2024年高考英語快速提?閱讀能?10【疾病類、飲食類】閱讀理解20篇（原卷版）

【疾病健康類/飲食類】話題閱讀練習(xí)高頻話題01疾病健康類Passage1AUSmanhasbecomethefirstpersonintheworldtoreceiveahearttransplantfromageneticallymodifiedpig.SurgeonssaytheexperimentalprocedureswastheonlyavailableoptionforthepatientDavidBennett,a57-year-oldfromMarylandintheUS,whowaslivingwithheartdisease.BennettiscurrentlybeingcarefullymonitoredwhilespecialistsattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter,wheretheprocedurewascarriedout,determinewhetherthetransplantcankeephimaliveinthelongterm.“Itwaseithertodie,ordothistransplant.Iwanttolive.Iknowit’sashotinthedark,butit’smylastchoice,”saidBennett.“IlookforwardtogettingoutofbedafterIrecover.”Whilefullhearttransplantsaremorecontroversial,pigheartvalves(瓣膜)havebeensuccessfullyusedforreplacementsinhumansforyears.“Thiswasabreakthroughsurgeryandbringsusonestepclosertosolvingtheorganshortagecrisis.Therearesimplynotenoughdonorhumanheartsavailabletomeetthelonglistofpotentialrecipients,”saidBartleyGriffith,theheartsurgeonwhoperformedtheoperation.“Wearedoingcautiously,butwearealsooptimisticthatthisfirst-in-the-worldsurgerywillprovideanimportantnewoptionforpatientsinthefuture.”Inthedonorpig,threegenesthatwouldhaveledtotherepaidrejectionofthepig’sheartwereknockedout.Sixhumangenesresponsibleforimmuneacceptanceofthepigheartweretheninsertedintothegenome.Finally,onegeneinthepigwasremovedtopreventexcessivegrowthofthehearttissueonceithadbeenimplanted.“Thisistrulyahistoric,monumentalstepforward.Whilewehavelongbeenattheforefrontofresearchdrivingprogresstowardthepromiseofxenotransplantation(異種器官移植)asapracticalsolutiontotheorgancrisis,manybelievedthisbreakthroughwouldbewellintothefuture,”saidBertO’Malley,presidentandCEOoftheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter.1．WhydidDavidBennetthavehearttransplantsurgery?A．Becauseitisthelastwayforhimtosurvive.B．Becauseheisthevolunteeroftheexperiment.C．Becausethegeneticallymodifiedpigneedshim.D．Becausegettingoutofbediswhatheexpects.2．Whatcanweknowaboutthepig’sfullhearttransplantsurgery?A．Ithasbeensuccessfulfordecades. B．Itisanoptionalmethodtohelpthepig.C．Itcancausetheheartpatienttostayinbed. D．Itmakesanadvanceindealingwithorgancrisis.3．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase?A．a(chǎn)definitefailure B．a(chǎn)desperateattemptC．a(chǎn)greathope D．a(chǎn)wiseoption4．Whatisparagraph6mainlyabout?A．Theresultoftheoperation. B．Theeffectoftheoperation.C．Theprocessoftheoperation. D．Themethodoftheoperation.Passage2Posture(姿勢)playsanimportantpartinhealth.Long-timepoorposturecanleadtopainanddiscomfort.Ithasalsobeenshownthatpoorposturecanincreasetheriskofdisease.Solutionsareneededtohelppeople,especiallystudentsandofficeworkers,changetheirposturetopreventtheseproblemsandimprovetheirhealth.Asaresult,researchershavedevelopedasmartfabric(織物).Peopleoftensitinvariouspoorposturesintheirdailylife.Thiscouldbereducedifpeoplewereabletoobservetheirreal-timesittingposturebywearingthesmartfabric.Withthesittingpositionmonitoring(監(jiān)測)，userscanwatchtheirpostureonthescreenandmakenecessarychanges.ThefabricwasdevelopedusingTENGS,whichcanusemovementofthewearertocollecttheenergytopowertheposturemonitoringsensor(傳感器).Thedatacollectedbythesensorscanprovideimmediateadvice,warningthewearerwhentheyneedtochangetheirposture.Thefabricstretcheseasilyandiswashableandbreathable.Thesefactorsareimportantforhowpeopleusethesmartfabric,affectingthecomfortofthewearablesensorsandhowwellthefabricworks.Inadditiontothecomfortofthefabric,anotherimportantaspectistheeffectivenessoftheposturemonitoring.Thesensorsarefixedintothefabricinpositionsalongthespines(脊椎),whichcanhelpcollectdataonthemostcommonpoorpositions.Thedataisthensenttoamachine,whichprocesseskeyinformationtellinghowthewearerissitting,classifyingtheirsittingposition,andmonitoringhowtheycorrecttheirposture.Thissystemisabletocorrectlyrecognizingthewearer’sposturemostofthetime.Withallthesefeatures,thismonitoringclothingwillhelppeopleavoidpain,discomfort,andlong-termhealthproblems.Anditisbelievedthisclothingwillofferareliablehealthcaresolutionforlong-termmonitoring.5．