新教材北師大版大英語教師用書UNIT5SectionⅠ教學(xué)知識細解碼

1．eruptvi.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)→eruptionn．爆發(fā)2．crowdn．人群；一伙人；群眾；v.擠滿；使……擁擠；涌上(心頭)→crowdedadj.擁擠的；擠滿人的3．shockv．使震驚；使驚愕n．震驚；驚愕；令人震驚的事；休克→shockedadj.感到震驚的→shockingadj.令人震驚的，令人驚愕的4．survivevi.&vt.活下來；幸存→survivorn．幸存者；幸免者→survivaln．幸存，幸免5．frightenv．使害怕，使受驚→frightenedadj.受驚的，害怕的→frighteningadj.令人害怕的6．horrorn．震驚；恐懼；厭惡→horribleadj.可怕的，嚇人的，令人恐懼的→horriblyadv.可怕地；嚇人地；令人恐懼地7．curiousadj.好奇的→curiosityn．好奇，好奇心8．observevt.觀察；慶祝；遵守→observationn．觀察，觀察結(jié)果equaladj.(大小、數(shù)量、價值等)相同的；平等的；同等的；(力氣、勇氣、能力等)相當(dāng)?shù)?；能勝任的n.同等的人；相等物v.(大小、數(shù)量、價值等)與……相等，等于；比得上；敵得過；導(dǎo)致；結(jié)果為①Researchandteachingareofequalimportance. 同等的②Menalsosharetheequalrighttochasefashion. 平等的③Ihopethatheprovesequaltothejob. 能勝任的④Shetreatsthepeoplewhoworkforherasherequals. 同等的人⑤Thisachievementisunlikelyevertobeequaled. 比得上WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識要點1)etoone'smind某人想起……(教材P28)Whatestoyourmindwhenyouseetheword“nature”？當(dāng)你看到單詞“nature”時，你想到了什么？[例1]IthinkIshalltellyoualittlestorywhichjustcametomymind.我想，我可以告訴各位一個我剛想到的小故事。[例2]Seeingthephoto，thewonderfultimetheyspenttogethercametohismind.看到相片，他便想起了他們一起度過的好時光。[造句]但是錯過比賽的想法從來沒在我腦海中出現(xiàn)。Yetthethoughtofmissingthegameneverevencametomymind.[知識拓展]keep/bear...inmind 記住……absence/outofmind 心不在焉findone'smindon 把注意力集中在……[即學(xué)即練]①Weshouldallkeepinmindtheconceptof“We”andpracticeit.②Repeatedfailureshavedrivenhimoutofhismind.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點2)mentn．評論；意見vt.&vi.發(fā)表意見，評論[例1]Youreallycan'tmentuntilyouknowthefacts.你真的不能在你知道事實之前進行評論。[例2]There'sbeennomentsofarfromthepoliceabouttheallegations.到目前為止還沒有來自警方的對那些指控的任何解釋。[造句]他在阿姆斯特丹的記者招待會上發(fā)表了意見。HemadehismentsatanewsconferenceinAmsterdam[知識拓展](1)menton/upon 對……作出評價(2)mentn. 評價makementson/upon 對……作出評價noment 無可奉告[即學(xué)即練]①HedidnotmentonwhatIsaid.②Hemadenomentonourproposal.③Theyaskedformentsonthenewplan.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點3)shockvt.使震驚；使難以置信n.震驚(教材P29)Thetwostudentswereshockedatthelectureonnature.這兩個學(xué)生被關(guān)于自然的演講震驚了。[例1]Thenewsofmypromotioncameasashock.我獲晉升的消息著實讓我一驚。[例2]Itshocksyouwhensomethinglikethathappens.發(fā)生那樣的事情，你會難以置信。[造句]救援人員被眼前的景象驚呆了。Reliefworkerswereshockedbywhattheysaw.[知識拓展](1)toone'sshock 令某人震驚的是Itshockssb.todosth. 令某人害怕/震驚的是……(2)shockedadj. 震驚的beshockedat 對……震驚(3)shockingadj. 令人震驚的[即學(xué)即練]①Iwasshockedatseeinghersmoking.＝Iwasshockedtosee(see)hersmoking.②Tomyshock，suchanattackshouldhappeninthisschool.③Iamsorryforhavingaskedhim.Iwasshocked(shock)athisrefusal.[小片段填空]①Tomyshock，herefusedmyoffer.WhenImethimagain，I②wasshockedathissituation.Itis③shockingthathelostallhispossessioninsuchashorttime.