預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土工程施工安全技術(shù)交底內(nèi)容應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)清單

預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土工程施工安全技術(shù)交底內(nèi)容應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)清單

1．先張法施工的安全要求

(1)張拉時(shí)，張拉工具與預(yù)應(yīng)力筋應(yīng)在一條直線上；頂緊錨塞時(shí)，用力不要過猛，以防鋼絲折斷；擰緊螺母時(shí)，應(yīng)注意壓力表讀數(shù)，一定要保持所需的張拉力。

(2)預(yù)應(yīng)力筋放張的順序應(yīng)按下列要求進(jìn)行：

1)軸心受預(yù)壓的構(gòu)件(如拉桿、樁等)，所有預(yù)應(yīng)力筋應(yīng)同時(shí)放張。

2)偏心受預(yù)壓的構(gòu)件(如梁等)，應(yīng)先同時(shí)放張預(yù)壓力較小區(qū)域的預(yù)應(yīng)力筋，然后放張預(yù)壓力較大區(qū)域的預(yù)應(yīng)力筋。

(3)切斷鋼絲時(shí)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格測(cè)定鋼絲向混凝土內(nèi)的回縮情況，且應(yīng)先從靠近生產(chǎn)線中間處切斷，然后再按剩下段的中點(diǎn)處逐次切斷。

(4)臺(tái)座兩端應(yīng)設(shè)有防護(hù)設(shè)施，并在張拉預(yù)應(yīng)力筋時(shí)，沿臺(tái)座長度方向每隔4～5m設(shè)置一個(gè)防護(hù)架，兩端嚴(yán)禁站人，更不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入臺(tái)座。

(5)預(yù)應(yīng)力筋放松時(shí)，混凝土強(qiáng)度必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，如無設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定時(shí)，則不得低于強(qiáng)度等級(jí)的70%。

(6)預(yù)應(yīng)力筋放張時(shí)，應(yīng)分階段、對(duì)稱、交錯(cuò)地進(jìn)行；對(duì)配筋多的鋼筋混凝土構(gòu)件，所有的鋼絲應(yīng)同時(shí)放松，嚴(yán)禁采用逐根放松的方法。

(7)放張時(shí)，應(yīng)拆除側(cè)模，保證放松時(shí)構(gòu)件能自由伸縮。

(8)預(yù)應(yīng)力筋的放張工作，應(yīng)緩慢進(jìn)行，防止沖擊。若用乙炔或電弧切割時(shí)，應(yīng)采取隔熱措施，嚴(yán)防燒傷構(gòu)件端部混凝土。

(9)電弧切割時(shí)的地線應(yīng)搭在切割點(diǎn)附近，嚴(yán)禁搭在另一頭，以防過電后使預(yù)應(yīng)力筋伸張?jiān)斐蓱?yīng)力損失。

(10)鋼絲的回縮值，冷拔低碳鋼絲不應(yīng)大于0．6mm，碳素鋼絲不應(yīng)大于1．2mm，測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)不得超過上列數(shù)值規(guī)定的20%。

2．后張法(無粘結(jié)預(yù)應(yīng)力)施工的安全要求

(1)孔道直徑：

1)粗鋼筋，其孔道直徑應(yīng)比預(yù)應(yīng)力筋直徑、鋼筋對(duì)焊接頭處外徑、需穿過孔道的錨具或連接器外徑大10～15mm，見下表。

冷拉Ⅱ一Ⅳ鋼筋孔道直徑

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"冷拉Ⅱ～Ⅲ鋼筋style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"冷拉Ⅳ鋼筋style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"錨具型號(hào)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"孔道直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LMl2～16style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"40style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LMl8～22style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"45style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LM25～32style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"50style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"JM2—3～4style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"50style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"JM2—5～6style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"60

2)鋼絲或鋼絞線：其孔道應(yīng)比預(yù)應(yīng)力束外徑大5—10mm，其孔道面積應(yīng)大于預(yù)應(yīng)筋面積的兩倍，見下表。

