人教版（2019） 選擇性必修 第三冊(cè) 英語(yǔ)階段性閱讀理解魔法帶練（04） 素材

【passage7】①I(mǎi)nLosAngeles,California,wheretemperaturestendtostaywarmyear-round,youcanfeelasignificantdifferenceinheatwhenyou’realongthecoastoroutsidethecitycomparedtowhenyou’reinhighly-populatedpartsofthecity.Thisphenomenon,knownastheurbanheatislandeffect,canmakedaytimetemperaturesinhighly-populatedareas1℉to7℉warmerthannearbyareas.LosAngelesisworkingtosettlethisissuebyapplyingaspecialpainton1millionsquarefeetofroadsinthecity.②TheGAFCoolCommunityProject,aninitiativebyroofingcompanyGAF,haspaintedroads,parkinglots,andevenplaygroundsintheLosAngelesneighborhoodofPacoimawiththesolar-reflectivepaint.GAFpartneredwithlocalorganizations,governmentsandscientistsfortheproject.③“PacoimaisoneofthehottestpartsofLosAngelesandhasn’tgottenthekindofinvestmentalotofothercommunitieshave,”saidJeffTerry,wholedtheproject.“Hopefullywe’regoingtomakethatisplacealittlebitmorelivablefortheresidents.”④ThepaintusesInvisibleShade,acoatingcreatedbyGAF-ownedcompany,StreetBond.InvisibleShadehasadditives(添加劑)thatreflectvisibleandinfrared(紅外線的)lighttoreduceheat.Thecoatingisavailablein14colorsorcanbecustomized.WhileinmostareasofPacoima,theappliedcoatingsaregray,theinitiativepartneredwithalocalartisttocreateuniquepatternsforsomeareas,likeplaygrounds,parkinglots,andabasketballcourt.⑤“Myfeetdofeelcooler:Yes!Youcaninstantlyfeelthedifferenceonthesoles(腳底)ofyourfeel,”saidMelanieTorres,aPacoimaresident.“Ithinkit’sgreat.PacoimaisoneofthelargesthotzonesinLAsowewerefortunatetobeselected.”⑥Theinitiativewillmonitortheneighborhoodtemperaturesoverthenexttwoyearstodetermineitseffectiveness.Ifsuccessful,morereflectivecoatingsmaybeappliedinotherneighborhoods.（素材來(lái)源：四川省宜賓市2023年秋期普通高中學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)試題）23．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisissue”inParagraph1referto?Thepollutedareas.B.Theintenseurbanheat.C.Thecrowdedurbanareas.D.Thefallingtemperature.24．Howdoesthepaintwork?A.Byabsorbingheat.B.Bycreatingshadows.C.Bymirroringlight.D.Bychangingroadcolors.25．HowdoesTorresfindthepaint?A.Itbringsdesiredeffects.B.Itisanadventurousidea.C.Itisashort-termsolution.D.Itneedsmoretestingtime.26．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Atheoryonanewtechnology.B.Aprojecttoimprovecitizens’lives.C.Anartaimingtobeautifycities.D.Astudyontheurbanheatislandeffect.【魔法帶練】串聯(lián)題干Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisissue”inParagraph1referto?Howdoesthepaintwork?HowdoesTorresfindthepaint?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?得出主題詞：油漆/油漆工作23．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisissue”inParagraph1referto?A.Thepollutedareas.污染地區(qū)B.Theintenseurbanheat.城市高溫（段落主旨句）C.Thecrowdedurbanareas.擁擠的市區(qū)D.Thefallingtemperature.秋季氣溫①I(mǎi)nLosAngeles,California,wheretemperaturestendtostaywarmyear-round,youcanfeelasignificantdifferenceinheatwhenyou’realongthecoastoroutsidethecitycomparedtowhenyou’reinhighly-populatedpartsofthecity.Thisphenomenon,knownastheurbanheatislandeffect,canmakedaytimetemperaturesinhighly-populatedareas1℉to7℉warmerthannearbyareas.LosAngelesisworkingtosettlethisissuebyapplyingaspecialpainton1millionsquarefeetofroadsinthecity.24．Howdoesthepaintwork?A.Byabsorbingheat.通過(guò)吸收熱量。B.Bycreatingshadows.通過(guò)制造陰影C.Bymirroringlight.通過(guò)反射光線。D.Bychangingroadcolors.通過(guò)改變道路顏色②TheGAFCoolCommunityProject,aninitiativebyroofingcompanyGAF,haspaintedroads,parkinglots,andevenplaygroundsintheLosAngelesneighborhoodofPacoimawiththesolar-reflectivepaint.（太陽(yáng)反射涂料）GAFpartneredwithlocalorganizations,governmentsandscientistsfortheproject.25．HowdoesTorresfindthepaint?A.Itbringsdesiredeffects.它帶來(lái)了預(yù)期的效果。B.Itisanadventurousidea.這是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)的想法C.Itisashort-termsolution.這是一個(gè)短期的解決方案D.Itneedsmoretestingtime.它需要更多的測(cè)試時(shí)間。