大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖課件

TheTelencephalon山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室李振華1可編輯課件PPTExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior2可編輯課件PPTThreeprincipalsulci

Centralsulcus

中央溝Lateralsulcus外側(cè)溝Parietooccipitalsulcus頂枕溝CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcus3可編輯課件PPT

Fivelobes

Frontallobe額葉Parietallobe頂葉Temporallobe顳葉Occipitallobe枕葉Insularlobe島葉FrontallobeParietallobeOccipitallobeTemporallobeInsularlobe4可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:

Precentralsulcus中央前溝Superiorfrontalsulcus額上溝Inferiorfrontalsulcus額下溝Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus額上回Middlefrontalgyrus額中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus額下回5可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

6可編輯課件PPTParietallobe:

Postcentralsulcus中央后溝

Postcentralgyrus中央后回

Intraparietalsulcus頂內(nèi)溝

Superiorparietallobule頂上小葉

Inferiorparietallobule頂下小葉

Supramarginalgyrus緣上回

Angulargyrus角回7可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Intraparietalsulcus8可編輯課件PPTTemporallobe:

Superiortemporalsulcus顳上溝Inferiortemporalsulcus顳下溝Superiortemporalgyrus顳上回

Middletemporalgyrus顳中回

Inferiortemporalgyrus顳下回

Transversetemporalgyri顳橫回9可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

10可編輯課件PPTTransversetemporalgyri11可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

12可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum胼胝體

Callosalsulcus胼胝體溝

Cingulatesulcus扣帶溝Cingulategyrus扣帶回Marginalramus緣支Paracentrallobule中央旁小葉Calcarinesulcus距狀溝Cuneus楔葉

Lingualgyrus舌回13可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum

Callosalsulcus

cingulategyrus

Cingulatesulcus

Marginalramus

Paracentrallobule

Calcarinesulcus

CuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrus14可編輯課件PPTSulciandgyriofinferiorsurface

Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束

Olfactorytrigone嗅三角

Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿質(zhì)

Collateralsulcus側(cè)副溝

Occipitotemporalsulcus枕顳溝

Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳內(nèi)側(cè)回

Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳外側(cè)回

Hippocampalsulcus海馬溝

Parahippocampalgyrus海馬旁回Uncus鉤

Hippocampus海馬Dentategyrus齒狀回

Hippocampalformation

海馬結(jié)構(gòu)15可編輯課件PPTInferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb

Olfactorytract

Olfactorytrigone

Anteriorperforatedsubstance

Collateralsulcus

OccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri

Parahippocampalgyrus

Uncus

16可編輯課件PPTHippocampusDentategyrus

Hippocampalformation

17可編輯課件PPTHistologyofthecerebralcortexArchicortex原皮質(zhì)

(hippocampalformation海馬結(jié)構(gòu))

Paleocortex古皮質(zhì)(rhinencephalon嗅腦)Neocortex新皮質(zhì)(mostofcerebralcortex)3celllayers6celllayers18可編輯課件PPT19可編輯課件PPTFunctionallocationofcerebralcortex20可編輯課件PPTFirstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運動區(qū)Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule21可編輯課件PPTFirstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運動區(qū)Characters

Representationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements22可編輯課件PPTFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺區(qū)Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule23可編輯課件PPTFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺區(qū)CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody24可編輯課件PPTAuditoryarea聽區(qū)LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears25可編輯課件PPTVisualarea視區(qū)LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections26可編輯課件PPTVestibulararea平衡覺區(qū):locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅覺區(qū):locatedneartheuncusTastearea味覺區(qū):locatedatfrontaloperculum27可編輯課件PPTLanguagearea語言中樞Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea

運動性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea

書寫中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea

聽覺性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea

視覺性語言中樞LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia28可編輯課件PPTLateralventricle

側(cè)腦室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructures29可編輯課件PPTCommunicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricle30可編輯課件PPTBasalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatum紋狀體Lentiformnucleus豆狀核

Caudatenucleus尾狀核Claustrum屏狀核Amygdaloidbody杏仁體Globuspallidus蒼白球putamen殼Neostriatum新紋狀體－paleostriatum舊紋狀體31可編輯課件PPT32可編輯課件PPTWhitematterAssociationfibers

聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維

RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大腦弓狀纖維Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上縱束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下縱束Uncinatefasciculus鉤束Cingulum扣帶33可編輯課件PPTCommissuralfibers連合纖維－runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝體:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前連合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆連合34可編輯課件PPTProjectionfibers投射纖維:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibers

InternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus35可編輯課件PPT36可編輯課件PPTThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內(nèi)囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內(nèi)囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pontinetract,acousticradiationandop