2021新高考英語(yǔ)人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案第一編選修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Unit3Inventorsandinventions晨背分鐘填詞并背記StrangePatentApplicationsIset_aboutworkinginthecurrentPatentOfficeafterresigningfromthecourtpersonnel.petentanddynamic,_Ineverfeelpassivewhilediving_intotheidentificationsofwhetherapplicationsarevalidandpracticalaccordingtothenewversionofthecriteria.Withtheexpectationofdistinguishingtheirownimportance,somepeopleleavethebeaten_trackandfilestrangeproductswithusnow_and_then,_forexample,lanternthatcanbeattachedonyourforehead,_cubicwalnuts,_refrigeratormadeofstrawandglue,_perfumethatnobodycanbeartosmell,andsoon.Once,amanmadeatrianglehelicopteroutofstainlesswiresandstring.Hecalledusupandmerrilyclaimeditwasstableandconvenienttouse,andneverout_of_order.Iaskedhimtohang_on,_butthisinnocentmanjustrang_offandset_outtoflyfromhiscourtyard.Idialedhisnumberinthedirectorytryingtoring_him_back,_butnevergot_through.MercifulGodblessing,anabruptfreezingrainfallmadehispowderwet.Luckily,thetroublewaswithoutanyextensionexceptthathecrashedintoagreengrocer'smakingalltheripefruitsbeemessyjam.Whenpeopleseizedthiscrazymanwithcautionandsoberedhimbytappinghisface,heplainedaboutthebadweatherinsteadofassociatinghisfailurewithhisunscientificdesign.奇怪的專利申請(qǐng)從法院人事部辭職后，我開(kāi)始在現(xiàn)在的專利局工作。我工作起來(lái)既稱職又有活力，我投身于根據(jù)新版的申請(qǐng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鑒定專利申請(qǐng)的工作，避免無(wú)效或不實(shí)用的專利出現(xiàn)，在工作過(guò)程中我從未感覺(jué)到消極沒(méi)勁。為了突出自己的重要性，時(shí)不時(shí)就有人違反常規(guī)，向我們提交一些奇怪的產(chǎn)品申請(qǐng)，例如固定在前額的信號(hào)燈、立方體的胡桃、用稻草和膠水制作的冰箱、沒(méi)人能受得了的香水等。有一次，有個(gè)人用不銹鋼絲和繩子制作了一架三角形的直升飛機(jī)。他致電給我們，高興地聲稱其確實(shí)牢固，而且方便使用，從不發(fā)生故障。我請(qǐng)他稍等，但這個(gè)天真的人掛了就開(kāi)始從院子里起飛。我撥打他在簿上的號(hào)碼試圖回電給他，卻無(wú)法接通。仁慈的上帝保佑，一場(chǎng)突然降臨的凍雨打濕了他的火藥，使他造成的麻煩沒(méi)有擴(kuò)大，只是撞入一間水果店，把所有成熟的水果都?jí)撼梢凰康墓u。當(dāng)人們小心地抓住這個(gè)失去理智的人，輕輕拍打他的臉使他清醒過(guò)來(lái)時(shí)，他還在抱怨糟糕的壞天氣，卻沒(méi)有將他的失敗與他不科學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。1．merciful(adj.)寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless(adj.)殘忍的；無(wú)情的→mercy(n.)寬大；仁慈2．convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience(n.)便利；方便→inconvenient(反義詞)(adj.)不方便的；引起麻煩的3．caution(n.)小心；謹(jǐn)慎→cautious(adj.)小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的→cautiously(adv.)小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地4．passive(adj.)被動(dòng)的；消極的；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的→active(反義詞)(adj.)積極的5．criterion(n.)(評(píng)判的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；尺度→criteria(pl.)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)6．freezing(adj.)冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的→frozen(adj.)冷凍的；結(jié)冰的→freeze(vi.)冰凍；結(jié)冰(vt.)使……凍住，使……結(jié)冰7．innocent(adj.)清白的；無(wú)罪的；天真的→innocence(n.)天真；清白8．recognition(n.)認(rèn)出；認(rèn)可；承認(rèn)→recognize(vt.)認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；承認(rèn)9．occasionally(adv.)偶然地；不時(shí)地→occasional(adj.)偶然的；臨時(shí)的；特殊場(chǎng)合的→occasion(n.)時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)；場(chǎng)合10．current(n.)(水或氣)流；電流(adj.)現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的→currently(adv.)現(xiàn)時(shí)；當(dāng)前→currency(n.)通貨；貨幣；流行；通用11．practical(adj.)實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的；實(shí)用的→impractical(反義詞)(adj.)不切實(shí)際的；不現(xiàn)實(shí)的→practise(v.)練習(xí)→practice(n.)練習(xí)；實(shí)踐重點(diǎn)知識(shí)分鐘distinguishvi.&vt.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別(P20)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesit________allotherartforms.②TheTownHallpletedinthe1800swasthemost________(distinguish)buildingatthattime.③Thelecturemainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhave________(distinguish)rightfromwrong.答案：①from②distinguished③distinguishing(1)distinguish...from...把……與……區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)distinguishbetweenAandB區(qū)分A與B(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的expectationn.預(yù)料；期待；期望(P21)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwere________hisexpectation.②Manystudentsgraduatefromcollegeintheexpectation________theycansoonfindjobsinaccordancewiththeirwishes.③I'mdeterminedtogoallouttoliveuptomyparents'________(expect)．④Ourdefeat________(expect)butitwasdisappointingnevertheless.答案：①beyond②that③expectations④wasexpected(2)一句多譯人們懷著憧憬購(gòu)置房產(chǎn)，期待其價(jià)格將繼續(xù)強(qiáng)勁上漲。①Peoplebuyahouse__________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expectation)②Peoplebuyahouse________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expect)答案：①intheexpectationthat②expectingthat(1)beyondexpectation超出預(yù)期live_up_toone'sexpectations不辜負(fù)某人的期望e_up_to/meetone'sexpectations達(dá)到某人的期望intheexpectationthat...