9年考研英語真題及解析

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁/共頁1996年年全真試題PartⅠClozeTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,1dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor2foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif3ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes4.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements—usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and5nitrogen.Theyaredifferent6theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin7oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.8enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor9vitamins.Manypeople,10,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.However,awellbalanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.1.［A］either ［B］so ［C］nor ［D］never2.［A］shifting ［B］transferring ［C］altering ［D］transforming3.［A］any ［B］some ［C］anything ［D］something4.［A］serious ［B］apparent ［C］severe ［D］fatal5.［A］mostly ［B］partially ［C］sometimes ［D］rarely6.［A］inthat ［B］sothat ［C］suchthat ［D］exceptthat7.［A］undertakes ［B］holds ［C］plays ［D］performs8.［A］Supplying ［B］Getting ［C］Providing ［D］Furnishing9.［A］exceptional ［B］exceeding ［C］excess ［D］external10.［A］nevertheless ［B］therefore ［C］moreover ［D］meanwhilePartⅡReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionstherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Tightlippedeldersusedtosay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcouldbeemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcouldbejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.11.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”?［A］You’llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.［B］It’snousedreaming.［C］Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.［D］It’sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.12.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas

.［A］anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob［B］anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob［C］aguidelineforjobdescription［D］aprincipleforjobevaluation13.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause

.［A］thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer［B］thatistherequirementoftheemployer［C］itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices［D］itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself14.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething

.［A］definitetooffer ［B］imaginarytoprovide［C］practicaltosupply ［D］desirabletopresentPassage2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children’sprogrammesandfilmsforanannuallicencefeeof￡83perhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years—yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation—ofwhomtherearemany—arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tfixit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke”,theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels——ITVandChannel4——wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels—fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’subscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.15.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces

.［A］theproblemofnewscoverage ［B］anuncertainprospect［C］inquiriesbythegeneralpublic ［D］shrinkageofaudience16.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?［A］ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.［B］Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.［C］Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.［D］Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.17.TheBBC’s“royalcharter”(Line4,Paragraph4)standsfor

.［A］thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily.［B］theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen.［C］acontractwiththeQueen.［D］auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily.18.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan

.［A］theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels.［B］theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment.［C］theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs.［D］thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels.Passage3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury“capital”and“l(fā)abour”wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable”classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand“shareholding”meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.The“shareholders”assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.19.It’strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat

.［A］theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations［B］theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative［C］theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies［D］theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers20.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin

.［A］theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement［B］theownershipofcapitalbymanagers［C］theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses［D］theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness21.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat

.［A］theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers［B］theoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers［C］thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly［D］thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole22.Theauthorismostcriticalof

.［A］familyfirmowners ［B］landowners［C］managers ［D］shareholdersPassage4WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica—breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium”system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess…Thedesignerandtheinventor…areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.”Thisnonverbal“spatial”thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshapingforces—schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking—interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristicemulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.23.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto

.［A］elementaryschools ［B］enthusiasticworkers［C］theattractivepremiumsystem［D］aspecialwayofthinking24.ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics

.［A］benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge.［B］shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement.［C］wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining.［D］owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment.25.Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause

.［A］theyarebothwinnersofawards.［B］theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking.［C］theybothabandonverbaldescription［D］theybothusevariousinstruments26.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe

.［A］InventiveMind ［B］EffectiveSchooling［C］WaysofThinking ［D］OutpouringofInventionsPassage5Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher’spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.“Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnonfundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific”creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher’sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchaptersonthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:“Thisbookstandsforreasonitself.”Andsoitdoes-andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.27.“Creationism”inthepassagerefersto

.［A］evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse［B］anotionofthecreationofreligion［C］thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation［D］thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse28.Kitcher’sbookisintendedto

.［A］recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionists［B］exposethetruefeaturesofcreationists［C］cursebitterlyathisopponents［D］launchasurpriseattackoncreationists29.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat

.［A］reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebate［B］creationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoning［C］evolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialists［D］creationismissupportedbyscientificfindings30.Thispassageappearstobeadigestof

