Lesson21DanielMendoze知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義-高中英語(yǔ)新概念第三冊(cè)

BoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEnglandtwohundredyearsago.Inthosedays,boxersfoughtwithbarefistsforprizemoney.兩百年前，拳擊比賽在英國(guó)非常盛行。當(dāng)時(shí)，拳擊手們不戴手套，為爭(zhēng)奪獎(jiǎng)金而搏斗。race（速度類的比賽）match(兩組對(duì)抗，角逐類的比賽)box(v.)打拳擊——boxing(n.)拳擊——boxer(n.)拳擊手bepopular(adj.)——beinpopularity(n.)流行Inthosedays=Atthattime在那時(shí)fight(v.)打仗，戰(zhàn)斗foughtfoughtbare(adj.)裸露的eg.barefist光著拳頭（不戴手套）barefisted(adj.)赤手空拳的barefooted(adj.)光著腳的barelegged(adj.)光腿的barenecked(adj.)露出脖子的bareheaded(adj.)不戴帽子的2、Becauseofthis,theywereknownas‘prizefighters'.However,boxingwasverycrude,（forthesewerenorulesandaprizefightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredorevenkilledduringamatch.原因狀語(yǔ)從句）因此，他們被稱作“職業(yè)拳擊手”。不過(guò)，拳擊是十分野蠻的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有任何比賽規(guī)則，職業(yè)拳擊手有可能在比賽中受重傷，甚至喪命。crude(adj.)粗魯?shù)?，野蠻的，粗俗的eg.acrudejoke/manner一個(gè)粗魯?shù)男υ?行為天然的，未經(jīng)提煉的eg.crudesugar粗糖crudeoil原油3、OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistorywasDanielMendoza,（whowasbornin1764.定語(yǔ)從句）拳擊史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼爾.門多薩，他生于1764年。Oneofthemostcolourfulfigures=Oneofthemostfamouspeople/persons(Oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)wasborn出生于（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)，表主動(dòng)的意思）figure(n.)人物eg.apoliticalfigure政治人物ahistoricalfigure歷史人物apublicfigure公眾人物4、Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860,(whentheMarquisofQueensberrydrewupthefirstsetofrules.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次為拳擊比賽制定了規(guī)則，拳擊比賽這才用上了手套。introduce(v.)介紹，引進(jìn)=bringinuntil(prep.)直到+（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）：時(shí)間段not…until…直到…才…draw(v.)抽出，取出，拔出——drawer(n.)抽屜eg.drawthesword拔劍drawalotteryticket抽彩票drawup起草，草擬eg.drawupacontract/plan/listasetof一套，一組eg.asetofbooks/tools一套書/工具asetofproblems一系列問(wèn)題5、（Thoughhewastechnicallyaprizefighter,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）Mendozadidmuchtochangecrudeprizefightingintoasport,（forhebroughtsciencetothegame.原因狀語(yǔ)從句）雖然門多薩嚴(yán)格來(lái)講不過(guò)是個(gè)職業(yè)拳擊手，但在把這種粗野的拳擊變成一種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)方面，他作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。是他把科學(xué)引進(jìn)了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。changeAintoB把A變成B6、Inhisday,Mendozaenjoyedtremendouspopularity.Hewasadoredbyrichandpooralike.門多薩在的全盛時(shí)期深受大家歡迎，無(wú)論是富人還是窮人都對(duì)他祟拜備至。Inhisday=Inhisgoodday=Inhisfulltimepopularity(n.)名望，聲望——popular(adj.)流行的enjoytremendouspopularity享有（巨大的）勝譽(yù)adore(v.)喜歡=love=like=beinterestedin=takeinterestin=befondof=beinto=becrazyabout=befasinatedintherich富人thepoor窮人theyoung年輕人theold老年人alike（adv.）