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點4)survivevi.幸存；生存下來vt.幸免于；從……中生還(教材P30)Afishermanistryingtosurviveastorm.一個漁民正試圖從風(fēng)暴中幸存下來。[例1]Mypeoplehavesurvived400yearsofslavery.我的人民族從400年的奴隸制中挺了過來。[例2]Allthetreesplantedlastyearhavesurvived.去年栽的樹全都活了。[造句]他在事故中沒受傷，真是(不幸中的)大幸！Hewasveryluckytohavesurvivedtheaccidentunhurtsurvivesth. 在……中幸免于難，挺過……survive(fromsth.) (從……中)存活下來/留存下來survive(onsth.) (靠……)存活surviveassth. 作為……繼續(xù)存在survivesb.by...years 比某人多活了……年(2)survivorn. 幸存者survivaln. 幸存，幸免[即學(xué)即練]①Harrysurvivedhiswifebythreemonths.②Aplanecrashedyesterday，andtherewerenosurvivors(survive)．③Amy'sonlychanceofsurvival(survive)wasalivertransplant.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點5)frightenedadj.受驚的，害怕的(教材P31)ThemomentIheardthewordIbecameveryfrightened．我一聽到那個詞，我變得非常害怕。[例1]Shewasfrightenedthattheplanewouldcrash.她害怕飛機會墜毀。[例2]Miriamwastoofrightenedtotellherfamilywhathadhappened.米麗婭姆太害怕了以至于不敢告訴家人發(fā)生了什么事。[造句]她擔(dān)心玻璃會破碎。Shewasfrightenedthattheglasswouldbreak.[知識拓展](1)frightenedadj. 感到害怕的befrightenedat... (聽到……)嚇了一跳befrightenedofsb.(sth.) 害怕某人/某事(2)frighteningadj. 令人驚恐的；駭人的(3)frightenv. 使驚恐，使害怕frighteno(outof)doingsth. 嚇得某人(不)做某事[即學(xué)即練]①Theyfrightenedtheoldladyintosigning(sign)thepaper.②Don'tbefrightened(frighten)ofmakingmistakeswhenyouspeakEnglish.[名師點津]由過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞，是分詞形容詞。這些詞已失去了動詞的性質(zhì)，大多數(shù)可被副詞very或too修飾，有的還有比較級和最高級，故稱為分詞形容詞。v.-ing形式，意為“令人……的”，多指事物；v.-ed形式，意為“感到……的”，多用于指人。eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點6)calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的v．使……平衡(教材P31)…Ifeltcalmerthanwhenweweremovingtowardsit.……我感到比我們朝它移動時更鎮(zhèn)靜。[例1]Itisimportanttokeepcalminanemergency.情況緊急的時候，保持鎮(zhèn)靜是重要的。[例2]Havesometea；it'llcalmyournerves.喝點茶吧，這會使你緊張的神經(jīng)松弛下來。[造句]鎮(zhèn)靜點，告訴我出了什么事。Trytokeepcalmandjusttellmewhathappened．[知識拓展](1)keep/remaincalm 保持冷靜(2)calmdown 平靜下來calmoneselfdown 使某人自己鎮(zhèn)靜下來(3)calmlyadv. 平靜地calmnessn. 平靜[即學(xué)即練]①Heisterriblyexcited.Wemusttrytocalmhimdown．②Thetelevisionannouncerreadthenewscalmly(calm)．③Donothaveadrinkortakedrugstocalmyourself(you)down.[明辨異同]calm“鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的”，指無風(fēng)浪或者人的心情不激動。quiet“安靜的；寧靜的”，指無聲音，不吵鬧或者心里沒有煩惱或焦慮。still“不動的；靜止的”，指無動作或運動的狀態(tài)。silent“寂靜的；沉默的，無語的”，指沒有聲音或不講話。[小片段填空]Whenfacingdanger，oneshouldkeep①calm；whensomeoneelseisasleep，oneshouldkeep②quiet；inclass，oneshouldn'tkeep③silentabouttheteacher'squestions.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點7)curiousadj.好奇的；好打聽的(教材P31)Afterawhile，Ibecamecuriousaboutthewhirlpoolitself.過了一會兒，我開始對漩渦本身感到好奇。[例1]EveryonewascuriousaboutwhyMarkwasleaving.馬克為什么要離去，大家都感到好奇。[例2]Heissuchacuriousboy，alwaysaskingquestions.