Whyisthesmartfabricdeveloped?A．Totreatsomespinediseases.B．Tochangepeople’sworkinghabits.C．Tohelppeoplecorrecttheirpoorpostures.D．Tostartanewtrendinthefashionindustry.6．Whatcanweknowaboutthemonitoringsystem?A．Itisself-powered.B．Itcanbeusedasacharger.C．Itadaptstobodymovements.D．Itpreventspeoplefromsittingforlong.7．What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofthesmartfabric.B．Theworkingprocessofthesmartfabric.C．Thefunctionofsensorsinthesmartfabric.D．Thewaysofcollectingdatawithinthesmartfabric.8．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemonitoringsystem?A．Doubtful. B．Surprised, C．Uncertain. D．Supportive.Passage3HundredsofmillionshaverolleduptheirsleevesfortheCOVID-19vaccine,butwhyhaven’ttheytakendowntheirpantsinstead?What’sthesciencebehindwhywegetmostvaccinesinourarmanddoestheinjectionsitematter?Musclesmakeanexcellentvaccineinjectionsitebecausemuscletissuecontainsimportantimmunecells.Theimmunecellsrecognizetheantigen(抗原),atinypieceofavirusorbacteriumintroducedbythevaccinethatstimulatesanimmuneresponse.InthecaseoftheCOVID-19vaccine,theimmunecellsinthemuscletissuepickuptheseantigensandtakethemtothelymphnodes(淋巴結(jié)).Injectingthevaccineintomuscletissuekeepsthevaccinelocalized(局部的),allowingtheimmunecellstheretosoundthealarmtootherimmunecellsandgettowork.Onceavaccineisrecognizedbytheimmunecellsinthemuscle,thesecellscarrytheantigenstolymphvessels,whichtransporttheantigen-carryingimmunecellsintothelymphnodes.Lymphnodes,importantpartofourimmunesystem,containmoreimmunecellsthatrecognizetheantigensfromvaccinesandstarttheimmuneprocessofcreatingantibodies.Muscletissuealsotendstokeepvaccinereactionslocalized.Injectingavaccineintothemusclemayresultinlocalinflammation(紅腫)orsorenessattheinjectionsite.Ifcertainvaccinesareinjectedintofattissue,thechanceofvaccinereactionsincreasesbecausefattissuehaspoorbloodsupply,leadingtopoorabsorptionoftheantigensinthevaccines.Yetanotherdecidingfactorinthevaccineinjectionsiteisthesizeofthemuscle.Adultsandchildrenagedthreeandoldertendtoreceivevaccinesintheirupperarm.Youngerchildrenreceivevaccinesintheirthighs(大腿)becausetheirarmmusclesaresmallerandlessdeveloped.Anotherconsiderationduringvaccineinjectionisconvenienceandpatients’acceptability.Canyouimaginetakingdownyourpantsataclinicwithstrangersaround?Rollingupyoursleeveismucheasierandmorepreferred.Allthingsconsidered,whenitcomestotheCOVID-19vaccine,formostadultsandkids,thearmisthepreferredinjectionsite.9．Howmanyreasonsforthevaccinesgivenintothemusclearementioned?A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“pickup”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Recognize. B．Collect. C．Cleanup. D．Liftup.11．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthepreferredvaccineinjectionsiteformostpeople?A．Thearm. B．Thehand. C．Thethigh. D．Thefoot.12．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Don’tbeafraidofinjection B．Whydowegetinjectioninthearm?C．Aninterestingsecrettoinjection D．Howvaccinesaregivenintothemuscle?Passage4Overthelasttwodecades,humankindhascreatedavastmobilenetworkenablingpeopletoshareinformationatunprecedented(前所未有的)rates,discoveredwateronMars,engineeredcarsthatrunonhydrogen(氫),etc.Somanyachievementshavetherebeen,infact,thatmostgounnoticedbythegeneralpopulation.Itisonlywhenafamilymemberneedsahearttransplantthatyoucometolearnaboutthepossibilityofsomeonebuildingaheartforthem.InSeptember,BritishmathematicianSirMichaelAtiyahclaimedtohavesolvedtheRiemannHypothesis,acomplexmathematicalequation(數(shù)學(xué)方程式)thathaspuzzledsomeoftheworld’sbrightestmindsfor160years.”WhatistheRiemannHypothesisandwhyshouldIcare?