上海市閔行區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語(yǔ)試卷（含答案解析）

2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一年級(jí)學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語(yǔ)試卷考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿(mǎn)分150分。2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部。全卷共12頁(yè)。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙規(guī)定的地方粘貼條形碼并填寫(xiě)考生號(hào)及姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Toys.B.Sweets.C.Storybooks.D.Oranges.2.A.10dollars.B.25dollars.C.30dollars.D.35dollars.3.A.Takeasubway.B.Takeabus.C.Takeataxi.D.Rideabicycle.4.A.8:30.B.8:40.C.9:00.D.9:10.5.A.Ashopassistant.B.Apoliceman.C.Ashoemaker.D.Awaiter.6.A.Underthetable.B.Onthemagazine.C.Neartheglassbottle.D.Onthediningtable.7.A.Interesting.B.Moving.C.DisappointingD.Scaring.8.A.Inabank.B.Inahotel.C.Inarestaurant.D.Inabookstore.9.A.Buyafootball.B.Practicefootball.C.Gotothelibrary.D.Finishherworkathome.10.A.Hefeelsalittlebitill.B.Heistiredoftheflighttrip.C.Hewillbeanexchangestudentsoon.D.Heisgoingtochecktheflightnumber.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Asecond-handbicycle.B.Foodanddrinks.C.Mentaltreatment.D.Abiketour.12.A.Askinglocalpeoplefordonations.B.Providingmorebike-ridinglessons.C.Offeringfreeroadtripstonewcomers.D.Invitingnewcomerstojoinlocalbikeclubs.13.A.Itisasportsclub.B.Itisatravelagency.C.Itisachainsupermarket.D.Itisacharityorganization.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14A.Forfarmerstocelebratetheharvest.B.Forvisitorstobuyvariousgrains.C.Forofficialstomakemoneyeverysummer.D.Forpeopletoshareideasandpresentbestproducts.15.A.Observethebirthofacow.B.Knowaboutfunproducts.C.Learnaboutunfamiliarplants.D.Enjoyinterestingperformances.16.A.Becausetheypromotestateinteraction.B.Becausetheybenefittheentertainmentindustry.C.Becausefarmerscanpricetheirownproducts.D.Becausepeoplecanberemindedoftheroleoftheearth.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Lightblue.B.Darkgrey.C.Purewhite.D.Lightyellow.18.A.Toreducecosts.B.Tomakethemostofspace.C.Tosuitthefurniture.D.Tohavebiggershelves.19.A.Walllights.B.Abigsofa.C.Acoffeemachine.D.Classicalpaintings.20.A.Howtobuyqualityfurniture.B.Howtoadjustthedecorationplan.C.Howtobecomemorefashionable.D.Howtodecorateanoldhouse.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitstheblank.Pastaandpizzawereoneveryone’slunchmenuinmynativelandofItaly.Everyonewhohadsuchalunchwaswhiteand_____1_____(speak)Italian.Afewyearslater,asIstoodinthelunchlinewithmykindergartenclassinaschoolinBrooklyn,Irealizedthingshadbecomecomplex.Myclassmatesincludedkidswithpaleskinandkidswithbrownskin.Thefoodchoiceswerealmostasvariousasthestudents.InfrontofmewereavarietyoffoodsthatIhaddifficulty_____2_____(name)inmynativelanguage.FearingthatIwouldpickout_____3_____awful,Itriedtoasktheboyaheadofmeforasuggestion.Unfortunately,thebarrier(障礙)oflanguagestood_____4_____us._____5_____mykindergartenexperiencefeelslikeacenturyago,thelessonsIlearnedwillstickinmymindforever.Forthepastthreesummers,I____6____(work)inagovernmentagencyinNewYork.Newimmigrantsmuchlikethelittlegirlinthelunchlinefloodedouroffice____7____(get)help.IoftenhadtobeatranslatorfortheItalian-speakingones.AsIservedtheroleofacommunicationlink,I_____8_____(remind)ofmystruggletotalkbeforeIlearnedEnglish.IwatchedwithgreatsympathyaselderlyItalianstriedtotalkinItalianwithpeoplewhodidnotspeakthelanguage.Itsuddenlybecameverycleartome____9____luckyIwastobeabletospeaktwolanguages.NewYorkisamulticulturalcity____10____studentslikemehaveachancetoworkwithdifferentpeople.WalkingthroughthestreetsofBrooklyntoday,Iamnolongerconfusedbythiscity’ssoundsandsmells.Instead,Ienjoyitsdiversity.