?

A.Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.

B.Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.

C.Thereisonhurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.

D.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.

【答案】A

PassageTwo

Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseating

tissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfrom

hunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.

Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,and

tworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkspacehealthandsafety

issue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,

KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthe

fashionindustry.

Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under

16-lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.

AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butabout

thevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence.

"Especiallygirlsandtens",saysRecord."Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to

18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseein

magazines."That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厭食

癥)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtothe

NationalInstitut