一樣地=similarly=equally=aswell=inthesameway7、Mendozarosetofameswiftlyafteraboxingmatch(whenhewasonlyfourteenyearsold.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)門多薩在14歲時(shí)參加一場(chǎng)拳擊賽后一舉成名。fame(n.)名聲，名望——famous(adj.)著名的risetofame=beefamousswiftly(adv.)=quickly8、ThisattractedtheattentionofRichardHumphries（whowasthenthemosteminentboxerinEngland.定語(yǔ)從句）這引起當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)拳壇名將理查德.漢弗萊斯的注意。eminent(adj.)杰出的，卓越的（修飾人）eg.aneminentdoctor/lawyer/engineer9、HeofferedtotrainMendozaandhisyoungpupilwasquicktolearn.他主動(dòng)提出教授門多薩，而年少的門多薩一學(xué)就會(huì)。offer(v.)提供offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出做某事10、Infact,MendozasoonbecamesosuccessfulthatHumphriesturnedagainsthim.事實(shí)上，門多薩不久便名聲大振，致使?jié)h弗萊斯與他反目為敵。Infact事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上（表遞進(jìn)）=Asamatteroffactso…that…如此…以致于（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）turnagainstsb.與某人反目成仇，與某人為敵11、Thetwomenquarrelledbitterlyanditwasclearthattheargumentcouldonlybesettledbyafight.兩個(gè)人爭(zhēng)吵不休，顯而易見(jiàn)，只有較量一番才能解決問(wèn)題。bitter(adj.)苦的bitterly(adj.)痛苦地，非常地=very=terribly=extremelyItwasclear/obvious/apparentthat+主語(yǔ)從句顯而易見(jiàn)的是…12、AmatchwasheldatStilton,（wherebothmenfoughtforanhour.定語(yǔ)從句）于是兩人在斯蒂爾頓設(shè)下賽場(chǎng)，廝打了一個(gè)小時(shí)。holdameeting/concert/match舉辦…where（conj.）=in/atwhich(在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))13、ThepublicbetagreatdealofmoneyonMendoza,buthewasdefeated.公眾把大筆賭注下到了門多薩身上，但他卻輸了。agreatdealof+[u]大量的，許多的defeat(v.)打敗+人(通用)beat(v.)打敗+人（比賽）14、MendozametHumphriesintheringonalateroccasionandhelostforasecondtime.后來(lái)，門多薩與漢弗萊斯再次在拳擊場(chǎng)上較量，門多薩又輸了一場(chǎng)。15、Itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecameChampionofEngland.直到1790年他們第3次對(duì)壘，門多薩才終于擊敗漢弗萊斯，成了全英拳擊冠軍。強(qiáng)調(diào)句：Itwasnotuntil…that…直到…才…16、Meanwhile,hefoundedahighlysuccessfulAcademyandevenLordByronbecameoneofhispupils.同時(shí)，他建立了一所拳擊學(xué)校，辦得很成功，連拜倫勛爵也成了他的學(xué)生。meanwhile同時(shí)=inthemeantime=atthesametimefindfoundfound找到foundfoundedfounded成立17、Heearnedenormoussumsofmoneyandwaspaidasmuchas$100forasingleappearance.門多薩掙來(lái)大筆大筆的錢，一次出場(chǎng)費(fèi)就多可達(dá)100英鎊。enormoussumsofmoney=largesumsofmoney=alargesumofmoneyasmuchas和…一樣多appearance(n.)出場(chǎng)，出現(xiàn)——appear(v.)出現(xiàn)，表演18、Despitethis,hewassoextravagantthathewasalwaysindebt.盡管收入不少，但他揮霍無(wú)度，經(jīng)常債臺(tái)高筑。Despitethis盡管如此=Inspiteofthis19、(AfterhewasdefeatedbyaboxercalledGentlemanJackson,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)hewasquicklyforgotten.他在被一個(gè)叫杰克遜紳士的拳擊手擊敗后很快被遺忘。20、Hewassenttoprisonforfailingtopayhisdebtsanddiedinpovertyin1836.他因無(wú)力還債而被捕入獄，最后于1836年在貧困中死去。poverty(n.)貧窮——