【答案】1.spoke2.naming3.something4.between5.Although##Though6.haveworked7.getting8.wasreminded9.how10.where【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者通過(guò)三個(gè)夏天的工作，開(kāi)闊了視野，接受真實(shí)世界的多樣性，不再是幼兒園里那個(gè)害怕的小女孩了。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：吃這種午餐的人都是白人，而且說(shuō)意大利語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意和空前的was可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故本空用speak“說(shuō)”的過(guò)去式。故填spoke?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：擺在我面前的是各種各樣的食物，我很難用母語(yǔ)說(shuō)出它們的名字。havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“做某事有困難”，用name“叫出……的名字”的動(dòng)名詞形式，作賓語(yǔ)。故填naming?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：我擔(dān)心自己會(huì)挑出一些糟糕的東西，于是試著向我前面的男孩征求意見(jiàn)。結(jié)合句意可知，本空用不定代詞something“某物”，作pickout的賓語(yǔ)。故填something?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：不幸的是，語(yǔ)言的障礙擋在我們之間。結(jié)合句意可知，本空用介詞between“介于……之間（兩者）”。故填between?！?題詳解】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然我的幼兒園經(jīng)歷感覺(jué)像是一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，但我學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)將永遠(yuǎn)留在我的腦海里。前后句意存在轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系，應(yīng)用although/though“雖然”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填A(yù)lthough/Though?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過(guò)去的三個(gè)夏天里，我一直在紐約的一家政府機(jī)構(gòu)工作。work“工作”。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Forthepastthreesummers可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填haveworked?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：新移民涌入我們的辦公室尋求幫助，就像排隊(duì)買(mǎi)午餐的小女孩一樣。本句謂語(yǔ)為flooded，此處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，get與Newimmigrants為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填getting。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)我扮演溝通紐帶的角色時(shí)，我想起了在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)之前我說(shuō)話(huà)的掙扎。根據(jù)句意和空前的served可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)I和remind“使想起”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wasreminded?！?題詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我突然意識(shí)到，我是多么幸運(yùn)，能夠說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It為形式主語(yǔ)，本空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少“多么”的含義且空后為形容詞，故用how引導(dǎo)，how+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。故填how。【10題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：紐約是一個(gè)多元文化的城市，像我這樣的學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)和不同的人一起工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是city，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagesby-usingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.typicallyB.limitedC.markingsD.itemsE.treatedF.fencedG.fearH.packsI.gentlyJ.presentK.pairRedfoxesexistthroughoutmuchoftheUnitedStates,withtheexceptionofthesouthwest.InChicago,theyarenotcommoninhighnumbers,butarestill____11____incertainareasofthecity.Coyotes(叢林狼)usuallycompetewithredfoxes,andthelargecoyotepopulationand____12____livingspaceinChicagomayberelatedtothesmallnumberofredfoxes.Redfoxesare____13____smallerthancoyotes,weighing7-15poundsonaverageandstandingupto20inches.Easilyrecognizablebytheirstrikingredcoats,redfoxesalsohaveblack____14____ontheirfeet,black