期望著……(2)expectvt.&vexpectsth./todosth./that...期望某事/期望做某事/期望……beexpectedtodo...被期望/有望做……expectsb.todo...期望某人做……(3)unexpectedadj.未預(yù)料到的bearvt.忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；帶有；顯示(標(biāo)記或特征)；生(孩子)(P24)單句寫(xiě)作①水能載舟，亦能覆舟。Thewaterthat________________isthesamethatswallowsitup.②我無(wú)法忍受年輕人虛擲光陰。Ican't____________________theiryouth.③記?。撼晒?lái)自于努力。________________thatsuccessesfromhardwork.④肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)，她必須努力工作撫養(yǎng)孩子。________________________，shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.答案：①bearstheboat②bearyoungpeoplecastingaway③Bearinmind④Bearingaheavyburden(1)can't_beartodosth./doingsth.不能忍受做某事(2)bear/keepinmindthat...＝bear/keep...inmind記住……(3)bearaheavyburden肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)beartheresponsibility/blame承擔(dān)/負(fù)有責(zé)任[名師點(diǎn)津](1)bear表示“容忍；忍耐”時(shí)多與can/could連用，且多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。(2)bear的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞分別為bore,borne。associatevt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n.同事；伙伴(P26)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)alwaysassociatethesmellofthoseflowers________mychildhood.②Weareworkingin________(associate)withanumberoflocalpaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.③Throughsciencewe'vegottheideaof________(associate)progresswiththefuture.④Manywords________(associate)withlifeintheWestareSpanishinorigin.答案：①with②association③associating④associated(2)一句多譯我們必須把這兩方面考慮進(jìn)去，它們都關(guān)系到學(xué)生們的安全。①Wemusttakethetwoaspectsintoconsideration,________________________thesafetyofthestudents.(定語(yǔ)從句)②Wemusttakethetwoaspectsintoconsideration,________________________thesafetyofthestudents.(獨(dú)立主格)答案：①bothofwhichareassociatedwith②bothofthemassociatedwith(1)associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把某人/某事和某人/某事聯(lián)系在一起；由某人/某事聯(lián)想到某人/某事beassociated_with...和……有關(guān)associatewithsb.與某人交往或打交道(2)associationn.聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會(huì)；團(tuán)體in_association_with...與……合伙/合作；與……相聯(lián)系(3)associatedadj.關(guān)聯(lián)的；聯(lián)合的callup給……打；使……回憶起(P20)用call相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theydecidedto____________adoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter.②Thisisaproblemthat____________animmediatesolution.③Theboyonwatchstarted____________whenhesawsomebodyapproaching.④Hehadto____________themeetingbecauseofthebadweather.⑤Thispicture____________mymemoriesoftheamusingexperience.⑥We____________ournewneighbour'slastweek.答案：①callin②callsfor③callingout④calloff⑤calls/calledup⑥calledatgetthrough接通；(設(shè)法)做完；通過(guò)；度過(guò)；熬過(guò)；用完(P26)(1)寫(xiě)出下列句中g(shù)etthrough的含義①I(mǎi)thinkyoucangetthroughtheexercisesofthefirsttwochapters.________②Icouldn'tgetthroughtoherbecauseherphonewasbusyallday.________③Shefoundwritinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.________④Luckily,hegotthroughtheexamandhiseffortspaidoff.________⑤Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.________答案：①(設(shè)法)做完②打通③度過(guò)，熬過(guò)④通過(guò)⑤用完(2)用get相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空①Weallhopethathecan____________thefreezingwinterandgetbetter.②Hehasneverreally____________thelossofhiswife.③It'stimeyou____________somepracticeortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind.④He'snotverygoodat________hisideas________.答案：①getthrough②getover③shouldget/gotdownto④getting;across(1)getacross傳達(dá)；解釋清楚getalong/on_withsb.與某人相處融洽getaway_withsth.攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰getdown_tosth./doingsth.開(kāi)始做某事；認(rèn)真處理某事getover克服(困難)；從……中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)(2)gothrough經(jīng)歷；檢查lookthrough瀏覽；仔細(xì)查看livethrough經(jīng)歷(艱難或險(xiǎn)境)Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.(P25)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Givemeachance,________I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.②Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoue,________wemightbeout.③________(follow)theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.④________(check)mypositionagain,Ifoundsomespellingmistakes.答案：①and②otherwise/orelse/or③Tofollow④Checking(2)一句多譯幫我一個(gè)忙，我會(huì)感激你的。①________________，andIwillbegratefultoyou.(祈使句)②____________________，Iwillbegratefultoyou.(if條件句)答案：①Domeafavour②Ifyoudomeafavour本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”句型。