⑤“Myfeetdofeelcooler:Yes!Youcaninstantlyfeelthedifferenceonthesoles(腳底)ofyourfeel,”saidMelanieTorres,aPacoimaresident.“Ithinkit’sgreat.PacoimaisoneofthelargesthotzonesinLAsowewerefortunatetobeselected.”26．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Atheoryonanewtechnology.一種新技術(shù)的理論。B.Aprojecttoimprovecitizens’lives.一個(gè)改善公民生活的項(xiàng)目。C.Anartaimingtobeautifycities.一種旨在美化城市的藝術(shù)。D.Astudyontheurbanheatislandeffect.城市熱島效應(yīng)研究。①I(mǎi)nLosAngeles,California,wheretemperaturestendtostaywarmyear-round,youcanfeelasignificantdifferenceinheatwhenyou’realongthecoastoroutsidethecitycomparedtowhenyou’reinhighly-populatedpartsofthecity.Thisphenomenon,knownastheurbanheatislandeffect,canmakedaytimetemperaturesinhighly-populatedareas1℉to7℉warmerthannearbyareas.LosAngelesisworkingtosettlethisissuebyapplyingaspecialpainton1millionsquarefeetofroadsinthecity.⑥Theinitiativewillmonitortheneighborhoodtemperaturesoverthenexttwoyearstodetermineitseffectiveness.Ifsuccessful,morereflectivecoatingsmaybeappliedinotherneighborhoods.如果成功，更多的反射涂層可能會(huì)應(yīng)用到其他社區(qū)?！救姆g】在加利福尼亞州的洛杉磯，氣溫往往全年保持溫暖，當(dāng)你沿著海岸或城外時(shí)，與你在城市人口稠密的地區(qū)相比，你可以感受到明顯的熱量差異。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為城市熱島效應(yīng)，它會(huì)使人口密集地區(qū)的白天溫度比附近地區(qū)高1到7華氏度。洛杉磯正在努力解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，在該市100萬(wàn)平方英尺的道路上涂上一種特殊的油漆。由屋頂公司GAF發(fā)起的GAFCoolCommunityProject，已經(jīng)在洛杉磯Pacoima社區(qū)的道路、停車(chē)場(chǎng)甚至操場(chǎng)上涂上了太陽(yáng)能反射漆。GAF與當(dāng)?shù)亟M織、政府和科學(xué)家合作開(kāi)展該項(xiàng)目?！芭量埔榴R是洛杉磯最熱門(mén)的地區(qū)之一，并沒(méi)有像其他許多社區(qū)那樣得到投資，”該項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人杰夫·特里說(shuō)?！跋Ｍ覀兡茏屵@個(gè)地方更適合居民居住?！边@種涂料使用的是隱形陰影，這是gaf旗下的StreetBond公司生產(chǎn)的一種涂料。InvisibleShade含有添加劑(添加劑)，可以反射可見(jiàn)光和紅外線(紅外線的)以減少熱量。涂層有14種顏色可供選擇，也可以定制。雖然在帕科伊馬的大部分地區(qū)，所應(yīng)用的涂料都是灰色的，但該計(jì)劃與當(dāng)?shù)匾晃凰囆g(shù)家合作，為一些地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了獨(dú)特的圖案，比如操場(chǎng)、停車(chē)場(chǎng)和籃球場(chǎng)?！拔业哪_確實(shí)覺(jué)得涼了。是的!”帕科馬居民梅勒妮·托雷斯說(shuō):“你可以立即感受到鞋底的不同(腳底)?！薄拔艺J(rèn)為這很棒。帕科馬是洛杉磯最大的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)之一，所以我們很幸運(yùn)被選中?！痹摮h將在未來(lái)兩年內(nèi)監(jiān)測(cè)附近的溫度，以確定其有效性。如果成功，更多的反射涂層可能會(huì)應(yīng)用到其他社區(qū)。【passage8】①I(mǎi)t’saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蝕)bysandandwind.②Theteamisdedicatedtoprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁畫(huà))andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionofwhichspansaboutathousandyears,fromthe4thcenturytothe14thcentury.TheculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceovercenturiesontheancientSilkRoad.“Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,istobetterpreservethecaves,whichpromotesthegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,”saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.③Commonlyseen“diseases”affectingthemuralsincludecrackingandflaking(剝落),aswellaserosionthatiscausedbychangesintemperatureandhumidityofthecaves,andthedepositionofsalts.Torestoreamuralrequiresanall-rounder.Restorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofamasonandhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,tobeabletorecognizetheproblemsandtheircorrespondingcausesanddeliverasolution.Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,beforeformallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.④Therestorationshouldrespecttheoriginalworkandaimtomaintainthestatusquoofthemuralsratherthanrepaintingthem.Whentherestorersfindsomepartsofmuralsmissingorfadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreatea“perfect”appearanceinrestoration.“Culturalrelicsarewitnessesofhistory,”explainsSu.“Whenyoupursuetheso-calledintact(完好無(wú)損的)lookforartisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning.”⑤Caveconservationisaboutcontinuouslysolvingproblems.“Itneedsalong-termresearchtobetterpreservethecaves,overamuchwidertimespanthatgoesbeyondourlifetimes,”Susays.Butatleast,theycankeeptheexistinglookofthemuralsforaslongaspossible.