.［A］abookreview ［B］ascientificpaper［C］amagazinefeature ［D］anewspapereditorialPartⅢEnglish—ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.31）Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionsoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotake,bypersonsinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.32）ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.33）Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.Thiskindofsupport,likeallgovernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting“good”asopposedto“bad”science,butavaliddeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generally,theideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomeconfusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.34）However,theworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld’smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.35）Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.SectionⅣWriting36.Directions:A.Title:GOODHEALTHB.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:120—150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)D.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthe“OUTLINE”belowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal”.E.YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.Outline:1.Importanceofgoodhealth.2.Waystokeepfit.3.Myownpractices.1996年英語試題答案PartⅠClozeTest1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.C10.APartⅡReadingComprehensionPartAPassage111.B 12.A 13.D 14.APassage215.B 16.C 17.C 18.DPassage319.C 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage423.D 24.A 25.B 26.APassage527.D 28.B 29.B 30.APartⅢEnglish-ChineseTranslation31.在這些緣故中，有些純屬社會需求；另一些則是因為科學上某些特定發(fā)展在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生的必然結(jié)果。32.這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當初一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府要向其科研機構(gòu)提出詳細的要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。33.給某些與當前目標無關(guān)而未來則可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研予以支持，看來能夠有效地解決這個問題。34.然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系普通而言是無法解決世上某些越發(fā)引人入勝的課題的。35.同過去一樣，未來必然浮上新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標準。SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.見分析試題精解PartⅠClozeTest一、文章總體分析本文是一篇推薦維生素的科普性小短文。文章首段對維生素下定義。第二段推薦了維生素的兩大功能：將食物轉(zhuǎn)化成能量和維持身體健康。第三段推薦了各種維生素的異同：基本組成元素相同，但羅列方式不同，并且各自承擔一到多種異常功能。第四段指出：不需要獲取過量的維生素，均衡的飲食通常就可以徹低滿意身體對它們的需求了。二、試題詳細解析1.［A］either ［B］so ［C］nor ［D］never［精解］本題考核的知識點是：一定倒裝句的連詞?？崭袂拔闹v到維生素不能提供能量，是一個一定句；后文講到它們構(gòu)建身體的任何部分，是倒裝句，因此選項必須既能引導倒裝句，又能與前面的一定相呼應(yīng)。四個選項中，either表示“也”，可以用在一定句中，但普通放在句尾，例如：Shedidn’tgothere,either（她也不去）；so可以引導倒裝句，但它用在絕對句中，表示“也”，如：Theycanleavenow,socanwe.（他們現(xiàn)在可以離開了，我們也能）。nor也可以引導倒裝句，并可用在一定句中，構(gòu)成not...nor...（既不…也不…）固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Youcan’tdoit,norcanI.