2023-2024學年高考英語變化規(guī)則匯總講義素材

英語各類變化規(guī)則匯總目錄一名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)規(guī)則二動詞變第三人稱單數(shù)規(guī)則三單詞結(jié)尾雙寫的規(guī)則四現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則五過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則六-ed結(jié)尾單詞的讀音規(guī)則七比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則八基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的規(guī)則九形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則十人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞一名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)規(guī)則一般情況下直接加s;apple--apples2.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的加es;boss,box,watch,dish,例外：stomach加s.3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,y變i加es;baby,city,family,story.toy,boy,day,ray.（“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的直接加s）4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾的,變f或fe為v，再加es;knife,thief,wife,life,leaf,wolf,half,shelf,self,handkerchief(手帕)（也可直接加s）例外：belief,roof,cliff,proof,chief,gulf直接加s5.以o結(jié)尾加es的有“黑人英雄愛吃土豆西紅柿”;其他以o結(jié)尾加s加-es：兩人：Negro黑人hero英雄兩菜：potato土豆tomato西紅柿加-s：piano,radio,photo,kilo,bamboo,zoo加-es和-s均可：火山volcano蚊子mosquito6.oo變ee的有：foot—feet腳，英尺tooth---teeth牙齒goose---geese鵝7.man,woman及其合成詞，把a變e;awomandoctor→twowomendoctors.8.單復數(shù)同形的有：fish魚，deer鹿，sheep綿羊，means方式，species物種，series系列。-ese結(jié)尾且表示人的名詞，如：Chinese中國人，Japanese日本人;9.特殊變化：child→children孩子ox→oxen牛mouse→mice老鼠，耗子某個國家的人變復數(shù)：“中日不變英法變，其余s加后面”Chinese—Chinese中國人，Japanese—Japanese日本人Frenchman—Frenchmen法國人，Englishman—Englishmen英國人German—Germans德國人，American—Americans美國人二動詞變第三人稱單數(shù)規(guī)則（什么時候使用第三人稱單數(shù)？答：現(xiàn)在時態(tài)里，當主語不是I、You、復數(shù)的時候）1.一般情況下直接加s;如：like--likesplay--playswork--workswrite--writes以s,x,ch,sh，o結(jié)尾的加es;如：watch--watchesbrush--brusheswash--washesgo--goesdo--does3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,改y為i加es;如：fly--fliesstudy--studiescarry--carries4.不規(guī)則變化have--has;be--is三單詞結(jié)尾雙寫規(guī)則重讀閉音節(jié)（輔元輔）。雙寫后可加-ing,-er,-est,-ed,-y,-able,-ar,-enforget→forgettingbegin→beginner,prefer→preferred,referred,starred,fog→foggy,sun→sunny,fat—fatter,slim--slimmerthin—thinnerbeg→beggar不雙寫：grow,stay,fix,offer,open四現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則一般情況下直接加-ing;如:study--studying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加-ing;make--making符合雙寫規(guī)則的,雙寫加-ing;run--running4.tie,die,lie把ie變y再加-ing;die—dyingtie--tyinglie--lying五過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則一般情況下直接加-ed;如：work--worked以e結(jié)尾的直接加-d;如：stay--stayed符合雙寫規(guī)則的,雙寫加-ed;如：stop--stoppedspot--spottedoccur--occurred以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,y變i加-ed;如：study—studied六-ed的讀音規(guī)則1.在元音和濁輔音后讀/d/;如：played,stayed,proved,watered2.在清輔音后讀/t/;如：helped,laughed，worked3.在/t//d/后讀/id/;如：wanted,visited,needed,landed七比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則一般情況下直接加-er，-est；fast—faster--fastest2.以e結(jié)尾的直接加-r，-st;large—larger--largest3.符合雙寫規(guī)則的,雙寫加-er，-est;thin—thinner--thinnest4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,y變i加-er，-est;healthy—healthier--healthiest5.多音節(jié)（≥3）和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在原級前加more，themost;6.不規(guī)則變化：多少好壞老遠多：many/much---more---most少：little ---less---least（+不可數(shù)名詞）好：good/well---better---best壞：bad/badly/ill ---worse ---worst老：old---elder/older---eldest/oldest遠：far---farther/further---farthest/furthest八基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣基變序，一二三，單獨記one--first,two--second,three--third,

-th從四起four--fourth,six--sixth,八去t，九去eeight--eighth,nine--ninth

遇ve用f替five--fifth,twelve--twelfth,

ty要變tietwenty--twentieth,九形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則一般情況下在形容詞尾直接加-ly如：complete--completely2.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，把y變i,再加-ly,例外：shy--shyly，dry--dryly3.形容詞和副詞同形的有：early,late,far,only,last,first,fast,hard,straight,daily,better,best,much,more,most,left,right,alone,likely4.以-le結(jié)尾的，去掉e加y變成副詞如：simple-simply;terrible-terribly;horrible-horrible；single-singly;gentle-gently;possible-possibly5.以ic

結(jié)尾的詞，加ally

如：economic--economicallybasic--basically;

scientific--scientifically;

automatic--automatically;

energetic--energetically;

例外：public-publicly

6.特別注意：true--trulywhole--wholly人稱代詞物主代詞（……的）反身代詞（……自己）主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)我Imemyminemyself復數(shù)我們weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)