（素材來(lái)源：安徽省2023—2024學(xué)年（上）高二冬季階段性檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題）27.Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph2?A.ToshowthepopularityofDunhuangmurals.B.ToexplainthehistoryoftheancientSilkRoad.C.Tostressthesignificanceoftherestorationwork.D.Topresentthewaysofprotectingculturalheritage.28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherestorationwork?A.Creative.B.Well-paid.CInteresting.D.Demanding.29.Whatshouldrestoringmuralsfocusonaccordingtoparagraph4?ASpottingthefadedmuralsintime.B.Fixingthemissingpartsofmurals.C.Makingpreservationofthemuralsastheyare.D.Repaintingtoperfecttheappearanceofmurals.30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheArtisticCharmofMuralPaintings.B.TheMuralRestorationintheMogaoCaves.C.TheSuccessfulExperimentonCaveConservation.TheRoleoftheDunhuangSpiritinChineseCulture.【魔法帶練】串聯(lián)題干：Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph2?28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherestorationwork?29.Whatshouldrestoringmuralsfocusonaccordingtoparagraph4?30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?主題歸納：restoringmurals壁畫(huà)修復(fù)30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheArtisticCharmofMuralPaintings.壁畫(huà)的藝術(shù)魅力。B.TheMuralRestorationintheMogaoCaves.莫高窟壁畫(huà)修復(fù)。C.TheSuccessfulExperimentonCaveConservation.洞穴保護(hù)的成功實(shí)驗(yàn)D.TheRoleoftheDunhuangSpiritinChineseCulture.敦煌精神在中國(guó)文化中的作用。標(biāo)題歸納題解題技法：①主題詞關(guān)聯(lián)-muralrestore壁畫(huà)儲(chǔ)藏②回文定位（段首，段尾，段落首尾句，頻率詞）①I(mǎi)t’saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蝕)bysandandwind.同義替換：Restoration=protecttheartisticcharm27.Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph2?A.ToshowthepopularityofDunhuangmurals.以顯示敦煌壁畫(huà)的普及程度。B.ToexplainthehistoryoftheancientSilkRoad.解釋古絲綢之路的歷史。C.Tostressthesignificanceoftherestorationwork.強(qiáng)調(diào)修復(fù)工作的重要性。D.Topresentthewaysofprotectingculturalheritage.提出保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)的方法②Theteamisdedicatedtoprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁畫(huà))andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionofwhichspansaboutathousandyears,fromthe4thcenturytothe14thcentury.TheculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceovercenturiesontheancientSilkRoad.“Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,istobetterpreservethecaves,whichpromotesthegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,”saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.這道題表面問(wèn)的是段落目的，實(shí)質(zhì)問(wèn)的是段落細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)題解題技法：①讀題干，抓關(guān)鍵詞(一般情況下關(guān)鍵詞為大寫(xiě)，人名，地名，數(shù)字，特殊修飾詞，從句）②快速閱讀文章，根據(jù)出題順序回文定位③對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，對(duì)比原文信息其實(shí)這種題目比原來(lái)的細(xì)節(jié)題更加容易，起碼不用通過(guò)題干的關(guān)鍵詞通篇搜索同義替換：Takeplaceovercenturies=history所以B選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherestorationwork?下列哪一項(xiàng)最能描述修復(fù)工作Creative.（創(chuàng)造性的）B.Well-paid.（高薪的）CInteresting.（有趣的）D.Demanding.（苛刻的）這也是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，但是有點(diǎn)不一樣是選項(xiàng)比上一題還要短選項(xiàng)越短，信息對(duì)比難度就會(huì)隨之加大，所以做這種題目必須留到最后在做。③Commonlyseen“diseases”affectingthemuralsincludecrackingandflaking(剝落),aswellaserosionthatiscausedbychangesintemperatureandhumidityofthecaves,andthedepositionofsalts.Torestoreamuralrequiresanall-rounder.Restorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofamasonandhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,tobeabletorecognizetheproblemsandtheircorrespondingcausesanddeliverasolution.Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,beforeformallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.【超綱詞解析】All-roundern.全能選手，多面手Iclassmyselfasanall-rounder.我將自己歸為多面手。這道題目難點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)：①要知道all-rounder是什么意思②知道all-rounder=demanding概念替換29.Whatshouldrestoringmuralsfocusonaccordingtoparagraph4?根據(jù)第4段，修復(fù)壁畫(huà)的重點(diǎn)是什么ASpottingthefadedmuralsintime.及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)褪色的壁畫(huà)B.Fixingthemissingpartsofmurals.修復(fù)壁畫(huà)缺失的部分。C.Makingpreservationofthemuralsastheyare.保護(hù)壁畫(huà)的原貌D.Repaintingtoperfecttheappearanceofmurals.重新粉刷以完善壁畫(huà)的外觀。這道題類型跟32題一樣同樣的都是段落細(xì)節(jié)題④Therestorationshouldrespecttheoriginalworkandaimtomaintainthestatusquoofthemuralsratherthanrepaintingthem.Whentherestorersfindsomepartsofmuralsmissingorfadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreatea“perfect”appearanceinrestoration.“Culturalrelicsarewitnessesofhistory,”explainsSu.“Whenyoupursuetheso-calledintact(完好無(wú)損的)lookforartisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning.”同義替換：Makingpreservation....astheyare=maintainthestatusquoofthemurals=nevercreate【逐句翻譯】①I(mǎi)t’saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蝕)bysandandwind.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句；despite引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；aUNESCO....引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句做Mogaocaves句意：這是一場(chǎng)與時(shí)間的賽跑，盡管受到風(fēng)沙侵蝕(侵蝕)，敦煌研究院的幾代文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)人員仍在努力保護(hù)莫高窟的藝術(shù)魅力。莫高窟被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)。②Theteamisdedicatedtoprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁畫(huà))andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionofwhichspansaboutathousandyears,fromthe4thcenturytothe14thcentury.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾theconstruction;from....to...做同位語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充解釋athousandsyears.句意：該團(tuán)隊(duì)致力于保護(hù)該遺址735個(gè)洞穴的45,000平方米壁畫(huà)(壁畫(huà))和2400多個(gè)彩繪雕塑，這些洞穴從4世紀(jì)到14世紀(jì)跨越了大約1000年。【固定搭配解析】Bededicatedto....致力于Shouldourbestmindsbededicatedtosolvingourbiggestproblems?我們最優(yōu)秀的頭腦是否應(yīng)當(dāng)致力于解決人類面臨的最大問(wèn)題?TheculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceovercenturiesontheancientSilkRoad.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾culturalexchanges句意：這些文物是幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)古絲綢之路上文化交流的產(chǎn)物?！癘urwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,istobetterpreservethecaves,whichpromotesthegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,”saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)修飾ourwork;thedirectoroftheDunhuangacademy做同位語(yǔ)修飾Subomin句意：敦煌研究院院長(zhǎng)蘇波民說(shuō)“我們的工作，修復(fù)壁畫(huà)和彩雕，是為了更好地保護(hù)洞穴，這促進(jìn)了偉大的敦煌精神，包容世界，激勵(lì)現(xiàn)代人，”?！境V詞解析】Murals壁畫(huà)【記憶】mur墻+alSoitisalsoverynecessarytoexploreandresearchfurtherthespacemuralpainting.因而對(duì)空間壁畫(huà)的進(jìn)一步探索研究也是非常必要的.③Commonlyseen“diseases”affectingthemuralsincludecrackingandflaking(剝落),aswellaserosionthatiscausedbychangesintemperatureandhumidityofthecaves,andthedepositionofsalts.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：affecting...作定語(yǔ)修飾diseases；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾erosion句意：影響壁畫(huà)的常見(jiàn)“疾病”包括開(kāi)裂和剝落(剝落)，以及由洞穴溫度和濕度變化引起的侵蝕，以及鹽的沉積。Torestoreamuralrequiresanall-rounder.修復(fù)壁畫(huà)需要一個(gè)多面手。Restorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofamasonandhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,tobeabletorecognizetheproblemsandtheircorrespondingcausesanddeliverasolution.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：tobeableto...不定式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)句意：修復(fù)人員應(yīng)該懂得繪畫(huà)，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具備一定的化學(xué)和物理知識(shí)，能夠識(shí)別問(wèn)題及其相應(yīng)的原因，并提供解決方案。Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,beforeformallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.他們還必須選擇合適的材料和工具，并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，然后才正式進(jìn)行修復(fù)和評(píng)估效果