這個(gè)祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，and之后的句子相當(dāng)于主句，所以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。在該句型中，祈使句有時(shí)也可用名詞短語(yǔ)表示?！捌硎咕洌B詞＋陳述句”的其他形式為：(1)“祈使句＋破折號(hào)＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)“名詞短語(yǔ)＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)(名詞短語(yǔ)中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等詞)。(3)“祈使句＋or＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，or表示“否則；要不然的話”，or可用orelse或otherwise替換，從反面來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。[名師點(diǎn)津]此句型容易和分詞作狀語(yǔ)混淆，試比較：(1)Followtheroadroundtotherightandyou'llfindhishouse.(祈使句)(2)Followingtheroadroundtotheright,shefoundhishouse.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))課文語(yǔ)法填空分鐘Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountrysideonthetelephone,she__1__(learn)thatsnakescamenearthehouseandthatthesnakesseemedtohavemadetheirhomeneartheirhouse.__2__(hear)this,thewriterfeltveryproudandconsidereditachanceforhertodistinguish__3__(she)byinventingsomethingmerciful__4__wouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout__5__(research)thehabitsofsnakesinordertofindtheeasiestway__6__(trap)them.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbe__7__(easy)caught.However,herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.Sheclearlyrealizedthatsheneededtoimproveherdesignagain.Asaresult,shesucceededat__8__thirdattempt.Shewas__9__delightedthatshewasdeterminedtosendher__10__(invent)tothepatentofficetobecameaninventor.However,onlyaftershehashadthatrecognitioncanwesaythatsheistrulyaninventor.Forher,it'samatterofwaitingandhoping.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6．________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.learned/learnt2.Hearing3.herself4.that5.researching6.totrap7.easily8.the9.so10.invention▲decidetodo...＝bedeterminedtodo...意為“決定去做……”?！鴖othat...與so...that...的區(qū)別：sothat多用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于inorderthat；而so...that...中，so用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞，that從句為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至于……”▲“only＋狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)，其后的句子用部分倒裝形式。此處狀語(yǔ)包括狀語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞。需要特別注意的是：“only＋主語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)不倒裝。▲it'samatterof...這是……的問(wèn)題隨堂檢測(cè)分鐘Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hecalledme________totellmeaboutit.答案：up2．Readthisstory,________youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.答案：and3．Colour-blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttodistinguish________blueandgreen.答案：between4．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond________(recognize)．答案：recognition5．Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcanset________preparingyourbusinessplan.答案：about6．Ifyouhavetocatchthefirstbuseveryday,choosethishotel.________isveryconvenientforthestation—it'sonlyatwo-minutewalk.答案：It7．Hecouldn'tbear________(bother)bytheloudnoisefromthestoresandthelightsonthestreet,sohemovedon.答案：beingbothered/tobebothered8．Havingmadetheplan,shesetout________(do)theexperiment.答案：todo9．Sorry,thereisnobodyherewiththatname.Youmust________(dial)thewrongnumber.答案：havedialled10．Thosealways________(associate)moneywithhappinessmayneverfeelhappy,fortheyarenevercontent.答案：associatingⅡ.教材微寫(xiě)作A．根據(jù)提示完成句子1．David是一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎而成功的商人，他的一項(xiàng)新產(chǎn)品獲得了專利。(cautious;patent)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：David,whowasacautiousandsuccessfulbusinessman,gotapatentforhisnewproduct.2．令他高興的是這款產(chǎn)品很暢銷，但是后來(lái)他發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品沒(méi)有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(criteria)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Muchtohisdelight,thisproductsoldwell,butlaterhefoundhisproductdidn'tliveuptothecriteria.3．他沒(méi)有氣餒，而是抓住一切機(jī)會(huì)改善產(chǎn)品。(improve)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Hedidn'tloseheartbutseizedeverychancetoimprovetheproduct.4．他希望自己的產(chǎn)品能最終經(jīng)受得住市場(chǎng)的考驗(yàn)。(expect)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Heexpectedthathisproductcouldbearthetestsofthemarket.5．最終，在自己的努力下，他獲得了巨大的成功，自己的收入穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。(stable)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Eventually,itwaswithhiseffortsthatheachievedgreatsuccessandhisinehadastableincrease.B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文，注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范答案：David,whowasacautiousandsuccessfulbusinessman,gotapaten