（你不能做這件事，我也不能）；never也可以引導倒裝句，表示一定，但它必須放在句首，如：NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchnonsense.（我一輩子都沒聽說過這樣的無稽之談）。綜合以上因素，C為準確選項。2.［A］shifting替換，轉(zhuǎn)移 ［B］transferring遷移，移動，傳遞［C］altering改變，變動 ［D］transforming轉(zhuǎn)換，改變［精解］本題考核的知識點是：習慣搭配+動詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渥拥暮x是“需要維生素將食物2為能量，以維持身體的健康”。空格填入的分詞需和into搭配，并符合文意。transform常與into搭配，強調(diào)的是“事物大的變革或質(zhì)的改變”。在此從food（食物）到energy（能量）的改變是一種質(zhì)的改變，因此，D符合句意。shift不與into搭配，如：Thewindshiftedtothesouth（風轉(zhuǎn)向南吹）；transfer多用于位置的改變，也不與into搭配，如：Hisemployertransferredhimtoanotheroffice.（老板把他調(diào)到了另一個辦公室）；alter強調(diào)部分或少量的變動，程度較輕，如：Theseclothesaretoolarge;theymustbealtered.（這些衣服太大，得修改）。因此以上三個詞都不能表示事物質(zhì)的改變。知識點補充：trans-為前綴，與動詞連用，表示“橫過，越過”或“改變，轉(zhuǎn)移”，例如：transact（辦理,交易,談判,處理），transatlantic（橫渡大西洋的），trans-national（跨越國界的），transplant（移植），transport（運輸）。3.［A］any任何一個 ［B］some一些［C］anything任何事物 ［D］something某事物［精解］本題考核的知識點是：不定代詞的用法?？崭袼诰渥邮且粋€由and銜接的并列句，前一個分句Therearethirteenormoreofthem中的them指的是vitamins，后一個分句是一個由if引導的條件狀語從句，意為“倘若…缺乏，（會浮上）維生素缺乏癥?！币驗閕f引導的從句中謂語動詞is是單數(shù)，因而，只能由一個表示單數(shù)意義的不定代詞作為被選項。首先排除some，它普通用于絕對句，做主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；第二anything與something泛指任何事或某些事，放入句中不符句意；any放入后相當于anyofthem，即“任何維生素”。注重any普通用于一定或疑問句中，做主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，如：Anyofthehuntersisabletocatchthetigersingle-handed.（任何一個獵人都能單獨抓住老虎）。因此答案只能選A。4.［A］serious嚴重的，鄭重的，仔細的 ［B］apparent顯然的［C］severe鄭重的，強烈的，嚴重的 ［D］fatal致命的［精解］本題考核的知識點是：形容詞詞義辨析。本題要求考生判斷，倘若缺乏任何一種維生素，缺乏癥就會變得怎樣。四個備選項表示的程度不同，從語意的角度來說都可以與disease相搭配。但是，按照上下文，這里需要填入一個確切描述疾病癥狀的詞。serious、severe和fatal這幾個詞都表示程度嚴重，甚至危及生命。但上下文沒有暗示缺乏一種維生素會導致嚴重的后果，因此，這三個詞都不可作為被選項。apparent只是容易地描述了疾病的癥狀，為準確選項。5.［A］mostly大部分，主要地 ［B］partially部分地［C］sometimes偶爾候 ［D］rarely很少地，罕有地［精解］本題考核的知識點是：邏輯語義搭配+副詞詞義辨析。本句破折號后舉例說明維生素的組成成分：碳、氫、氧和5氮，and表明各成分之間為并列關(guān)系，那么，選項應(yīng)與usually相呼應(yīng)。usually是頻度副詞，選項也應(yīng)是頻度副詞。選項中，mostly和partially不是頻率副詞，而是強調(diào)事物部分與整體的關(guān)系，如：Theaudienceconsistedmostlyofwomen.（觀眾主要是婦女）；Thedriverispartiallytoblamefortheaccident.（司機對那次車禍應(yīng)負部分責任）。rarely是頻率副詞，但它含一定含義，若用于句中，之前的連詞and應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but。所以惟獨sometimes為準確選項。全句意為“通常是碳、氫、氧，有些時候還有氮”。6.［A］inthat在…方面；因為［B］sothat以致，以便，(引導結(jié)果或目的狀語從句)［C］suchthat那樣，以至，(不能銜接兩個殘破的句子)［D］exceptthat除了［精解］本題考核的知識點是：邏輯關(guān)系。上句提到維生素相似的緣故，這句開始提到維生素也是有區(qū)別的，因為兩個句子是平行的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以預(yù)測，本句的后半句也會解釋為什么不同。下文果然提到緣故是“元素的羅列方式不同，每種元素在人體內(nèi)（有）一種或多種異常功能”。因此空格處應(yīng)填入表因果關(guān)系并銜接緣故狀語從句的短語。選項中，exceptthat不表因果，sothat和suchthat后面接結(jié)果。惟獨inthat后面接緣故，并且空格前面的different與介詞in連用，表示“在哪一方面不同”。例句補充：Self-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustocorrectourmistakes.（自我批評是須要的，因為它能協(xié)助我們改正錯誤）；Speakloudersothatallthepeopleinthehallcanhearyou.（大聲點講,以便大廳里的人都能聽清）；Thesituationwassuchthatpoliticalobserversfounditdifficulttopredict.（形勢如此，連政治看見家們也覺得難以預(yù)料）；Hisaccountiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailsareomitted.（除了有些細節(jié)未提到之外，他的講述是準確的）。7.［A］undertakes承擔，采取 ［B］holds保存，控制，握有［C］plays承擔，承擔 ［D］performs表演，執(zhí)行，履行［精解］本題考核的知識點是：動賓搭配。本題考查動詞與function的搭配。四個選項中能與function搭配的惟獨perform，即performafunction（具有…的功能，發(fā)揮…的作用），如：Thebrainperformsaveryimportantfunction:itcontrolsthenervoussystemofthebody.（大腦具有異常重要的功能，它控制著身體內(nèi)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）。在文中，它意為“每種元素在人體內(nèi)承擔一種或多種異常的功能”。其它能與function搭配的動詞還有fulfill、serve等。其它選項的常用搭配有：undertakeamission/task/project承擔使命/任務(wù)/工程；holdashare持有股份；playarole/part飾演…角色。8.［A］Supplying補給，供養(yǎng)，提供，補充［B］Getting獲得，變成，收獲，使得［C］Providing供養(yǎng)，供養(yǎng)，決定，預(yù)防［D］Furnishing供養(yǎng)，提供，裝備，布置［精解］本題考核的知識點是：動名詞的邏輯主語+動詞詞義辨析。本題空格所在句子是一個含讓步狀語從句的復(fù)合句：8enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor9vitamins，其中空格部分和enoughvitamins構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主句的主語?？忌P(guān)鍵要判斷出，空格處填入的動名詞的邏輯主語也就是后面although引導的讓步狀語從句中的主語，即：thebody。這樣，動名詞所表示的動作必須是thebody發(fā)出來的，又能接enoughvitamins做賓語。選項中，Supplying，Providing和Furnishing均表示“提供，供養(yǎng)”，動作的發(fā)出者不是“身體”。句子表達的含義是身體需要獲取維生素的營養(yǎng)，而不是“提供”，因此惟獨Getting（獲取，獲得）符合。知識點補充：supply、provide、furnish是一組近義詞，都有“提供，供養(yǎng)”含義。furnish主要指提供一些基本的須要物品，可譯為“配備”，如：furnishthenewapartment(為新房間配備家具)；supply強調(diào)“提供物品以備需要的時候用”，可譯為“供養(yǎng)，供養(yǎng)”，它常和with搭配，如：supplythemarketwithnewcommodities（向市場供養(yǎng)新商品）；provide也強調(diào)“提供物品，為…做決定”，它常和介詞for，with和against搭配。provide...with...意為“給…提供”，providefor/against都指“為可能的艱難做決定，防御”，如：Heworkedhardtoprovideforhisoldage.(他努力賺錢以防老)。9.［A］exceptional例外的，異常的 ［B］exceeding異常的，極度的，過度的［C］excess額外的，多余的 ［D］external外部的，客觀的，外用的［精解］本題考核的知識點是：上下文語義+形容詞詞義辨析。本題空格所在部分是although引導的讓步狀語從句。前面主句提到，獲取充足維生素是須要的，因此從句很可能要從相反的角度來說明獲取維生素對人體的意義。haveusefor是固定短語，意為“需要”，主要用于一定和疑問句中，如：Ihavenofurtheruseforit.（我不再需要它了）。因此，按照所在從句的含義，考生需判斷人體對什么維生素沒有營養(yǎng)上的需要。選項中，首先排除external和exceptional，因為不存在“外部的維生素”或“例外的維生素”；剩下兩個選項中，exceeding用來指被修飾的成分超出了普通的限度，如：exceedingdarkness（極度黑暗），exceedingbeauty（優(yōu)美無比），顯然，它不能直接修飾“維生素”；惟獨excess指“超過正?；蛩钄?shù)額的數(shù)量”，強調(diào)“攝入過多的維生素”符合邏輯。10.［A］nevertheless然而，不過，（表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）［B］therefore因此，所以，（表因果關(guān)系）［C］moreover而且，此外，（表示遞進關(guān)系）［D］meanwhile（=atthesametime）同時，（表示時光關(guān)系）［精解］本題考核的知識點是：邏輯關(guān)系。兩個逗號之間的空格處應(yīng)填入一個邏輯銜接詞，因此考生需判斷空格所在句子和上文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到，過量維生素對身體沒有營養(yǎng)價值，接著作者指出無數(shù)人的心態(tài)：為“安全”考慮，而服用額外的維生素。從語意上看，兩句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，挑選項應(yīng)該是一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞，因此nevertheless為準確答案。囫圇句子意為“盡管獲取過量的維生素對身體沒有營養(yǎng)價值，但無數(shù)人出于安全考慮，還是攝取額外的維生素?！比?、全文翻譯飲食中含有的少量有機化合物—維生素是促進動物（包括人）正常發(fā)育和維系生命的必須成分。維生素既不提供熱量，也不能構(gòu)建身體的某個部分。它們被用來將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量并維持身體的健康。維生素至少有十三種，倘若缺乏任何一種，缺乏癥疾病就會表現(xiàn)出來。各種維生素都比較相似，因為它們由同樣的元素組成—通常是碳、氫、氧，偶爾還有氮。它們之間的不同之處在于每種維生素內(nèi)部的元素羅列方式不同，并且每種元素在人體內(nèi)承擔一種或多種詳細功能。盡管獲取過量的維