-tippedears,aswellasalongtail.Generallylivingalone,redfoxesdonotform____15____likeotherdog-likeanimals.Adults_____16_____duringthebreeding(繁殖)seasontoraisetheiryounginhiddenplaces,suchasfallentrees,orothernaturalorartificialstructures.Asomnivores(雜食動(dòng)物),redfoxeseatavarietyoffoodsincludingrabbits,birds,insectsandfruits.Redfoxesmaystorefoodinburiedlocationswheretheypileup_____17_____toeatlater.Sometimestheyarekilledbycoyotesandhumans.Theyarealsoeasilyaffectedbyharmfulskindiseasesthatcanleadtodeathifnot_____18_____.Whendigginghomesunderbuildings,redfoxesmaycomeintoconflictwithpeople.Sometimesfoxesmayhuntoutdoorcatsorchickens.Keepcatsindoorsandgettheseareas_____19_____topreventfoxesentering.Aswithanywildanimal,itisimportanttoneverfeedredfoxes,asthismaycausethemtolosetheirnatural______20______ofhumansandexhibitunusualbehaviors.【答案】11.J12.B13.A14.C15.H16.K17.D18.E19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了生活在美國(guó)的一種動(dòng)物——紅狐?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在芝加哥，它們的數(shù)量并不多，但在城市的某些地區(qū)仍然存在。根據(jù)上文“

theyarenotcommoninhighnumbers”和表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的but可知，雖然數(shù)量不多，但在某些城市仍然存在，形容詞present“存在”符合句意，作表語(yǔ)。故選J?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：叢林狼通常與紅狐競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，芝加哥叢林狼數(shù)量多，并且生存空間有限，這可能與紅狐數(shù)量少有關(guān)。根據(jù)上文“Coyotes (叢林狼)usuallycompetewithredfoxes”推知，叢林狼的生存空間有限，因此常與紅狐競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；形容詞limited“有限的”符合句意，作定語(yǔ)修飾livingspace。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：紅狐通常比土狼小，平均重7-15磅，站立高達(dá)20英寸。紅狐的腳上也有黑色的斑紋，耳朵尖是黑色的，尾巴也很長(zhǎng)。副詞typically“通常，典型地”符合句意，作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。故選A。【14題詳解】考查名詞。句意同上。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，紅狐腳上有紅色的斑紋，名詞markings“斑紋”符合句意，作賓語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：紅狐通常獨(dú)自生活，不像其他類(lèi)犬動(dòng)物那樣群居。根據(jù)“Generallylivingalone”可知，紅狐不會(huì)群居生活，名詞packs“（野獸、飛禽等的）一群”符合句意，是pack的復(fù)數(shù)，作賓語(yǔ)。故選H?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：成年的紅狐在繁殖季節(jié)配對(duì)，在隱蔽的地方撫養(yǎng)后代，如倒下的樹(shù)，或其他自然或人工結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)“duringthe

breeding (繁殖)season”推知，此處是指紅狐在繁殖季節(jié)配對(duì)，動(dòng)詞pair“配對(duì)(以繁殖)”符合句意，作謂語(yǔ)，陳述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。故選K。【17題詳解】考查名詞。句意：紅狐可能會(huì)把食物儲(chǔ)存在埋藏的地方，在那里它們會(huì)把食物堆起來(lái)以后再吃。根據(jù)“ toeatlater.”可知，此處是指藏了很多吃的東西，名詞item“一系列物品”符合句意，作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)they可知，藏的東西不止一個(gè)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選D。18題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們也很容易受到有害皮膚病的影響，如果不加以治療，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡。根據(jù)“ affectedbyharmfulskindiseasesthatcanleadtodeath”可知，如果不治療會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡，treat“治療”符合句意，和邏輯主語(yǔ)“紅狐”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞和if構(gòu)成條件狀語(yǔ)。故選E?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：把貓關(guān)在室內(nèi)，把這些地方圍起來(lái)，防止狐貍進(jìn)入。根據(jù)“topreventfoxesentering.”可知，把這些地方圍起來(lái)可以防止紅狐進(jìn)入。fence“(用柵欄、籬笆或圍欄)圍住”符合句意，和賓語(yǔ)areas是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故選F?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：與任何野生動(dòng)物一樣，千萬(wàn)不要喂紅狐，因?yàn)檫@可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致它們失去對(duì)人類(lèi)的天然恐懼，并表現(xiàn)出不尋常的行為。根據(jù)“exhibitunusualbehaviors”推知，此處是指投喂紅狐會(huì)導(dǎo)致它們不怕人類(lèi)，名詞fear“恐懼”符合句意，作賓語(yǔ)。