“youask.Franklyspeaking,Idon’tunderstandit,andIdon’tthinkIeverwill.ButIamsurethatitsapplicationsforadvancementinscienceandtechnologywillbesignificant.Thefactofthematteristhatindividualsorteamscanspendyearsorevendecadesworkingonmathsproblemsthattheymayneversolve.Theydosonotonlybecauseoftherewardsthatmightbeavailable,butalsobecauseitisaworthygoal.Mostoftheworldwillnotunderstandwhattheseindividualsdo,butourliveswouldbeverydifferentifnobodyeversoughttochallengethemselvesandtakeoncrazyprojects.IadmireamannamedJiroOno,ownerandchefofarguablythemostfamoussushirestaurantinJapan.Jirobecameaqualifiedsushichefin1951,nearly70yearsago.Today,attheageof92,heisstilllookingforwaystoimproveuponhiscraft.Manywouldthinkthatafterdoingsomethingforthatlong,theyhavenothingelsetolearn,butJiroputsthatnotiontoshame.Everyday,hestandsbehindthecounterandexperimentswithfoodinhispursuitofperfection.Inlife,justabouteverycorneryouturn,youcanfindareastoimproveupon.Medicalresearcherslookforwaystocurecancer;basketballplayerspracticehardtobecomethenextMichaelJordan;scientistsexperimentwithalternativefuelstohelptheenvironment.Mostofushavenotbeentaskedwithprogressinginacertainwayyet,butwhatallofusshouldbedoingisseekingtoimproveourselvesforthegoodofourselvesorforthegoodofothers.13．WhydidtheauthormentionSirMichaelAtiyahinParagraph2?A．Toemphasizethathiscontributionisunprecedented.B．Toarguethatprovingmathsproblemisprofitable.C．Toidentifytheessentialingredientsthatleadtohissuccess.D．Toprovethatweneedpioneerslikehimintoday’sworld.14．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Anartificialheartisn’tavailableforonewithheartdisease.B．JiroOnoconsidersseekingimprovementasashame.C．Everyoneshouldtrytoimposethemselvesmerelyforhisownsake.D．MichaelAtiyahissimilartoJiroOnointermsoftheirpursuit.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ProvingRiemannHypothesis B．TheNever-endingJourneyC．ChallengingOurselves D．AchievingSuccessPassage5Mountingevidencesuggeststhatlongtimesitting—amainpartofmodern-daylife—isriskytoyourhealth,evenifyouexerciseregularly.Basedonthesefindings,doctorsadvisealladultstositlessandmovemore.Buthowoftendoweneedtogetupfromourchairs?Andforhowlong?Fewstudieshavecomparedmultipleoptionstocomeupwiththeanswermostofficeworkerswant:Whatistheleastamountofactivityneededtocounteractthehealtheffectsofaworkdayfilledwithsitting?NowastudybyColumbiaUniversityexercisephysiologistshasananswer.Unlikeotherstudiesthattestoneortwoactivityoptions,thestudytestedfivedifferentexercise“snacks”,orshortburstsofactivityafteraperiodoftime’ssitting:oneminuteofwalkingafterevery30minutesofsitting,oneminuteafter60minutes,fiveminutesevery30,fiveminutesevery60andnowalking.Theproperamountofmovement,theresearchersfound,wasfiveminutesofwalkingevery30minutes.Thiswastheonlyamountthatgreatlyloweredbothbloodsugarandbloodpressure.Inaddition,thiswalkingroutinehadanimpressiveeffectonhowtheparticipantsrespondedtolargemeals,reducingbloodsugarspikes(峰值)by58%comparedwithsittingallday.Takingawalkingbreakevery30minutesforoneminutealsoprovidedmodestbenefitsforbloodsugarlevelsthroughouttheday,whilewalkingevery60minutes,eitherforoneminuteorfiveminutes,providednobenefit.Whatweknownowisthatforbesthealth,youneedtomoveregularlyatwork,inadditiontoadailyexerciseroutine.Whilethatmaysoundimpractical,thefindingsshowthatevensmallamountsofwalkingspreadthroughtheworkdaycangreatlyloweryourriskofheartdiseaseandotherchronic(慢性的)illnesses.16．WhatdoesthestudybyColumbiaUniversityfocuson?A．Whatadultsshoulddotokeepexercisingregularly.B．Whenandwhereweneedtositlessandmovemore.C．Whylongtimesittingeverydayisriskytoourhealth.D．Howoftenandhowlongweneedtowalkfromourchairs.