【課件】Unit+4Discover+useful+structures+v-ing分詞作表語和賓語課件人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

The-ingformAspredicativeandobjectUnit

4

GrammarReview-ing

時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般

完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+-ing/not+havingdonev-ing功能分類v-ing形式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞主語賓語表語定語定語表語狀語賓補(bǔ)Playingwithfireisdangerous.Jimlikesjumpinginmuddypuddles.Herideaisbuildingupanewcompany.Peoplelivingtherearequitefriendly.Hereallyneedsawashingmachine.Theperformancewasreallyamazing.Laughingandtalking,theywentin.Ilovetowatchherperformingonthestage.Review:What’sthefunctionofthe–ingformineachsentence?InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhen

talkingtoanolderperson.(Para2)

Someonewhowitnessesanotherperson

employingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(Para3)

InFrance,aperson

encounteringanidenticalgesturemayinterpretitas

meaningzero.(Para3)

Inmanycountries,

shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,and

noddingmeans“yes”.(Para4)

Perhapsthebestexampleis

smiling.(Para6)

AdverbialObjectcomplementAttribute,ObjectSubjectPredicativeSubject1Object2Predicative3Attribute4Adverbial5Objectcomplement6Reviewoftheusageofthe–ingform-ing

時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般

完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+-ing/not+havingdonePresentation-ingformaspredicative-ingformasobject-ingformasPredicative（表語）1．表示主語的內(nèi)容是什么。這時(shí)主語和表語位置可以互換。Herjobis

keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.Somestudents’favoriteactivityisdaydreaming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.＝BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.以上例子中作表語的ing短語起著名詞作用2.表示主語具有的特征。Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Thefootballmatchwasexciting.以上例子中作表語的ing短語起著形容詞作用Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.Ienjoychattingwiththem.YoushouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazil.Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.Theoldcouplehavegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.Iapproveofyou/yourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.-ingformasObject（賓語）動(dòng)詞后介詞后Where?v-ing作賓語Wearethinkingof

(make)anewplanforthenextterm.Hereallyregrets

(waste)toomuchtimeononlinegames?makingwastingv-ing作賓語可分為介詞賓語和動(dòng)詞賓語兩種-ingformasObject（賓語）只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞介詞后熟記相關(guān)短語動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)VS.及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語含義不同含義相同只能接todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞

作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語只能接-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞喜歡考慮要想象(enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy)介意冒險(xiǎn)可避免(mind,risk,avoid)允許承認(rèn)不喜歡(allow,admit,dislike)欣賞錯(cuò)過可理解(appreciate,miss,understand)主張完成不拖延(advocate,finish,delay/postpone)建議堅(jiān)持勤練習(xí)(suggest/advise/recommend,keep,practice)反對(duì)逃避不放棄(oppose/resist,escape,quit)

作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語只能接-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞喜歡考慮要想象(enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy)介意冒險(xiǎn)可避免(mind,risk,avoid)允許承認(rèn)不喜歡(allow/permit,admit,dislike)欣賞錯(cuò)過可理解(appreciate,miss,understand)主張完成不拖延(advocate,finish,delay/postpone)建議堅(jiān)持勤練習(xí)(suggest/advise/recommend,keep,practice)反對(duì)逃避不放棄(oppose/resist,escape,quit)區(qū)分：只能接todo形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞desiretodosthwishtodosthexpecttodosthclaimtodosthdaretodosthapplytodosthagreetodosthdeterminetodosthdecidetodosthstruggletodosthlearntodosthrefusetodosthdeclinetodosthpromisetodosthattempttodosthpreparetodosthhesitatetodosthbothertodosthpretendtodosthtendtodosth渴望做某事希望做某事期待做某事聲稱要做某事敢做某事申請(qǐng)做某事同意做某事下定決心做某事決定做某事盡力做某事學(xué)會(huì)做某事拒絕做某事拒絕做某事承諾做某事試圖做某事準(zhǔn)備做某事猶豫做某事費(fèi)心去做某事假裝做某事傾向于做某事不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，將來的動(dòng)作區(qū)分：既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語后跟動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語皆可，但含義不同。動(dòng)詞賓語的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……動(dòng)詞賓語的形式意義goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo(作目的狀語)停下來去做某事doing停止做某事區(qū)分：既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞need,require,want,demand,request,deserve作“需要”解時(shí)，后面接-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式，意義上并無差別。Yourcompositionneedscorrecting/

tobecorrected.Hiscoatwantscleaning

/tobecleaned.(sth.)need/want/require/deserve/request/demanddoing

=tobedone某物需要被做你需要道歉。Youneedtoapologize.作介詞賓語（常見短語）insiston堅(jiān)持putoff推遲beopposedto反對(duì)lookforwardto盼望carryon繼續(xù)payattentionto注意leadto導(dǎo)致bedevotedto致力于getdownto著手做beaddictedto沉迷beusedto習(xí)慣于contributeto有助于adjustto適應(yīng)object

to反對(duì)

beequalto勝任動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語名詞名詞所有格代詞賓格形容詞性物主代詞動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing形式邏輯主語+=Iapproveofyou/your

tryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.你介意打開窗戶嗎？你介意我打開窗戶嗎？你介意Marissa打開窗戶嗎？WouldyoumindMarissa/Marissa’sopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindme/myopeningthewindow?注意：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí)，邏輯主語只能用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞特別注意有些動(dòng)詞/介詞，跟v-ing作賓語，是主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：need,want,require,deserveTheflowersneeds/want/requirewatering.Severalotherpointsdeservementioning.need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedonev-ing作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語多表示抽象性的概念或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,一般說明主語的內(nèi)容。如：

v-ing作表語,分為動(dòng)名詞作表語和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語兩種情況。Hisfavoritethingisplayingtheguitar.MyjobisteachingEnglish.v-ing作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征。往往可譯為“令人…的”。Theargumentisveryconvincing.Thedailyroutinewasboring.特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞除be外，還有appear,sound,look,become,come,get,go,grow,keep,remain,seem等。Whathesayssoundsmoreconvincing．Theproblembegantolookthreateningagain.Theresultseemed

disappointing.特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語用時(shí)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，表示性質(zhì)或特征；進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞是謂語動(dòng)詞的組成部分，表示具體的動(dòng)作，兩者不可混淆。Thepresentsituationisencouraging．Thepresentsituationisencouragingustostrideforwardinproduction.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)PracticeLandingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely

(challenge).Tohelpuspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggested

(read)throughournotes.Thiswell-madefilmprovidesforeignaudienceswithafreshwayofbetter

(know)trafficregulations.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedtostopunwantedsoundfrom

(affect)you.Handingoutslicedorangestokidswhoarethirstycanbeas

(excite)aswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.challengingreadingknowingaffectingexcitingPracticeAlicelooksforwardto

(ask)togiveaspeechatthemeeting.Don’tforget

(stop)byPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Hehadtoadmitthatheregretted

(leave)schoolsoyoung.Jointeffortsshouldbemadetoprohibittheriverfrom

(pollute)bythelocalchemicalplants.beingaskedtostopleavingbeingpollutedCompletethesentencesusingthe-ingformandstatetheirfunctions.amuse,teach,breakdown,callon,bow,getthrough,assess1.Bill’sjobis

signlanguage.2.Thethemeofhispresentationis

barriersbetweengroups.3.By

,wemean“bendingourheadorbodyforwardasasignofrespectorshame”.4.

threekilometresofheavytraffictookmealmost25minutes.5.Weintendedtovisitthethemeparkbutendedup

ProfessorZhang.teachingbreakingdownbowingGettingthroughcallingonP.41Ex.2Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrases.lie,challenge,considerindividualdifferences,maintain,considerthewholepicture,evaluateapatient'scondition Readingbodylanguageisnotaneasytask.Itcanbe

becauseinterpretingthesignsthatanotherpersonshowsrequires

.Inthissense,itcanbecomparedtoadoctor

.

isalsokeytoreadingpeople’sbodylanguageaccurately.Forexample,when

,somepeopleavoideyecontact.Bycontrast,othersmay

eyecontactevenlongerthanusual.challengingconsideringthewholepictureevaluatingapatient’sconditionConsideringindividualdifferenceslyingmaintainP.41Ex.3P.41Ex.4Talkaboutthebodylanguageyoucanreadfromthefollowingpictures.Useatleastone-ingformforeachpicture.①②③Themanenjoyslookingathimselfinthemirror.Thewomanshowsimpatiencebylookingatherwatch.Theboytriestoavoidbeingbittenbythedog.PracticePractice——checkyouranswersBodylanguageisasimportantaswordsincommunication

withotherpeople.Thecrucialfactorisrecognisethefactthatbodylanguagediffersinvariouscultures,butitisalsoimportantto“doinRomeastheRomansdo.”Forexample,showthegesturefor“OK”inmanyculturescanmeaning“money”inJapanor“zero”inFrance.Bycontrast,makesuchagestureinBrazilorGermanycanbeingoffensive.Ofcourse,somebodylanguageissharingbyallcultures.Forinstance,wavedone’shandwhileseeyourfriendoffisliketosay“Good-bye”,andsmileoftengetspeoplethroughdifficultsituations.recognisingshowingmeanmakingbesharedsayingseeingwavingsmilingItwasanunpopulardecisiontopostpone______________(build)thenewhospital.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________(correct)them.Thoughitsoundsabittooexpensive,itisworth______________(buy).Sheisverybusy________(write)herpapers.Sheisfartoobusy_________(receive)callers.Onceyouareaddictedto________(smoke),youmayfinditdifficultforyoutoquit.Somethingiswrongwiththecomputeranditrequires_________________(repair).

Iappreciatehis_________(devote)himselftothecauseofagriculture.Shecan’tstand__________(keep)waiting.Healwaysimagine________(find)awalletonthesidewalk.Thelittleboyslippedintotheclassroomwithout__________(notice)bytheteacher.TonyBlairhadstoodfastin___________(back)theUSinitswaragainstterrorism.Peterisangryabout________________(notinvite)totheparty.TheblackpeopleintheUSareopposedto___