故選G。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordintheboxcanonlybeusedonce.Therearetwowordsmorethanyouneed.A.selectedB.revealedC.indicatedD.rewardedE.chattedF.partnered21.Themagician____________thesecretofhisperformancetotheaudience.22.Theuniversity_________withaleadingresearchcentertodevelopnewcourses.23.Althoughshewasnervous,Susie_________hernextwordscarefullyandmanagedtofinishthespeech.24.AfterthreehoursofclimbingMountHuang,theywere__________withthenaturalscenery.【答案】21.B22.F23.A24.D【解析】【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：魔術(shù)師向觀(guān)眾透露了他表演的秘密。根據(jù)句意可知本句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，分析句子可知，空格處為句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，表示的意思是“揭示”，revealed符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大學(xué)和一個(gè)領(lǐng)先的研究中心合作來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)新課程。根據(jù)句意可知本句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，分析句子可知，空格處為句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，表示的意思是“合作”，partnered符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管蘇茜很緊張，但她還是仔細(xì)地斟酌了下面的話(huà)，并設(shè)法完成了演講。根據(jù)句意可知本句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，分析句子可知，空格處為句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，表示的意思是“挑選”，selected符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：爬了三個(gè)小時(shí)的黃山后，他們欣賞到了自然風(fēng)光。根據(jù)句意可知本句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，分析句子可知，空格處為句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，表示的意思是“回報(bào)，獎(jiǎng)賞”，rewarded符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Didyoueverhavetosay“no”tosomebody?Suchasaclassmateaskingtohavebreakfastwithyou?Newresearchsuggeststhat,atleastsocially,arejectionshouldn’tincludean—_____25_____.Inotherwords,sayingyouaresorrydoesn’tmakethepersonbeingrejectedfeelanybetter._____26_____,itmightmaketherejectedpersonfeelworse.Thatis_____27_____.Manypeopleconsiderittobegoodmannerstosaytheyaresorrywhenthey_____28_____arequest.GiliFreedmanisdoingsomerelatedresearchatDartmouthCollege.Forherresearch,sheaskedover1,000peopletorespondtodifferent_____29_____ofsocialrejection.Inoneinstance,theresearchersaskedpeoplefortheir_____30_____afterapersonnamedTayloraskedtojoinaco-workerwhowentouttoluncheveryFriday.AndTaylorwastold“no”.Butinsomecases,thepersonrejectingTaylor_____31_____anapology.Inothercases,thepeopledoingtherejectiondidnotsaytheywere_____32_____.Peoplewereaskedhowtheywould_____33_____iftheywerebeingturneddown,justasTaylorwas.Mostsaidtheywouldbemore_____34_____byarejectionwithanapologythanarejectionwithoutanapology.GiliFreedmansaidthereasonisthatapologiesmakepeoplefeellikethattherejectionwas_____35_____—evenwhentheyfelt-likeitwasnotokay.Rejectionwithoutanapologyletsthemexpresstheirfeelingsof_____36_____,hurtorangermoreeasily.Freedmanalsosaidthatanapologyoftenmakestheperson_____37_____feelbetter—evenasitmakesthepersonbeingrejectedfeelworse.However,herresearchdealsonlywith_____38_____communication.Abusinesssituationmightbevery_____39_____.