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counteract”inparagraph2mean?A．Cancelout. B．Giveup. C．Addto. D．Benefitfrom.18．Whichwalkingpatternisthemostusefulforhealthaccordingtothetext?A．Oneminuteofwalkingafterevery30minutesofsitting.B．Fiveminutesofwalkingafterevery30minutesofsitting.C．Oneminuteofwalkingafterevery60minutesofsitting.D．Fiveminutesofwalkingafterevery60minutesofsitting.19．Whatdoesthelastparagraphshow?A．Therisksofheartdiseaseandotherillnesses.B．Thedailyexerciseroutinesuitableforeveryone.C．Thesuggestionsonthehealthoftheofficestaff.D．Thewaysofmovingregularlyatworkeveryday.Passage6Peoplehavegrowntallerover,thelast,century,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetothetopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearch,saystheglobaltrendislikelybut“onceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,”headded.AlittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantagessaysElioRiboliofImperialCollege.“Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,”hesaid.“Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople.”Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,”saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtotheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheightisofgreatimportance.“Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin”hesaid?“Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.”20．Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople’sheight?A．Thelastcenturyhasseenagreatincreaseinpeople’sheightinmostcountries.B．Geneticsplaysakeyroleintheincreaseofpeople’sheightinthelast:century.C．Theincreaseinwomen’sheightismuchbiggerthanmen’sinthelastcentury.D．DutchandSwedesarerankedfirstandsecondinheightin’theworldnowadays.21．WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?A．Theygenerallyriskfewerdiseases. B．Theytendtolivelonger.C．Theyenjoyaneasierlife. D．Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.22．Theunderlinedword“reversed”inParagraph3canbereplacedby________.A．sloweddown. B．remainedstable.C．cometolifeagain. D．changedtothecontrary.23．Accordingtothetext,JamesBenthamsuggeststhat________.A．environmentprotectionshouldbeattachedgreatimportancetoB．theglobaltrendofincreasingheightshouldbecloselywatchedC．children’spropernutritionandhealthcareshouldbeguaranteedD．theeconomicsituationofsomecountriesshouldbeimprovedPassage7HowDidWolfgangAmadeusMozartDie?OnNovember20th,1791,Mozartsuddenlycamedownwithfeverandwaswrackedwithpain.Hisarmsandlegswereseverelyswollen.Inthefollowingdayshishealthsignificantlydeteriorated.HediedonDecember5afterlapsingintoacoma.Thedeathcertificatestateshediedof“severemiliaryfever”.ExactlywhichdiseaseledtoMozart’sdeathhasbeenamysteryforthelast200years.SpeculationsManymyths—somemoreplausiblethanothers—entwine(纏繞)Mozart’searlydemise.Oneofthemostpopularmyths—thatMozartwaspoisonedbyhisrivalAntonioSalieri—rosetoprominenceduetothepopularityofthefilmAmadeus.ThistheoryissupportedbythefactthatMozarthadbeenlivingthroughaphaseofdepressionbeforehisdeath,sufferingfromparanoiaandexistentialfear.Mozarthimselfsuspectedthatthecauseofhisdeterioratinghealthwasbeingpoisonedoveralongtime.However,itishighlylikelythatthiswasjusthissubjectiveviewofreality.Manyotherspeculationscirculate.Syphilisandtrichinellosisarefrequentlymentioned.In1905,aFrenchphysicianassumeduricacidpoisoningduetoaneverfullyhealednephritis.In1961,leadpoisoningwassuggestedasapossiblecauseofdeath.ScientificattemptstoexplainMozart’sdeathIn2000,agroupofAmericanscientistsproposedrheumaticfevercausedbyastrepinfectionafterconductingmeticulousdetectivework.ThesymptomsstatedinliteratureandthereportsofMozart’scontemporariesyieldedtheclues.Withoutantibiotics,suchaninfectionwouldinevitablyleadtodeath.Rheumaticfevercausesaweakeningoftheheart,whichcouldexplainMozart’sswollenlimbs.In2009,theDutchscientistRichardZegersextensivelystudiedsurvivingdocumentsandconcludedthatMozarthadbeensufferingfrompharyngitis,athroatinfectionwithsymptomsincludingcramps,fever,rashesandaswollenneck.Mozart’ssister-in-lawSophieHaibelhaddescribedthesesymptoms.ThedeathregistryofViennaforwinter1791listsseveraldeathscausedbythisdisease.WhateverthecauseofMozart’sdeath,itcamefartooearly.LetusthankhimforhismanicurgetocreateartandrememberhimonDecember5th!24．Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“deteriorate”(Paragraph1)?A．Tobecomeworse. B．Tochangegreatly.C．Torecoverquickly. D．Tobeharmedrapidly.25．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．ItisgenerallybelievedthatMozartwaspoisonedbyhisfriend.B．Mozart’sdepressionparanoiaandexistentialfearledtohisdeath.C．Mozarthadbeenpoisonedsustainablyforalongtimebeforehedied.D．Mozartoncegotanephritisanditwasneverhealed.26．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Mozart’sdiseasewasrecordedincontemporaryliteratureandreports.B．Antibioticswerenotdiscoveredatthattime.C．Rheumaticfevercanonlybecausedbystrepinfection.D．Mozart’sillnesscannotbecuredeventoday.27．Whatistheauthor’spurposementioningMozart’ssister-in-law’swords?A．TobackuptheDutchman’sstudy.B．Toprovetheywerecommonsymptomscausingdeathin1791.C．ToproveMozartdidhavesuchsymptomsbeforehisdeath.D．ToemphasizeherspecialidentifyasawitnesstoMozart’sdeath.Passage8Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatoneofthebeststepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhealthistostepoutsideandspendsometimeinthegrass,dirtandwater.Ourancestorsenjoyedthehealingpowerofnature,andnowscientistsarestartingtocatchup.Researchershavedocumentedhowcontactwithnaturecandecreasementaltiredness,andenhancemoods,concentrationandproblem-solving.Justhavingaviewofnaturehasbeenshowntoimprovehospitalpatients’recoveryandreduceillnessrates.Exposuretotheopenair,horsebackriding,hiking,campingcanbehelpfulforavarietyofhealthconditionsinadultsandchildren.Muchofthistypeofresearchisfocusingonchildren,andinfactanentiremovementhasquicklydevelopedtoconnectkidswiththehealingpowerofnature.Obesity.Ratesofchildhood,adultobesityandrelatedconditionsincludingdiabetes(糖尿病)andheartdiseasehavegrowngreatlyinrecentyears,partlybecauseofreducingthetimeofoutdooractivities.Thisproblemcanbepartlyaddressedbyincreasingthetimestudentsspendlearningaboutnature,bothinandoutsidetheclassroom.Suchlessonsareoftenmoreengagingtostudentsandoftenleadthemtobecomemoreactiveoutside.Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)(注意力缺失癥).Anexposuretoordinarynaturalsettingsinthecourseofcommonafterschoolandweekendactivitiesmaybewidelyeffectiveinreducingattentionshortnesssymptoms(癥狀)inchildren.ParticipationingreenactivitieshelpsADHDpatientskeepfocusedandcompletetasks.Stress.Accesstonature,evenhouseplants,canhelpchildrendealwithstress.Depressionandseasonalemotionaldisorder.Majordepressionrequiresmedicaltreatment,butphysicalactivity,especiallythosedoneoutdoors,canhelpeasesymptoms.Stayinginthesunshineforjustafewminutescanalsohelpsupplybone-buildingvitaminD．Expertssaythatsimplywalkinginacityparkcanenjoynature’sbenefits.28．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantforyoutokeephealthy?A．Healthydiet. B．Exercises.C．Outdooractivities. D．Nosmoking.29．Theunderlinedword“enhance”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningtoA．improve B．a(chǎn)dd C．destroy D．control30．Fromthefirstparagraph,whatdoweknow?A．Peopledidn’tenjoythehealingpowerofnatureuntilrecentyears.B．Havingaviewofnatureistheonlywaytoimprovehealthconditions.C．Outdooractivitiesaregoodforpeople’shealth.D．Researchershavefoundoutwhatcausespeople’smentaltirednessandillness.31．TheeffectsofoutdooractivitiesincludeFXCEPT_________.A．HelpingpeopletocontrolstressB．