句型（講義）人教PEP版英語六年級下冊

小升初英語PEP版第一輪總復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)專題精講專題8—句型考點(diǎn)解密考點(diǎn)解密本專題講解陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句的基本構(gòu)成方式和表達(dá)方式；陳述句、疑問句這兩種句型間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換；therebe句型的結(jié)構(gòu)及其特殊疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換。本專題的考查重點(diǎn)是陳述句中簡單句的基本形式；根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柧鋵Ξ嬀€部分提問。常考題型有選擇題、改錯題、句型轉(zhuǎn)換?？键c(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備區(qū)考點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備區(qū)考點(diǎn)1：陳述句考點(diǎn)1：陳述句類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句①主語+實(shí)義動詞+賓語+其他.Thatlittleboyalwayshelpsothers.那個小男孩總是幫助別人。②主語+系動詞+表語.Iamveryhappy.我非常幸福。否定句①主語+be動詞+not+其他.Tomwasnotathomeyesterday.昨天湯姆不在家。②主語+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+not+實(shí)義動詞+其他Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜歡英語。??典型例題例1：請把肯定句改為否定句。Jimlikeseatingapples.【答案】Jimdoesn'tlikeeatingapples.【方法點(diǎn)撥】肯定句變否定句時要注意謂語動詞。題中的謂語動詞like是實(shí)義動詞，變否定句時需要用到助動詞，因主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以用does,再加not,后接動詞原形。考點(diǎn)2：疑問句考點(diǎn)2：疑問句??一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)例句①be+主語+表語?—Areyouateacher?—Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot你是一名老師嗎?是的，我是。/不，我不是。②情態(tài)動詞+主語+行為動詞(或be)?—Canyousing?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican't你會唱歌嗎?是的，我會。/不，我不會。③助動詞(do,does,did)+主語+行為動詞?—Didyouhaveadreamlastnight?—Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.你昨晚做夢了嗎?是的，做了。/不，沒做。??特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)例句①特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句+其他?—Whatisthis?—It'sacat.這是什么?這是一只貓。②疑問詞(作主語)+謂語動詞+其他?—Whoareyouwaitingfor?—Mymother.你在等誰?我媽媽。??選擇疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)例句①一般疑問句+or+可選擇部分?—Doyouliketeaorcoffee?—Coffee你喜歡茶還是咖啡?咖啡。②特殊疑問句+可選擇部分+or+可選擇部分?—Whichgirlismoreclever,TinaorBelly?—Tina哪個女孩更聰明，蒂娜還是貝利?蒂娜。??典型例題例2：—Issheateacherorastudent?—A.Yes,sheis.B.No,sheisn't.C.Yes,she'sastudent.D.Astudent.【答案】D【方法點(diǎn)撥】先判斷問句為哪種類型的疑問句，根據(jù)or可以判斷這是個選擇疑問句，回答這種問句時既不能用“Yes”,也不能用“No”,而是要從ateacher或者astudent中選擇一個回答?？键c(diǎn)3：祈使句考點(diǎn)3：祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定①動詞原形(+賓語)+其他成分.Pleasehaveaseat.請坐。②Be+表語(名詞或形容詞)+其他成分Becareful!小心點(diǎn)!③Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分.Letmehelpyou.我?guī)湍惆?。否定①在句首加don't。Don'tforgetme!別忘記我!②用no開頭，表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸煙!??典型例題例3：將肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň洹equiet.【答案】Don'tbequiet.【方法點(diǎn)撥】祈使句的否定形式一般是在原來的動詞前面加don’t。考點(diǎn)4：感嘆句考點(diǎn)4：感嘆句類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句①What+a(an)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語(主語和謂語可省略)!Whatafinedayitis!天氣真好!②What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語(主語和謂語可省略)!Whatnicemusic!好棒的音樂!由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句How+形容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語!Howfineitistoday!