“Ifamanagerrejectsajobintervieweeorabossmusttellanemployeethatheorsheisbeingfiredfromajob,”Freedmansaid,“reactionstoapologiesmaybeanothercase.”25.A.excuse B.apology C.analysis D.explanation26.A.Infact B.Inparticular C.Aboveall D.Asaresult27.A.challenging B.alarming C.disappointing D.surprising28.A.copewith B.handover C.turndown D.sendback29.A.ideas B.examples C.functions D.rules30.A.comment B.advice C.reaction D.choice31.A.accepted B.deserved C.expected D.offered32A.helpless B.sorry C.upset D.anxious33.A.feel B.interact C.behave D.strive34.A.inspired B.pleased C.embarrassed D.hurt35.A.flexible B.beneficial C.acceptable D.sufficient36.A.displeasure B.resistance C.envy D.boredness37.A.beingturneddown B.beingtalkedwith C.doingtherejection D.expressingtheanger38.A.written B.social C.global D.mass39.A.different B.effective C.direct D.official【答案】25.B26.A27.D28.C29.B30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.C36.A37.C38.B39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，該研究表明，至少在社交方面，拒絕不應(yīng)該包括道歉。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：新的研究表明，至少在社交方面，拒絕不應(yīng)該包括道歉。A.excuse原諒；B.apology道歉；C.analysis分析；D.explanation解釋。根據(jù)后文的“Inotherwords,sayingyouaresorrydoesn’tmakethepersonbeingrejectedfeelanybetter.”可知，換句話(huà)說(shuō)，說(shuō)對(duì)不起不會(huì)讓被拒絕的人感覺(jué)更好，所以拒絕不應(yīng)該包括道歉，即拒絕的時(shí)候不要道歉。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，這可能會(huì)讓被拒絕的人感覺(jué)更糟。A.Infact事實(shí)上；B.Inparticular特別是；C.Aboveall最重要的是；D.Asaresult因此。根據(jù)后文的“itmightmaketherejectedpersonfeelworse”可知，拒絕的時(shí)候道歉，事實(shí)上，這可能會(huì)讓被拒絕的人感覺(jué)更糟。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這令人驚訝。A.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.alarming引起恐慌的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.surprising令人驚訝的。根據(jù)前文的“itmightmaketherejectedpersonfeelworse.”和后文的“Manypeopleconsiderittobegoodmannerstosaytheyaresorrywhenthey4arequest.”可知，許多人認(rèn)為在拒絕別人的請(qǐng)求時(shí)道歉是禮貌的表現(xiàn)，所以拒絕的時(shí)候道歉可能會(huì)讓被拒絕的人感覺(jué)更糟，這種說(shuō)法令人驚訝。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：許多人認(rèn)為在拒絕別人的請(qǐng)求時(shí)道歉是禮貌的表現(xiàn)。A.copewith應(yīng)付；B.handover轉(zhuǎn)交；C.turndown拒絕；D.sendback發(fā)回。根據(jù)前文的“saytheyaresorry”和后文的“arequest”可知，此處指拒絕別人的請(qǐng)求。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在她的研究中，她讓1000多人對(duì)社會(huì)拒絕的不同例子做出回應(yīng)。A.ideas想法；B.examples例子；C.functions功能；D.rules規(guī)則。根據(jù)后文的“Inoneinstance”可知，研究中，她讓1000多人對(duì)社會(huì)拒絕的不同例子做出回應(yīng)，下文具體的舉例對(duì)此進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個(gè)例子中，一個(gè)名叫泰勒的人要求和一個(gè)每周五出去吃午飯的同事一起吃午飯，研究人員詢(xún)問(wèn)了人們的反應(yīng)。A.comment評(píng)論；B.advice建議；C.reaction反應(yīng)；D.choice選擇。根據(jù)后文的“afterapersonnamedTayloraskedtojoinaco-workerwhowentouttoluncheveryFriday”可知，研究人員詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)這種做法的反應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但在某些情況下，拒絕泰勒人會(huì)道歉。A.accepted接受；B.deserved應(yīng)得；C.expected預(yù)期；D.offered提供。根據(jù)前文的“thepersonrejectingTaylor”和后文的“anapology”可知，拒絕泰勒的人會(huì)道歉。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在其它情況下，拒絕的人并沒(méi)有說(shuō)對(duì)不起。A.helpless無(wú)助的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.upset沮喪的；D.anxious焦慮的。根據(jù)前文的“Butinsomecases,thepersonrejectingTaylor7anapology.Inothercases,thepeopledoingtherejectiondidnotsay”可知，有些拒絕泰勒的人會(huì)道歉，但是也有人沒(méi)有說(shuō)對(duì)不起。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們被問(wèn)到，如果他們像泰勒一樣被拒絕，他們會(huì)有什么感覺(jué)。A.feel感覺(jué)；B.interact互動(dòng)；C.behave表現(xiàn)；D.strive努力。根據(jù)前文的“Peoplewereaskedhowtheywould”和后文“iftheywerebeingturneddown”可知，研究人員想知道，如果被測(cè)試者像泰勒一樣被拒絕，他們會(huì)有什么感覺(jué)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人說(shuō)，帶著道歉的拒絕比不帶道歉的拒絕更傷害他們。A.inspired受到啟發(fā)的；B.pleased高興的；C.embarrassed尷尬的；D.hurt受傷的。根據(jù)后文的“GiliFreedmansaidthereasonisthatapologiesmakepeoplefeellikethattherejectionwas11—evenwhentheyfeltlikeitwasnotokay.”