他是個如此好奇的男孩，總是愛問問題。[造句]人們聚攏過來，很想知道發(fā)生了什么事情。Peoplegatheredround，curioustoknowwhatishappening.[知識拓展](1)becuriousabout 對……感到好奇becurioustodosth. 渴望做某事becuriousthat... 對……感到好奇(2)curiosityn. 好奇心；求知欲from/outofcuriosity 出于好奇meet/satisfyone'scuriosity 滿足某人的好奇心withcuriosity＝curiously 奇怪地；好奇地[即學(xué)即練]①Tenysonbecameverycuriousaboutwhathadhappenedtotheelderlycouple.②It'sverycuriousthatsheleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.③Theboyopenedtheboxoutofcuriosity(curious)．eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點8)recognisevt.辨認出；承認；認可(教材P31)Thefishermenweremyoldfriends，buttheywereunabletorecogniseme.漁民們是我的老朋友，但他們沒能認出我來。[例1]Ihadalreadyrecognisedthevoice.我早已聽出了這個聲音。[例2]WhenIwentthere，oneofmyrealbrothersrecognisedme.當(dāng)我前往那里時，我的一個親生兄弟認出了我。[造句]誰也沒意識到形勢有多么緊急。Nobodyrecognisedhowurgentthesituationwas.[知識拓展](1)recognisesb./sth.as... 承認……是……berecognisedas... 被公認為……recognisethat... 承認……；意識到……(2)recognitionn. 認識；認出beyondrecognition 認不出來[即學(xué)即練]①Everyonerecognisedhimasthelawfulheir.②Itwasrecognised(recognise)thatthissolutioncouldonlybetemporary.③Atlast，herfather'sworkhasreceivedpopularrecognition(recognise)．eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點9)turnone'sback(onsb./sth.)對……置之不理，對……撒手不管(教材P102)...andfinallyturneditsbackonus.……最后對我們?nèi)鍪植还?。[例1]Didyoureallyturnyourbackonhisinvitation?你真的拒絕了他的邀請嗎？[例2]HeturnedhisbackonmeandrefusedtolendmeanymoneywhenIlostmyjob.當(dāng)我失去我的工作的時候，他根本不肯幫忙，一分錢都不愿意借給我。[造句]每次我向你求助你都不理不睬，為什么？EverytimeIaskyouforhelp，youturnyourbackonme.Why?[知識拓展]turnagainst 背叛turnaround 翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)，扭轉(zhuǎn)turndown 關(guān)小，調(diào)低(聲音)；拒絕turnin 交出，上交turnoff 關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉turnon 打開，開啟turnto 向……求助；轉(zhuǎn)向turnup 調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)，露面turnout 結(jié)果是，生產(chǎn)，制造turnover 翻身，翻閱[即學(xué)即練]①Shedidn'tanswer，andturnedherbackonhim.②Theyturntoyoubecausetheytrustyou.③Hernameconstantlyturnsupinartcircles.④Atfirst，theyhadnoideaitwouldbeashardasitturnedouttobe.[小片段填空]Thepartywasalmostover，butJanestilldidn't①turnup.Tomwasverydisappointed.Hedidn'tknowwhyJanedidn't②turndownhisinvitationifshedidn'twanttoe.He③turnedoverthebottlesonthetables，andtherestguestsleftthehallinshock.Tom④turnedoffallthelightsinthehall.Noonecouldimaginehowupsethewas!SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)themoment引導(dǎo)的狀語從句(教材P31)ThemomentIheardthewordIbecameveryfrightened.我一聽到那個詞，我變得非常害怕。句式分析：句中themoment相當(dāng)于連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。[例1]ThemomentIgothomemyfatherwentout.我一到家，我父親就出去了。[例2]ThemomentIsawhimIknewthattherewasnohope.我一看到他我就知道沒有希望了。[造句]我一閉上眼睛就睡著了。ThemomentIclosedmyeyesIfellasleep.[知識拓展]類似的用法還有：(1)everytime，eachtime，thefirsttime(2)theinstant，theminute(3)immediately，directly[即學(xué)即練]①ThemomentIseethegeneralmanager，Iwilltell(tell)himabouttheingmeeting.②Thefirsttimetheyreferredtotheyoungpianist，Ithought(think)hewasamanwithoutname.③Icameimmediately(immediate)Iheardthenews.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(教材P31)Ibegantothinkhowamazingathingitwastodieinsuchaway，...我開始想，以這樣的方式死去是多么神奇的一件事啊，……[例1]Howbeautifulagirlsheis!她是個多么漂亮的姑娘啊！[例2]Howstrangeafeelingitwas!這是一種多么奇怪的感覺??！[造句]他們多么愚蠢??！他們相信那個人說的話。Howfoolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.[知識拓展](1)How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！How＋主語＋謂語！(2)What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！What＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！[即學(xué)即練]①Whatlovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!②Howcarefullythestudentsarelistening!③Whatfineweatheritistoday!eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式3)themore...，themore...越……，越……(教材P31)Thefirst，thelargerthebodieswere，themorerapidlytheyfell，...第一，物體越大，下降速度越快，...句式分析：本句是themore...，themore...句型，表示“越……，就越……”。[例1]Thehigherthegroundis，thethinnertheairbees.離地面越高，空氣就越稀薄。[例2]Thehungriertheybecame，thehardertheyworked.他們越餓，就越努力工作。[造句]戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)越久，那里的人們受難就越多。Thelongerthewarlasts,themorethepeopletherewillsuffer.[知識拓展]themore＋adj./adv.，themore＋adj./adv.themore＋n.，themore＋n.[即學(xué)即練]①Themorepassionswehave，themorehappinesswearelikelytoexperience.②Theharderyouwork，thegreater(great)progressyouwillmake.教材高考1.Afishermanistryingtosurviveastorm.(2019·天津卷)Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies，itcansurvivetheextinction(滅絕)ofoneofthem.2.Withoutwaiting，Ijumpedintotheseatotryandescape.(2019·天津卷)Yet，nowthatI'mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbeingmoreplex，Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Whatgoodchildrentheyare!2．Thebusierheis，thehappier(happy)hefeels.3．Itisrecognised(recognise)thatJaneisthemostintelligentgirlamongus.4．Lizpickeduptheblueenvelopeandturneditovercuriously(curious)．5．Iknowitmustbeafrightening(frighten)experienceforyou.6．Theymayhatewhathedoesbuttheirsurvival(survive)dependsonhim.7．Ineedyourhelp；pleasedon'tturnyourbackonme.8．Everyoneinthestreetwasshocked(shock)whentheyheardthenews.9．Sheaccidentallysteppedonhisfootonacrowded(crowd)train.10．Wehavenotseentheletter，sowecanhardlymentonit.Ⅱ.短語填空afterawhile；inthefaceof；intheend；turnone'sbackon；adaptfrom；inthedirectionof1．Intheend，wealldecidedtoorganizeaconcertforEaster.2．Iturnedtomyfatherforhelp，butheturnedhisbackonme.3．Wemuststrengthenourunityinthefaceofpowerfulene