今天天氣很好!??典型例題例4：寫出同義句。Hownicethebookis!【答案】Whatanicebookitis!【方法點(diǎn)撥】由what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。轉(zhuǎn)換時注意不同的句型結(jié)構(gòu)?？键c(diǎn)5：Therebe句型考點(diǎn)5：Therebe句型類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句基本句型①Thereis+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.Thereisabookonthedesk.書桌上有一本書。②Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語Therearesomebooksonthedesk.書桌上有一些書。變否定句在be后加上not。Therearen'tanypicturesonthewall.墻上沒有照片。變一般疑問句把be動詞提到句首，當(dāng)肯定句中有some時，要將其改為any。Isthereanywateronthetable?桌上有水嗎???典型例題例5：Thereabedandtwochairsinthebedroom.A.isB.areC.amD.be【答案】A【方法點(diǎn)撥】在therebe句型中，如果主語是由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的名詞，be的形式要遵循就近原則。也就是說，be的形式是由離它最近的那個名詞決定的。若該名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。本句的主語是abedandtwochairs,最靠近be的abed是單數(shù)形式，故此處填is。考點(diǎn)過關(guān)區(qū)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)區(qū)精編?？家卓歼^關(guān)檢測試題班級姓名第一層：基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)題※陳述句專項練習(xí)※一、選擇填空。()1.Heswimsvery.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best()2.Hegivesaknifeme.A./B.toC.forD.at()3.Theteagood.A.soundB.tasteC.soundsD.tastes()4.Heboughtabookme.A.toB./C.forD.in.()5.Ihisname.A.donotknowB.noknowC.knownotD.knowno二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thegirlissingingintheclassroom.(改為否定句)2.Ihaveadeskandachair.(用he作主語改寫句子)3.Hedidhishomeworkintheclassroom.(改為否定句)4.Tomrunsfast.Irunfaster(兩句合并成一句)5.TheyareAmericancars.(改為單數(shù)句)※疑問句專項練習(xí)※三、在橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~1.—istheboyinblue?—He'sMike.2.—istheputer?—It'sunderthechair.3.—isChildren'sDay?—It'sonthe1stofJune.4.—isittoday?.—ItsMonday.5.—isyourcousin?—He's15yearsold.四、將下列陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?.HisfatherisanEnglishteacher.2.Theycanswim.3.HelikesEnglish.4.Igotoschoolonfoot.5.Youareasinger.五、用do,does,be的適當(dāng)形式填空1.—sheknowalltheanswers?—Yes,she./No,she.2.—thetwinsoftenfight?—Yes,they./No,they.3.—sheateacher?一Yes,she./No,she.4.—youastudent?—Yes,I./No,I.※反意疑問句和祈使句專項練習(xí)※六、完成下列反意疑問句1.It'sveryhottoday,?2.HecanspeakChinese,?3.Meimeistudiesinamiddleschool,?4.Let'sgoshopping,?5.MikelikesEnglish,?七、選擇合適的詞填空BeLet'sDoDon'tStopNoHave1.Pleasewaitforme.walksofast.2.quiet,please.3.talking.Classbegins.4goshoppingnow.5.agoodtime.6.sitstraight.7.parking.※感嘆句專項練習(xí)※八、選擇填空()1.clevertheboyis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa()2.excitingsportitistogobikeriding!A.WhataB.WhatanC.WhatD.How()3.theyhadwitheachotheroveracupofcoffee!A.Howfun;chattingB.Whatfun;chattingC.Whatafun;chattingD.Whatafun;chatted()4.lovelythepandais!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()5.abeautifulcar!I'veneverseenitbefore.A.WhatB.WhichC.HowD.Whether()6.funitistohaveicecreaminhotsummer!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()7.lovelydog!A.HowB.WhataC.WhatD.Howa()8.usefuladviceshegaveyou!Youshouldlistentoher.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata九、用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成下列感嘆句1.difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!2.cutedogitis!3.interestingthestoryis!4.badtheweatherinEnglandis!5.honestboyTomis!6.tastysmellthecakegaveoff!7.goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!8.excitingnewsyou'vebroughtus!9.coolyournewcaris!10.lovelythesetigersare!十、將下列句子改為感嘆句1.Theboyswamveryfast.theboyswam!2.Theschooltripisveryexciting.theschooltripis!3.Heilongjianglooksverybeautifulinwinter.Heilongjianglooksinwinter!4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary.dictionaryitis!dictionaryis!5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.thestudentsarelistening!※Therebe句型專項練習(xí)※十一、用be動詞的正確形式填空1.Thereapianoagainstthewall.2.Theresomeflowersonthedesk.3.Theresometeainthecup.4.TheretwotinsofCokeinthebag.5.Therethreebuildingsandabeautifulgardeninourschool.6.Theresomemeat,somebreadandsomeapplesonthetable.7.Thereapictureandaclockonthewall.8.Thereafootballmatchinourschooltomorrow.十二、按要求改寫句子1.Therearetwentydesksinourclassroom.(對畫線部分提問)desksarethereinyourclassroom?2.Therearesometreesnearthehouse.(變成否定句)treesnearthehouse.3.Thereisabirdinthetee.(變成復(fù)數(shù)句)inthetree.4.Therearesomeeggsinthebox.(變成單數(shù)句)inthebox.5.Therearesomeapplesinthetree,(變成一般疑問句)inthetree?第二層：拓展提升題一、根據(jù)句意及單詞首字母提示填單詞,完成下列句子1.Hisgrandfatherisaw.2.Mikeisgoodatfkites.3.ThestudentsofClass2runfthanthestudentsofClass1.4.Thisshirtismine.'Thatoneish.5.It'sChildren'sDay.Allthestudentsareverye.二、用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子1.She(be)apupilofGradeOne.2.Wehavea(wind)daytoday.3.Myoldbikeis(break).4.I(notgo)toworkonfoot.5.I'm(eat)now.6.Jenny(go)outfiveminutesago.7.Whatcolorare(LiMing)shoes?8.HerbirthdayisMaythe(five).9.Be(care)!10.Thisisan(interest)story.三、選擇合適的疑問詞填空howhowlonghowoldhowmuchhowmany1.—isyourmothernow?—Sheisverywell.2.—boyscanyouseeintheclassroom?一Twenty.3.—areyou?一I''meleven.4.—willyoustayhere?一About5days..5.—isyourskirt?一55yuan.四、用thereis,thereare,have或has的適當(dāng)形式填空1.anybreadinthekitchen?2.somebooksandapencilboxinthedesk.3.Miketwopensinhisbag.4.CanIsomejuice,please?.5.apencilboxandanybooksinthedesk?6.Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.7.manychildrenonthehill.8.Myfatherastorybook.五、選擇填空()1.1like.Ilikekites.A.tree;flyingB.tree;flyC.trees;flyingD.trees;fly()2.MyfatherwatchingTV.Idoingmyhomework.A.is;areB.are;amC.is;amD.am;am()3.Theresomebooks,apenandaruleronthedesk.A.areB.wasC.beD.is()4.agoodboyheis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata()5.—Doyougotoschoolbybusoronfoot?—A.Yes,Ido.B.No,Idon't.C.Onfoot.D.Byfoot.六、連詞成句1.drawing,she,too,pictures,likes(.)2.to,year,we,last,went,Canada(.)3.say,it's,to,time,goodbye,friends,my,to(.)4.they,what,in,are,going,do,Beijing,to(?)5.would,party,you,like,the,to,e,to(?)七、圈出下列句子的錯誤之處并改錯1.Iliveinchina.2.Whatishedonow?3.What'scoloristhepencil?4.Ilikeapairshoes.5.Howareyoufeel?6.Howmanyfootsdoyouhave?7.What'sshename?八、根據(jù)畫線部分提問1.Ilikesummer,becauseIlikeswimming.2.Ilikewinter.3.Ihavefourfriendshere.4.Shecleanedtheroomafterbreakfast.5.Iwanttogohomebytrain.6.HelivesinAmerica.九、把下列句子變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式1.Thereisanappleonthetable.2.Isitadog?3.Thechildlikesplaying.4.Thisisaknife..5.Thisisapairofsocks.6.Thatisanicedress.十、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.What'sthematter?2.It'slunchtime.3.MayIhelpyou?4.Hewalkstoschooleveryday.5.Theschoolisn'tnearourhome.6.Whereareyoufrom?十一、把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň?.LilyreadsEnglishinthemorning.2.Theyarelisteningtotheteacher.3.Hewasatschoollastyear.4.TheycanspeakChinese.5.Tomhastogotobedat10:00p.m.6.Thestudentsplayedfootballafterschool.十二、把下列句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?.Heisathome.2.Amyreadbookslastevening,3.Shecandraw.4.Youmustgotobedat10:00p.m.5.Thereisabookinthedesk.6.TheywillplaychessonFriday,參考答案第一層：基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)題一、1.B2.B3.D4.C5.A二、1.Thegirlisn'tsingingintheclassroom.解析：含有be動詞的肯定句變否定句,在be動詞后加not。2.Hehasadeskandachair.解析：he是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞have要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式has。3.Hedidn’tdohishomeworkintheclassroom.解析：含實(shí)義動詞的肯定句變否定句需要借助助動詞do/does/did,其后加not,后接動詞原形。由did可知時態(tài)為一般過去時，故用didn't4.IrunfasterthanTom.5.ItisanAmericancar.三、1.Who2.Where3.When4.Whatday5.Howold四、1.IshisfatheranEnglishteacher?解析：肯定句變一般疑問句，be動詞提到句首。2.Cantheyswim?解析：情態(tài)動詞“can”提到句首。3.DoeshelikeEnglish?解析：含實(shí)義動詞的肯定句變疑問句需要借助助動詞，結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞do/does主語+動詞原形+其他”。本句主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，故助動詞用does.4.Doyougotoschoolonfoot?解析：助動詞用do,I變you。5.Areyouasinger?解析：含be動詞的一般疑問句是把be動詞放在句首。五、1.Does;does;doesn't2.Do;do;don't3.Is;is;isn't4.Are;am;amnot六、1.isn'tit2.can'the3.doesn'tshe4.shallwe5.doesn'the七、1.Don't解析：否定祈使句結(jié)構(gòu):don'tnever+動詞原形。2.Be3.Stop4.Let's解析：表示提議的句子常用祈使句型“l(fā)et's…”來引導(dǎo),其后接動詞原形。5.Have解析：固定詞組，意為“玩得開心”。6.Do解析：動詞前加do表強(qiáng)調(diào)。7.No解析：“No+動詞ing”意為“禁止…”八、1.A2.B3.B4.B5.A6.C7.B8.C九、1.What2.Whata3.How4.How5.Whatan6.What7.Whata8.What9.How10.How十、1.Howfast2.Howexciting3.Howbeautiful4.Whatauseful;Howusefulthe5.Howcarefully十一、1.is2.are3.is解析：tea為不可數(shù)名詞。4.are5.are解析：當(dāng)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語是兩個或兩個以上名詞時，be動詞的數(shù)要和離它最近的那個名詞的數(shù)保持一致。6.is7.is8.willbe十二、1.Howmany2.Therearen'tany3.Therearesomebirds4.Thereisanegg5.Arethereanyapples第二層：拓展提升題一、1.worker2.flying3.faster4.his5.excited解析：excited意為“感到激動的”，修飾人。二、1.is2.windy3.broken4.don'tgo5.eating6.went7.LiMing's8.fifth9.careful10.interesting三、1.How解析：詢問身體情況用疑問詞how。2.Howmany解析：詢問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量用howmany。3.Howold解析：詢問年齡用howold。4.Howlong解析：詢問多長時間用howlong。5.Howmuch解析：詢問價錢用howmuch。四、1.Isthere解析：bread是不可數(shù)名詞。2.Thereare3.has解析：have第三人稱單數(shù)為has。4.have5.Isthere6.have7.Thereare解析：children是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。8.has解析：myfather是第三人稱單數(shù)。五、1.C解析：復(fù)數(shù)名詞前用零冠詞表示類別;likedoingsth.表示喜歡做某事。2.C解析：myfather是第三人稱單數(shù)，be動詞用is;I是第一人稱，be動詞用am。3.A解析：therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中be動詞的數(shù)