可知，道歉會(huì)讓人們覺(jué)得被拒絕是可以接受的——即使他們覺(jué)得這樣做是不對(duì)的，故大多數(shù)人說(shuō)，帶著道歉的拒絕比不帶道歉的拒絕更傷害他們。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：吉利·弗里德曼說(shuō)，原因是道歉會(huì)讓人們覺(jué)得被拒絕是可以接受的——即使他們覺(jué)得這樣做是不對(duì)的。A.flexible靈活的；B.beneficial有益的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.sufficient足夠的。根據(jù)后文的“evenwhentheyfeltlikeitwasnotokay”可知，本空與后文意思相反，即人們覺(jué)得被拒絕是可以接受的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：拒絕而不道歉會(huì)讓他們更容易表達(dá)自己的不快、受傷或憤怒。A.displeasure不高興；B.resistance反對(duì)；C.envy羨慕；D.boredness無(wú)聊。根據(jù)后文的“hurtorangermore”可知，此處表達(dá)被拒絕后的負(fù)面情緒，故displeasure意思合適。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：弗里德曼還說(shuō)，道歉通常會(huì)讓拒絕的人感覺(jué)更好，即使它會(huì)讓被拒絕的人感覺(jué)更糟。A.beingturneddown被拒絕；B.beingtalkedwith被交談；C.doingtherejection拒絕；D.expressingtheanger表達(dá)憤怒。根據(jù)前文的“anapologyoftenmakestheperson”和后文“evenasitmakesthepersonbeingrejectedfeelworse.”可知，本空與后文做對(duì)比，即使道歉會(huì)讓被拒絕的人感覺(jué)更糟，但道歉通常會(huì)讓拒絕的人感覺(jué)更好。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，她的研究只涉及社會(huì)溝通。A.written書(shū)面的；B.social社會(huì)的；C.global全球的；D.mass大量的。根據(jù)前文的“sheaskedover1,000peopletorespondtodifferent5ofsocialrejection.”可知，她的研究只涉及社會(huì)溝通。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：商業(yè)情況可能會(huì)非常不同。A.different不同的；B.effective有效的；C.direct直接的；D.official官方的。根據(jù)后文的““Ifamanagerrejectsajobintervieweeorabossmusttellanemployeethatheorsheisbeingfiredfromajob,”Freedmansaid,“reactionstoapologiesmaybeanothercase.””可知，如果經(jīng)理拒絕了面試者，或者老板必須告訴員工他或她被解雇了，那么對(duì)道歉的反應(yīng)可能是另一種情況，所以商業(yè)情況中的道歉的反應(yīng)可能與會(huì)社會(huì)溝通中的道歉的反應(yīng)不同。故選A項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst)Europe’smostbeautifultownsClovelly,theUKDonkeys(驢)usedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthestreetsofClovelly,aprettyfishingvillageinDevon,southwestEngland.Today,villagersstillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsinbecauseitsitsatthebottomofa400-footcliff(懸崖).Goodsaretransportedbyman-poweredvehicles.Iftouristscan’tfacethewalkbackuptothecarpark,theycantakearideinaspecialcarinstead.Dinkelsbühl,GermanyAcutehistoriccenter,woodhousesandsolidtowers—Dinkelsbühlhasitall.ItsitsontheGermanRomanticRoad,arouteknownforitsattractivetowns.Surroundedbymedieval(中世紀(jì)的)wallswithahugechurch,itwasthesettingforafamousfilmnamedTheEnigmaofKasparHauser.Giethoorn,NetherlandsTheycallittheDutchanswertoVenice,butGiethoornlacksonethingthattheItaliancityhas:overtourism.AsinVenice,lifecentersaroundthewater.Therearenocarsinthedowntownsotheonlywaytogetaroundisonfootoronthewater.Takeaboattouraroundthehousessittingonislands.Hungry?StopattheMichelin-starredrestaurantHollands-Veneti?.Anghiari,ItalyOnahillside,Anghiariisadelight—atinywalledtown.It’sacrowdedareawithnarrowandup-and-downstreets,fullofgrandpalaceswhichwerebuiltbythemysterious“menofarms”.FindoutmoreaboutthematamuseumnamedtheMuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari,whichtracesthehistoryofamedievalbattlethattookplaceontheplainoutsidetown.40.HowwouldtouristsprobablytourinClovellytoday?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot.C.Byridingadonkey. D.Bytakingaman-poweredvehicle.41.Whichofthefollowingarerelatedtomedievalhistory?A.ClovellyandDinkelsbühl. B.ClovellyandGiethoorn.C.AnghiariandGiethoorn. D.DinkelsbühlandAnghiari.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“menofarms”probablymean?A.artists B.soldiers C.architects D.historians43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.TouristscanenjoyfishinginbothClovellyandGiethoom.B.Anghiariisasmallandcrowdedtownlocatedonaflatground.CAtouristcanwatchafilmatahugechurchinDinkelsbühl.D.GiethoornisabetterchoicethanVeniceiftouristspreferalesscrowdedtour.