φ<sups</sup碳素鋼絲束孔道直徑style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"鋼絲束根數(shù)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"12style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"14style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"16style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"18style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"20style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"24style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"28style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"鋼質(zhì)錐形錨具style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"GZ12style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"GZ18style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"GZ24style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"孔道直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"40style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"45style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"53style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"鐓頭錨具型號(hào)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"DM5－12～14style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"DM5—16～18style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"DM5—20～24style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"DM5—28style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"中間孔道直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"40style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"45style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"50style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"55style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"端部擴(kuò)孔直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"60style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"68style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"76style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"83style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"錐形螺桿錨具style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LZ5—14style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LZ5—16style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LZ5—20style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LZ5—24style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"LZ5—28style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"中間孔道直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"50style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"53style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"56style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"63style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"70style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"端部擴(kuò)孔直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"65style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"70style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"75style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"83style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"89φ<supj</sup鋼絞線束孔道直徑表style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"鋼絞線束根數(shù)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"4style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"5style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"6style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"7style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"8style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"9style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"12style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"JM型錨具型號(hào)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"孔道直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XM型錨具型號(hào)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"中間孔道直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"端部擴(kuò)孔直徑(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"端部擴(kuò)孔長度(mm)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"JMl5—4style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"50style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XMl5—4style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"50style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"75style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"240style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XMl5—5style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"55style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"85style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"320style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"JM15—6style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"65style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XMl5—6style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"65style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"95style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"340style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XMl5—7style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"65style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"95style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"340style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XMl5—8style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"70style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"110style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"390style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XMl5—9style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"75style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"120style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"500style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"

style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"XMl5—12style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"85style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"135style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"5003)預(yù)應(yīng)力筋孔道之間的凈距不應(yīng)小于25mm；孔道至構(gòu)件邊緣的凈距不應(yīng)小于25mm，且不應(yīng)小于孔道直徑的一半；凡需起拱的構(gòu)件，預(yù)留孔道宜隨構(gòu)件同時(shí)起拱。

(2)在構(gòu)件兩端及跨中應(yīng)設(shè)置灌漿孔，其孔距不應(yīng)大于12m。

(3)采用分批張拉時(shí)，先批張拉的預(yù)應(yīng)力筋，其張拉應(yīng)力σcon應(yīng)增加αβσhp(αβ—預(yù)應(yīng)力筋和混凝土的彈性模量比值。σhp—張拉后批預(yù)應(yīng)力筋時(shí)，在其重心處預(yù)應(yīng)力對(duì)混凝土所產(chǎn)生的法向應(yīng)力)?；蛘呙颗捎猛粡埨担缓笾鸶鶑?fù)拉補(bǔ)足。

(4)曲線預(yù)應(yīng)力筋和長度大于24m的直線預(yù)應(yīng)力筋，應(yīng)在兩端張拉，長度等于或小于24m的直線預(yù)應(yīng)力筋，可在一端張拉，但張拉端宜分別設(shè)置在構(gòu)件的兩端。

(5)平臥重疊構(gòu)件的張拉，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同預(yù)應(yīng)力筋與不同隔離劑的平臥重疊構(gòu)件逐層增加其張拉力的百分率，見下表。對(duì)于大型或重要工程應(yīng)在正式張拉前至少必須實(shí)測(cè)二堆屋架的各層壓縮值，然后計(jì)算出各層應(yīng)增加的張拉力百分率。

平臥疊層澆筑構(gòu)件逐層增加的張拉力百分率style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"應(yīng)力筋類別style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"隔離劑類別style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"逐層增加的張拉力(％)style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"頂層style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"第二層style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"第三層style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"底層style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"高強(qiáng)鋼絲束style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"Ⅰstyle="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"Ⅱstyle="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"Ⅲstyle="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"1.0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"1.5style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"2.0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"2.0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"3.0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"3.5style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"3.0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"4.0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"5.0style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"Ⅱ級(jí)冷拉鋼筋style="margin:0cm0cm0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"Ⅰstyle="margin:0cm0cm0pt;tex