helpingchildrentoincreasethevitaminDlevelC．helpingpeopletoreducethesymptomsofADHDD．helpingscientiststobelievetheratesofadultobesityandthehealingpoweroftheopenairPassage9Imagineafuturewheresciencehascreatedyourtwin.Notaflesh-and-bloodtwin,butonethatrecreatesyourfleshandblood,yourbones,yourheart,yourbrain—yourwholebody,infact—asanextremelycomplicatedcomputermodel.Yourdoctorscanusethisdigitaltwintoworkouthowyouwillrespondtoaparticulardrugormedicalprocedure.Theycanevenlookfurtherintothefuture,creatinga“healthcast”,toforecastwhatdiseasesmighthappentoyouorhowyourlifestylewillaffectyourhealthasyouage.Itistheultimateinpersonalizedmedicine.ThisistheboldvisionsetoutinVirtualYou:HowbuildingyourdigitaltwinwillrevolutionizemedicineandchangeyourlifebyPeterCoveney,directoroftheCentreforComputationalScience,andRogerHighfield,sciencedirectoroftheScienceMuseumGroup,UK.Digitaltwinsarealreadyinwidespreaduseinindustriessuchascivilengineering.Butthesemodelsystemsaremuchsimplerthanthecomplexhumanbody.Imagineallthepartsthatcometogethertomakeyouwork:fromthe3billionlettersofyourgenome(基因組),thenumerousmolecules(分子)thatmakeupyourcells,thetrillionsofcellsbuildingyourtissuesandorgans,andtheenvironmenthavingitsinputtoo.Now,imaginetryingtocreateamodelofthisthatismadetoeachuniqueindividualandthatpredictsthechangesthatwilltakeplaceoveralifetime.Thisiseasiersaidthandone.Changesinthesystemsbiologistswanttodescribeareusuallydifferentfromwhatmathematiciansdescribeas“non-linear”(非線性的).Anothercomplicationis“emergence”:wherethewholeofasystemisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.Thiscomplexitychallengesmathematicsandpushescomputingtothelimittoo.Butgettingtothenextlevel—awholehumanindividual—isgoingtorequireyetmoredataandarevolutionincomputingtechnologyfarbeyondwhatiscurrentlypossible.Whetherwewillgetthereisanopenquestion,butVirtualYoushowsuswhatscientistsfromdifferentfieldscanachievewhentheyallworktogether.32．Whatbelearnedaboutyourscience-madetwinaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Yourtwinlooksjustlikeyou.B．Yourtwinknowsyourthoughts.C．Yourtwinexistsonthecomputer.D．YourtwiniscreatedoutofyourDNA．33．Whyisitdifficulttobuildadigitaltwin?A．Humanbodyismorecomplicatedthanmodels.B．Digitaltwinsarenotwidelyusedinindustries.C．Scientistslackenoughdatainbuildingit.D．Mathematiciansandbiologistsholddifferentopinions.34．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheideaofadigitaltwin?A．Optimistic.B．Uncertain.C．Unconcerned.D．Skeptical.35．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tostressthenecessityofdigitaltwins.B．Toshowtheeffectsofdigitaltwinsonfuturehealth.C．Toexplainthebuildingofdigitaltwinsinhealth.D．Tointroducenewtreatmentsfordiseasesinthefuture.Passage10Cangettingadoghelppeoplelivelonger?Dogownershipisassociatedwithareducedriskforheartrelateddiseaseanddeath,findsanewSwedishstudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.Forpeoplelivingalone,owningadogcandecreasetheirriskofdeathby33%andtheirriskofheartrelateddeathby36%,whencomparedtosingleindividualswithoutapet,accordingtothestudy.Chancesofaheartattackwerealsofoundtobe11%lower.Multi-personhouseholdownersalsosawbenefits,thoughtoalesserextent.Riskofdeathamongthesedogownersfellby11%andtheirchancesofheart-relateddeathwere15%lower.Buttheirriskofaheartattackwasnotreducedbyowningadog.Asasingledogowner,anindividualistheonlypersonwalkingandinteractingwiththeirpet,whichmaycontributetogreaterprotectionfromheart-relateddiseaseanddeath,saidthestudy.“Weknowthatdogownersingeneralhaveahigherlevelofphysicalactivity.whichcouldbeoneexplanationtotheobserveresults,”saidFall,authorofthestudy.Thefindingsalsosuggestincreasedsocialwell-beingandimmunesystemdevelopmentasadditionalreasonswhydogownershipoffersprotectionagainstheart-relateddiseaseanddeath.Fallbelievesthatwhiletheirs