【答案】40.B41.D42.B43.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)歐洲最漂亮的小鎮(zhèn)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Clovelly,theUK部分中的第一段“Donkeys(驢)usedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthestreetsofClovelly,aprettyfishingvillageinDevon,southwestEngland.(克洛夫利（Clovelly）是英格蘭西南部德文郡的一個(gè)美麗漁村，過(guò)去，驢子是在街道上往返的唯一交通工具。)”和第二段中“Today,villagersstillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsinbecauseitsitsatthebottomofa400-footcliff(懸崖).Goodsaretransportedbyman-poweredvehicles.(如今，村民們?nèi)匀粺o(wú)法把汽車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)來(lái)，因?yàn)樗湓?00英尺懸崖的底部。貨物由人力車(chē)輛運(yùn)輸。)”可知，驢子是過(guò)去的交通工具，所以現(xiàn)在人們不再乘坐驢子；人們無(wú)法把汽車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)去，所以人們不能乘坐汽車(chē)游覽Clovelly；人力車(chē)輛是運(yùn)送貨物的，不是人乘坐的，該部分最后一句話(huà)中“Iftouristscan’tfacethewalkbackuptothecarpark,theycantakearideinaspecialcarinstead.(如果游客無(wú)法步行返回停車(chē)場(chǎng)，也可以乘坐特殊車(chē)輛。)”表明，如今人們步行游覽Clovelly這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Dinkelsbühl,Germany部分中的“Surroundedbymedieval(中世紀(jì)的)wallswithahugechurch,itwasthesettingforafamousfilmnamedTheEnigmaofKasparHauser.(周?chē)h(huán)繞著中世紀(jì)（羅馬）城墻和一座巨大的教堂，這里是著名電影《卡斯帕·豪瑟之謎》的拍攝地。)”和Anghiari,Italy部分中的“FindoutmoreaboutthematamuseumnamedtheMuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari,whichtracesthehistoryofamedievalbattlethattookplaceontheplainoutsidetown.(在安吉亞里巴塔利亞博物館(MuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari)中了解更多關(guān)于他們的信息，該博物館追溯了發(fā)生在城外平原上的中世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的歷史。)”可知，Dinkelsbühl和Anghiari這兩個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)與中世紀(jì)歷史有關(guān)，故選D?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)單詞所在句子“Onahillside,Anghiariisadelight—atinywalledtown.It’sacrowdedareawithnarrowandup-and-downstreets,fullofgrandpalaceswhichwerebuiltbythemysterious“menofarms”.(安吉亞里(Anghiari)位于山坡上，是一座有圍墻的小城鎮(zhèn)，令人賞心悅目。這是一個(gè)擁擠的地區(qū)，街道狹窄且上下起伏，到處都是由神秘的“menofarms”建造的宏偉宮殿。)”和劃線(xiàn)單詞下文“FindoutmoreaboutthematamuseumnamedtheMuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari,whichtracesthehistoryofamedievalbattlethattookplaceontheplainoutsidetown.(在安吉亞里巴塔利亞博物館(MuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari)中了解更多關(guān)于他們的信息，該博物館追溯了發(fā)生在城外平原上的中世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的歷史)”可知，them代指畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)menofarms，安吉亞里巴塔利亞博物館保存著有關(guān)發(fā)生在城外平原上的中世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的歷史，這些歷史記載著“他們”的信息，由此可推知，“them”指的是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的參與者，即士兵，所以說(shuō)畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)menofarms指的是士兵，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Giethoorn,Netherlands部分中的“TheycallittheDutchanswertoVenice,butGiethoornlacksonethingthattheItaliancityhas:overtourism.(人們稱(chēng)其為荷蘭版的威尼斯，但羊角村缺少意大利城市所擁有的一件事：過(guò)度旅游業(yè)。)”可知，Giethoorn小鎮(zhèn)沒(méi)有過(guò)度旅游，由此可推知，如果游客喜歡不那么擁擠的旅游，那么Giethoorn是比威尼斯更好的選擇。故選D。(B)Clementineseemedtobemissingapiecefromherlife’spuzzleformostofherlife.Droppedoffasa3-year-oldhomelessdognearNewOrleans,thedogstayedintheshelterforfourmonthsbeforebeingmovedtoTexas.WhilelivingatanadoptioncenterinTexas,thedogwasadoptedouttwicetodifferentfamilies.Sadly,neitherofthoseadoptionsweresuccessful.ItturnedoutClementinedidn’tgetalongwithsmallerpets,andshehadtoomuchenergyforthesecondfamily.Meanwhile,CaptainRobertMoreewantedtoaddafiredogtothestation.He’djustreadastudyabouthowdogshelpfirefighterscopewiththepressureoftheirjobs,andhewaseagertogivethestudyareallifetrialrun!Withthepermissionofthechiefandotherfirefighters,heandafewcolleaguesvisitedtheshelter.AssoonastheymetClementine,theyweresmitten!“TheyintroducedustoClementine,”CaptainMoreerecalled.“Shestartedtolikeus,andwelikedherinstantly.Laterthatday,mydriver,BryanWallen,andIdecidedtogether.”CaptainMoreeofficiallyadoptedClementine,butshedefinitelybelongedtoeverypersoninthefirehouse.Shelovedtohugthefirefightersinbetweencalls,andshewasalwaysnearbywheneveranyonewaspreparingfood.“Sheridesonthetruckwhenwegooutoncalls”saidCaptainMoree.“Shenotonlymakesthestationfeelmorelikehomeduringour24-hourshiftsbutalsokeepsusexcitedtocometothestation.”Clementinehasmadesuchanamazingjourneyfromahomelessdogtoaherodog.ShewasnamedDogoftheYearatthe2022ASPCAHumaneAwards!44.WhydidClementinefailtostayinthesecondfamily?A.Shelikedfire. B.Shewastooactive. C.Sheatetoomuch. D.Shehatedotherpets.45.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“smitten”probablymean?A.moved B.puzzled C.attracted D.surprised46.WhatdidCaptainMoreeexpectafiredogtodo?A.Helpputoutfires. B.Guardthefirehouse.C.Stayexciteddayandnight D.Reducestressoffirefighters.47.WhatcanbeinferredaboutClementinefromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Sheriskedherlifeasafiredog.B.Shehasgotmanyimportantawards.C.Shedidanexcellentjobasafiredog.D.Sheremainedhomelessinherwholelife.【答案】44.B45.C46.D47.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Clementine從一只流浪狗成為消防英雄狗的奇妙旅程?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“ItturnedoutClementinedidn’tgetalongwithsmallerpets,andshehadtoomuchenergyforthesecondfamily.（事實(shí)證明，Clementine和小寵物相處不來(lái)，而且對(duì)于第二個(gè)家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，她有太多的精力。）”可知，Clementine沒(méi)能留在第二個(gè)家庭的原因是她太活躍了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)單詞下面的一段“‘TheyintroducedustoClementine,”CaptainMoreerecalled.“Shestartedtolikeus,andwelikedherinstantly.Laterthatday,mydriver,BryanWallen,andIdecidedtogether.’(‘他們把我們介紹給Clementine，”Moree隊(duì)長(zhǎng)回憶道。“她開(kāi)始喜歡我們，我們也立刻喜歡上了她。那天晚些時(shí)候，我和我的司機(jī)BryanWallen決定去接她?！笨芍?，Moree隊(duì)長(zhǎng)他們被Clementine吸引住了，所以才決定接受她。所以，劃線(xiàn)單詞smitten與attracted意義一致。故選C項(xiàng)。【46題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“Meanwhile,CaptainRobertMoreewantedtoaddafiredogtothestation.He’djustreadastudyabouthowdogshelpfirefighterscopewiththepressureoftheirjobs,andhewaseagertogivethestudyareallifetrialrun!

(與此同時(shí)，RobertMoree隊(duì)長(zhǎng)想給消防站增加一只消防犬。他剛剛讀了一篇關(guān)于狗如何幫助消防員應(yīng)對(duì)工作壓力的研究，他渴望讓這項(xiàng)研究在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)！)”可知，Moree隊(duì)長(zhǎng)想讓消防犬減輕消防員的壓力。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Clementinehasmadesuchanamazingjourneyfromahomelessdogtoaherodog.ShewasnamedDogoftheYearatthe2022ASPCAHumaneAwards!（克萊門(mén)汀從一只無(wú)家可歸的狗變成了一只英雄狗，經(jīng)歷了如此奇妙的旅程。她在2022年ASPCA人道獎(jiǎng)上被評(píng)為年度最佳狗!）”可以推論出，作為消防犬，Clementine一定表現(xiàn)出色，她才會(huì)被評(píng)為年度最佳狗。故選C項(xiàng)。(C)Asanactivetheater-goerandplay-reader,Ieditthisbooktosharemypassionforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughmanyplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideatheplaywright(劇作家)hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesarepresented